Pregnancy Sentence Examples

pregnancy
  • She's in the early stages of pregnancy, no more than eight weeks.

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  • She managed to keep her pregnancy secret until an abortion was out of the question and Donnie was born.

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  • She shoved the photo back into the envelope and closed the lip, willing herself not to think about the previous pregnancy and its tragic end.

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  • That's an awesome pregnancy test, by the way.

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  • She paused as if she felt it indecorous to speak of her pregnancy before Pierre, though the gist of the matter lay in that.

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  • They hadn't spoken of the possibility of Cynthia's pregnancy since the topic was first mentioned.

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  • Yet since their marriage, pregnancy had been her deepest concern.

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  • They were four months into pregnancy with twins and she still had a slim waist.

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  • He thought of her pregnancy and felt sorry for her and for himself, and in a nervously emotional and softened mood he went out of the hut in which he was billeted with Nesvitski and began to walk up and down before it.

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  • But I do owe you for the joy of pregnancy that I took away from you.

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  • With a twin pregnancy the average falls to 37 weeks.

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  • Twin pregnancy occurs more often as a woman becomes older.

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  • Actually, her first morning of sickness had been unpleasant, until she discovered the cause was pregnancy.

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  • I knew I'd have to talk to you about it sooner or later, but I didn't want to hold the financial burden of an unplanned pregnancy over your head like a club.

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  • He was attentive as Betsy and I explained our wedding plans and his hosts talked about Martha's pregnancy.

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  • They had fought all through her pregnancy.

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  • It was still dark, and the moons of the underworld hadn't moved far across the sky.  He sat, uneasy with the dream exchange with Death.  A small fire burned between him and Katie, whose pale features and shadowed eyes were showing the effects of both her pregnancy and the toll the underworld took on mortals.

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  • Once again she visited the library, this time to research the symptoms of pregnancy.

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  • If you're late enough to be concerned about pregnancy, you need to see the doctor.

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  • He had swallowed pride when he found the pregnancy test strip, and then again when she wanted to work in the nursery at church.

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  • Long before the ultrasound, she was certain that her problem was pregnancy.

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  • The pregnancy had not been an easy one, especially not with the excitement of the past few months.

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  • Even carrying a White God, Jenn couldn't explain Sofi's pregnancy accelerating so fast, unless …"Wait, exactly how long have you been here?"

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  • In biology conception is the coalescence of the male and female generative elements, producing pregnancy.

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  • This arrangement is obliterated after the first pregnancy.

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  • It is an invaluable drug in temporary constipation and whenever a mild action is essential, as in pregnancy.

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  • The causes for a divorce are adultery, incompetency, conviction of a felony and sentence to imprisonment therefor after marriage, conviction of a felony or infamous crime before marriage provided it was unknown to the other party, habitual drunkenness, extreme cruelty, intolerable indignities, neglect of the husband to provide the common necessaries of life, vagrancy of the husband and pregnancy of the wife before marriage by another man than her husband and without his knowledge.

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  • Having a biological child wasn't his only reason for proposing a surrogacy pregnancy.

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  • She still wouldn't have the experience of pregnancy or childbirth, but those things might not have been all she thought they would be.

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  • With surrogacy, they could follow the pregnancy with ultrasounds, knowing that the baby was actually theirs.

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  • Unlike adopting a child from an unplanned pregnancy, this child would be intentionally conceived.

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  • Now they would wait for a positive pregnancy test - like any other couple.

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  • There might not even be one fertilized egg, and even if there were two, pregnancy wasn't guaranteed.

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  • Maybe the underworld was having some effect on her.  She'd been fatigued since arriving, but she'd explained it away with the fact she'd had little sleep and an unexpected pregnancy.

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  • It was yet another reminder that there would be no pregnancy — at least not this month.

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  • Even carrying a White God, Jenn couldn't explain Sofi's pregnancy accelerating so fast, unless …"Wait, exactly how long have you been here?"

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  • Charles inched away, as if pregnancy was contagious, and Yully reached out to touch Sofi's forehead.

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  • Pregnant sows exhibit a grossly enlarged abdomen during the later stages of pregnancy.

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  • Testing for fetal abnormality is now routine during pregnancy.

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  • It has been urged to rethink the methods used by its Teenage Pregnancy Unit, which hands out condoms rather than advocating abstinence.

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  • There are low-impact aerobics or stretching classes designed specifically for pregnancy - ask at your local leisure center for details.

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  • Use the pregnancy planner to keep tabs on your pregnancy Find out all about antenatal classes Chloe or Crystal?

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  • If an oral antifungal is required during pregnancy or breastfeeding, the choice of treatment should be discussed with specialist centers.

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  • Pregnant women will normally do this at the ' history-taking ' antenatal appointment with a midwife, at around the 12th week of pregnancy.

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  • Is the phrase that springs to mind tonight - got that lovely late pregnancy backache - bleurgh.

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  • A large study is required to determine whether screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria continues to be relevant in improving pregnancy outcome.

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  • It would appear that women who chew gum throughout their pregnancy are most at risk from having bouncy bairns.

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  • Withdrawal symptoms occur in infants born to women who receive barbiturates during the last trimester of pregnancy.

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  • An abortion must by law, except in a few extreme cases, be carried out before the twenty fourth week of pregnancy.

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  • An incompetent cervix, which opens too early in the pregnancy without any signs of labor.

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  • In later pregnancy ultrasound assessment of the fetal abdominal circumference is the most sensitive predictor of fetal weight.

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  • We Inform patients as to the risks involved in having a pregnancy complicated by diabetes and how these are minimized.

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  • Vitamin supplements may increase the risk of pregnancy complications instead of prevent them, research has suggested.

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  • Information technology consulting he says street then expect insurers provide pregnancy.

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  • A woman is at a higher risk of thrombosis from pregnancy than a hormonal contraceptive.

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  • She is a crisis pregnancy counselor and has a particular interest in teenage pregnancy.

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  • Events per women months and single decrement life-table probabilities were extracted for pregnancy, continuation, adverse events and reasons for discontinuation.

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  • Folic acid deficiency is known to occur in pregnancy.

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  • Children in such communities are at lower risk of teen pregnancy, child abuse, drug use or juvenile delinquency.

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  • Prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus.

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  • Women who gain excessive weight during pregnancy should see a dietitian.

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  • Topics covered include pregnancy and maternity leave, investment issues, sexual discrimination and much more.

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  • Abstract Objective To clarify the role played by endothelial cell production of fibrinolytic factors in normal pregnancy and pre- eclampsia.

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  • Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a common cause of massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage in developing countries.

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  • They also recognized the role of male ejaculate in pregnancy.

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  • Any woman who has been through pregnancy will easily empathize with at least some of the words in ' The Big Belly Blues ' !

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  • We can offer advice and support, risk assessment (including ergonomics and pregnancy ), health surveillance and supervised return to work programs.

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  • The vaccine should not be given to pregnant ewes in the last 8 weeks of pregnancy.

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  • At about two months of pregnancy, the uterus in a female fetus begins to form.

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  • However, in reality, a large and pedunculated subserosal fibroid may have a severe impact on fertility and pregnancy.

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  • In pregnancy and childbirth 72% - 80% of women needed forceps or cesarean section during childbirth.

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  • Its role is to advise government on the progress, direction and overall success of the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy.

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  • In addition to measuring AFP, another substance produced during pregnancy called HCG is also measured.

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  • There, urine samples will be tested at regular intervals to ensure the pregnancy hormone HCG is disappearing.

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  • They seem to have little idea of why only about a third of apparently healthy embies make a pregnancy.

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  • Getting help Your midwife or GP will be able to offer advice on how to stay healthy during pregnancy.

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  • Pregnancy, which commonly causes heartburn, indigestion or vomiting.

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  • Earth Mama Angel Baby heartburn Tea is the ideal natural remedy to help relieve the discomfort of occasional heartburn in pregnancy.

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  • Treating recurrent genital herpes during pregnancy A large number (about 75 %) of women with HIV also have genital herpes.

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  • Potential triggers to develop PCT are alcohol excess, pregnancy, use of estrogen, exposure to poly aromatic hydrocarbons and cigarette smoking.

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  • Specialist advice should be sought for treating hyperthyroidism in pregnancy.

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  • Both products are one-step pregnancy tests that utilize a sandwich immunoassay principle.

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  • Pregnancy also triggers the release of hormones, which enhance laxity in ligaments, which can contribute to foot strain.

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  • Women were included if they were otherwise healthy, had regular menses and no recent pregnancy.

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  • Women treated with single dose methotrexate were more likely to fail medical management of ectopic pregnancy than those treated with multiple doses.

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  • Two previous studies, which used metronidazole in short courses later in pregnancy showed no significant benefit from treatment.

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  • Women intending to become pregnant or in the first three months of pregnancy should take 400 micrograms daily.

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  • Higher levels of endogenous interferon gamma were found in women with recurrent first trimester miscarriage compared to women with normal pregnancy.

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  • Q. What has caused the extreme motion sickness throughout my pregnancy?

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  • Spanx is the first choice for top celebrity mums like Gwyneth Paltrow who was snapped wearing Mama Spanx footless tights during her pregnancy.

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  • We showed that nitric oxide did not play a role in normal or abnormal pregnancy and speculated that other vasodilators may be involved.

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  • Often, an ms nurse will contact the midwife to ensure appropriate pregnancy care plans are in place.

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  • A fertile postpartum oestrus may result in pregnancy, with a gestation length of over 30 days when the female is nursing young.

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  • Findings Data on pregnancy outcome were available for 244 women in the clindamycin group and for 241 women in the placebo group.

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  • The human ovary holds a fixed number of rudimentary eggs - follicles - which form in the fourth month of pregnancy.

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  • Folic acid This is the only over-the-counter medicine that is really important to take, both prior to and during pregnancy.

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  • These results suggest that home ovulation testing results in reduced chance of pregnancy, with increased frustration for both patients and clinic staff.

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  • The primary role of local co-ordinators is to be local champions for action and services to prevent teenage pregnancy and to support teenage parents.

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  • If the pregnancy is to be fairly soon, a support vaginal ring pessary may relieve some prolapse symptoms.

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  • They can also be confronted at the same with an urgent decision around whether to consider terminating the pregnancy.

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  • Some are much more effective in preventing pregnancy than others.

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  • Women do not expect to conceive an unwanted pregnancy or to need an abortion.

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  • For women who want to avoid pregnancy, it is never safe to have sexual contact without using a reliable method of contraception.

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  • We would suggest that further scans to detect pregnancy are then carried out from 16 days after insemination.

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  • For example trends related to teenage pregnancy are showing a dramatic decrease.

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  • The rate of ectopic pregnancy is increased with ART, with associated risk to the woman.

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  • Should she agree, with that information gained, I discuss the increased risks of a twin over a singleton pregnancy.

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  • A comprehensive approach to the issue of teenage pregnancy which resulted in a 25-30% reduction in teen pregnancies on Merseyside.

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  • Teenage pregnancy Teenage pregnancies can have profound social consequences for the parents, their child and the community.

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  • Pip Mason Consultancy runs courses on stopping smoking, smoking and pregnancy and relapse prevention and management.

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  • During pregnancy, the body produces more progesterone, which relaxes the muscles to allow the baby to grow.

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  • Four posters reported findings from studies evaluating PK parameters of two commonly used protease inhibitors and the nucleotide analog tenofovir in pregnancy.

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  • Epilepsy and its treatment can also affect female health in several ways including puberty, periods, fertility, contraception or pregnancy.

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  • Low protein diets during early pregnancy in rats were found to significantly reduce birth weight of pups.

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  • Also, during pregnancy the hormone relaxin softens the muscles of the pelvic floor ready for the birth.

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  • Legal time limits mark an unnecessary restriction, implying that without this imposition women would make irresponsible choices at a late stage in pregnancy.

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  • The probability of pregnancy following vasectomy reversal was 30% .

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  • Jennifer Lopez is at the center of a pregnancy riddle.

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  • If a pregnant woman catches rubella in the early stages of pregnancy, her child can be born with congenital rubella syndrome.

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  • No woman in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy should have rubella diagnosed on the basis of a positive rubella diagnosed on the basis of a positive rubella-specific IgM alone.

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  • Infections during pregnancy, e.g. rubella or encephalitis, can also lead to cp.

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  • A woman who has just come back from pregnancy leave may feel sensitive that she is asking for part-time.

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  • The latter includes gender specific illnesses or health concerns, including silicosis and pregnancy.

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  • The change that pregnancy brings to the balance of the hormones also leads to a general relaxation of the gullet sphincter.

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  • In pregnancy, harmful substances in the mother's body may cross the placenta to affect the unborn baby.

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  • Teenage pregnancy teenage pregnancy Teenage pregnancies can have profound social consequences for the parents, their child and the community.

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  • Another patient was worried about a note about asthma screening, others about records of mental disorders and pregnancy terminations.

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  • The ' pregnancy ' tonsure of two girls shows that they are in their second phase.

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  • Pregnancy is broken down into three phases, which are called trimesters.

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  • Not recommended for use in your 1st trimester of pregnancy.

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  • In a healthy pregnancy, fetal cells called trophoblasts do this by ' invading ' the uterus, while communicating with maternal immune cells.

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  • This interface, consisting of the maternal decidua and the invading placental trophoblast, is exposed to profound changes in oxygen tension during pregnancy.

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  • Toward the end of my pregnancy she seemed quite twitchy, sending me up to the hospital a couple of times for monitoring.

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  • Women who conceive again should be offered regular monitoring, including serial ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy.

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  • Because the rubella vaccine contains a live virus, pregnancy should be avoided for up to 3 months after vaccination.

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  • These feature an adjustable waistband for total comfort at each step of your pregnancy.

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  • This causes the womb to expel the pregnancy, which usually happens during the next 4 to 6 hours.

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  • Samson's mother is forbidden to eat unclean things during pregnancy, but Samson himself touches the carcass of a lion and is often in contact with the slain, nor does he abstain from giving feasts.'

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  • One day I asked her if she felt any symptoms of pregnancy.

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  • This case was also complicated by preterm delivery and successful delayed-interval birth in a quadruplet pregnancy.

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  • Rate of pregnancy related relapse in multiple sclerosis.

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  • The probability of pregnancy following vasectomy reversal was 30 %.

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  • The rhesus factor protein only becomes important during pregnancy; it has little effect on the body at other times.

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  • No woman in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy should have rubella diagnosed on the basis of a positive rubella-specific IgM alone.

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  • Maternal rubella infection in the first eight to ten weeks of pregnancy results in fetal damage in up to 90% of infants.

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  • Should you contract rubella during early pregnancy, it can result in serious damage to your developing baby.

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  • If a woman catches rubella in early pregnancy, it may damage the sight, hearing, heart and brain of the unborn baby.

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  • Women beaten during pregnancy can suffer life-threatening ruptures of the uterus, liver and spleen.

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  • By the sixth week of pregnancy the embryo is already encased in an amniotic sac of fluid.

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  • The outcomes of trial of labor in the twin pregnancy were similar to singleton pregnancy.

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  • In the later stages of pregnancy some substantial physiological changes occur.

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  • Even the most organized women can find themselves staring in disbelief at a positive pregnancy test.

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  • In pregnancy, harmful substances in the mother 's body may cross the placenta to affect the unborn baby.

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  • Some specific health issues are also addressed such as arthritis, pregnancy and eating disorders.

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  • In 1998 they contacted a surrogacy agency in the USA and they attempted to have babies by one surrogate mother but the pregnancy failed.

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  • My second pregnancy was going well until, at 27 weeks, I began to have symphysis pain.

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  • News, 19 April 2006 Teen pregnancy rates in a British city have risen to record highs, according to new figures.

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  • In reality the vast majority of women who decide to terminate a pregnancy are forced to travel to Britain.

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  • How many of you know someone who has had a termination of a pregnancy?

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  • All patients were beyond the first trimester of pregnancy at the initiation of therapy.

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  • Not recommended for use in your 1st Trimester of pregnancy.

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  • One of the findings in the pregnancy was that I have a single umbilical artery.

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  • I had an uneventful pregnancy for the first 32 weeks.

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  • Syphilis can also be acquired in the uterus during pregnancy.

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  • Pregnancy wastage during phase 1 accounted for 31% of the pregnancies detected.

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  • But these are normally used only within the first eight weeks of a pregnancy.

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  • I hated my body because I had developed a nasty womb infection and that is why my pregnancy ended.

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  • Around her twentieth week of pregnancy, Sarah's family could notice the bulge on her abdomen.

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  • Hillary's pregnancy put her emotions into quite a fickle state.

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  • Even if your baby won't sleep there at night at first, you'll experience a feeling of satisfaction if the baby's room is painted, furnished, and decorated by the end of the pregnancy.

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  • A typical pregnancy lasts approximately forty weeks, although this is just an estimate.

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  • Others send their information to pregnancy crisis centers and local obstetricians.

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  • Gaining weight during your pregnancy is necessary to maintain your and your baby's health.

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  • How do you know if you are gaining the right amount of weight during your pregnancy and how can you tell if there is a problem?

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  • If you experience quite a bit of nausea during the first trimester of your pregnancy, you may not have much of an appetite, and thus, you may not gain much weight.

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  • You will be given a glucose tolerance test at some point in your pregnancy.

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  • You can reduce your chances of needing an episiotomy by practicing perineal massage during your last few weeks of pregnancy.

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  • If he is a toddler, you might want to wait until your pregnancy is beginning to show.

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  • If he is older, though, and you are already telling others about the pregnancy, you need to tell him, also.

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  • Is there a right and wrong way to tell your child about your pregnancy?

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  • Unless your child is quite a bit older, you may want to wait until your pregnancy is showing before you tell her.

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  • In other words, don't use large, unfamiliar words to describe the pregnancy and birth of the new baby.

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  • Women's breasts change size throughout their pregnancy and while nursing.

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  • Since your breasts are already growing and readying themselves for the arrival of your baby, typically the best time to buy a bra for nursing is about midway through your pregnancy, usually in the second trimester.

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  • The best time to do this is either towards the end of your pregnancy (the eighth month), or two to three weeks after you have given birth.

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  • While the points that were made above are certainly important in determining the likelihood of pregnancy while nursing, there are other circumstances to consider.

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  • Don't smoke during your pregnancy or after the baby is born, and don't allow others to smoke around your baby.

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  • Congratulations arrive in duplicate when you experience a pregnancy.

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  • Whether you harbor feelings of exhilaration, joy or concern, work closely with your doctor and family in order to have the most successful twin pregnancy possible.

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  • This type of twin pregnancy is usually genetically based and occurs when the woman's ovaries release more than one egg at ovulation.

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  • Amplified discomforts associated with pregnancy such as morning sickness, varicose veins, aches and exhaustion.

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  • Larger uterus later in pregnancy leading to weight and size issues.

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  • In a typical pregnancy, gestation is approximately 40 weeks.

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  • Take the time early in pregnancy to work out arrangements, and everything will go much smoother in the end.

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  • For some, the greatest fear of a twin pregnancy is what happens after the babies are born.

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  • Here again I can say that although I was forty-two when he was born, my pregnancy with my late-life baby was probably my easiest.

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  • However, because a normal pregnancy typically lasts from 38 to 42 weeks, a baby born as early as 34 weeks may not experience any problems and may require no extended hospitalization time.

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  • When your friends or family announce their pregnancy, your search for the perfect memento for their child may lead you in the direction of monogrammed baby presents.

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  • Birth parent forums typically offer unplanned pregnancy support and information on other options.

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  • For some parents, finding baby girl hair bows begins during pregnancy.

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  • Then, it's time to celebrate your pregnancy with a fun, unique or creative maternity t-shirt, gift or other special keepsake.

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  • Have a pregnancy design in mind but can't find exactly what you're looking for?

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  • Make sure that your pregnancy weight gain is sufficient - studies show a low weight gain for mothers can increase risks for SIDS.

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  • Most clinicians agree that number of twin conceptions is much higher, although the actual pregnancy and birth may only result in one baby after the other fetus is lost in early miscarriage.

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  • Even the smallest events become memories during the course of pregnancy and the baby shower is no exception.

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  • This history usually involves a look at the mother's pregnancy, labor and delivery as well.

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  • This breakthrough reduced both the cost and complexity of IVF treatment ensuring that almost anyone might one day achieve pregnancy and create a family.

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  • Not smoking during pregnancy is already a given, but parents should not allow family member or friends to smoke when their baby is present.

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  • Breastfeeding may also aid your infant's fight against SIDS, and some physicians suggest that a healthy diet during pregnancy could possibly be a preventative factor.

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  • Don't drink alcohol or smoke during pregnancy.

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  • After all, she's probably overtired, sore, and still recovering from the birth, not to mention pregnancy.

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  • In addition, maternity shops like Motherhood Maternity offers a wide variety of pregnancy and nursing supplies.

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  • Early in your pregnancy or right after your baby is born are both times that are not good choices.

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  • Either get a nursing bra at the end of your pregnancy, or wait two weeks after your baby is born.

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  • Back adjusters-With six rows of hooks and eyes, moms can continue to adjust the fit of their bras throughout their pregnancy and breastfeeding experience.

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  • The site recommends purchasing one maternity or nursing bra in the first pregnancy trimester, with at least two more bra purchases after resizing in the seventh month of gestation.

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  • Another reason to invest in specialized nursing bras is because your breasts are much bigger after pregnancy and childbirth than they were before, which increases the need for support and shaping.

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  • You won't get very far into your pregnancy before you likely discover that a larger bra is in order.

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  • Cat's come into season approximately every two weeks unless they are interrupted by a pregnancy.

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  • You will also need to prepare your female for pregnancy with high quality food before and during her pregnancy as well as after.

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  • She'll never have an unwanted pregnancy, or develop ovarian or uterine cancer.

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  • The most important thing during the last trimester of your pregnancy, besides preparing for the birth of your baby, is preparing your cat for the arrival of your new baby at home.

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  • Learn the things you most need to know about feline pregnancy.

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  • Before a cat can have a pregnancy, there has to be a conception.

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  • It's extremely difficult to miss the signs of a cat in heat, but detecting a feline pregnancy is a bit more difficult.

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  • In the early weeks of pregnancy, your cat's appetite may lessen, and you may even notice that she throws up from time to time.

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  • This is a normal reaction to the increased level of pregnancy hormones circulating through her bloodstream, and it is usually just a temporary response.

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  • Many queens become more affectionate and even a bit clingy during pregnancy.

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  • During the latest stages of pregnancy, many females tend to hide out and sleep in the spot they have chosen for delivery.

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  • About midway through pregnancy, begin substituting a small portion of your cat's regular diet with kitten food.

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  • Continue substituting larger amounts until your cat is completely on kitten food near the end of the pregnancy.

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  • During a normal feline pregnancy, the muzzle of the cat expands to a width large enough to support two faces.

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  • Even before there is evidence of pregnancy, you should assume that your pet is pregnant and make sure she has the nutritional requirements she needs for a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

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  • At some point during the last days of pregnancy, your cat will start grooming herself excessively.

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  • Many couples, after giving birth to a baby, will already begin considering their next pregnancy so that their current baby will not be "lonely".

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  • Respiratory infections caused by the herpesvirus can sometimes result in reproductive troubles, including the abortion of a pregnancy.

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  • Pregnancy and voluntary unemployment do not qualify as eligible events.

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  • If someone you know has just announced two pink lines, a pregnancy basket is a great gift.

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  • Others are inappropriate for children or certain conditions like pregnancy or liver problems.

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  • It can also cause thinning of the blood, and has been reported to produce bleeding in pregnancy.

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  • Before taking any herb during pregnancy or while breast feeding, please consult your physician.

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  • The answer to that depends upon what types of herbs you use and at what point in your pregnancy.

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  • Before you use any herbs during your pregnancy, check with your doctor or midwife.

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  • There are risks involved with self-prescribing any herb, vitamin or medicine during pregnancy, so it is important that you take black cohosh only under the advisement of your health care provider.

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  • Using black cohosh before week 37 of pregnancy may result in premature birth, which can be detrimental to your baby.

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  • Flip through interior design or pregnancy magazines to see what other families have done.

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  • Is the product safe to use during pregnancy?

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  • As it stands right now, the company does not recommend use of its product during pregnancy.

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  • Ketosis can be fatal to people with diabetes, and during pregnancy, can cause fetal death or birth defects.

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  • This is especially true for women who have experienced pregnancy or infant loss.

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  • According to Diana Gardner-Williams, owner and founder of Just a Cloud Away, women coping with the pain of pregnancy and infant loss often feel like no one understands their grief.

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  • Recently, Diana Gardner-Williams took time out of her busy schedule to answer a few questions about scrapbooking pregnancy and infant loss for the readers of LoveToKnow Scrapbooking.

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  • Just a Cloud Away, Inc. is a support website for those grieving early pregnancy and infant loss.

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  • I also experienced two early pregnancy losses before Tanner.

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  • Contraception or ways to prevent pregnancy are usually discussed as well, but this may vary depending on where you go to school.

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  • Does just listening to suggestive lyrics lead to higher rates of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases?

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  • Or can this increase in teen pregnancy be attributed to the documented scientific findings that girls are maturing at a rapid pace?

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  • The truth of the matter is bodily fluids are exchanged during intercourse, causing a risk of pregnancy whether or not the guy happens to be a pull out champion.

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  • Although more widely accepted in society today, teenage pregnancy is not always a welcome discovery and for many teens, abortions are the one and only way to contend with what is often an unwanted and unexpected pregnancy.

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  • However, in some cases where a teen relationship continues and survives such a life changing event, the father of the baby may have a huge influence on the decision to continue with the pregnancy or opt for an abortion.

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  • The importance in all cases of teenage pregnancy is that the mom and dad, if this applies, are fully informed of their choices and indeed the implications of their choice.

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  • For so many teens, abortions are daunting, invasive procedures, yet for those who decide to abort a pregnancy, this is a necessary suffering, albeit in most cases a relatively painless one.

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  • It is also true that the earlier the decision can be made the better for the mom as the later into a pregnancy an abortion is carried out, the more invasive and distressing the process will undoubtedly be.

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  • Choosing to go ahead with the pregnancy and give birth is one which for many moms, even teenage ones, is both exciting and anxiety provoking.

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  • This additional padding is the body’s way of preparing women for carrying babies in pregnancy.

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  • It is also possible that melatonin can interfere with fertility and pregnancy, so if you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, or currently nursing, it's best to avoid melatonin all together.

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  • Once you are halfway through your pregnancy, or even earlier, it may not be feasible to purchase a wedding gown off the rack.

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  • The style you are most comfortable in for your wedding depends on whether you are early in your pregnancy or at the end of your pregnancy.

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  • In the early stages of pregnancy, especially a first pregnancy, few women have a bulging belly.

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  • In this stage of pregnancy, it is time to look for a maternity wedding dress made specifically for pregnant brides.

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  • The size you purchase late in your pregnancy depends on the particular line.

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  • Additionally, information on other teen issues like smoking, pregnancy, and eating disorders is offered.

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  • If you're a woman who may become pregnant in the future, your doctor may recommend you try an antidepressant that is safe for use during pregnancy.

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  • While experts are uncertain what causes PPD, the hormonal changes of pregnancy are thought to play a significant role.

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  • During pregnancy, the amount of estrogen and progesterone in a woman's body increases greatly.

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  • Did you know that more than 10% of women smoke during pregnancy?

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  • A woman who smokes during her pregnancy passes nicotine to her fetus and cuts oxygen flow to the placenta by 25%.

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  • Women who smoke are much more likely to face serious pregnancy complications such as placenta previa and placental abruption.

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  • A baby whose mother smoked during pregnancy is three times as likely to die from SIDS as the child of a non-smoker.

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  • It is important to note that the risks of smoking are the same regardless of whether or not a woman decreases her tobacco consumption for the duration of her pregnancy.

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  • Instead of going through detox during the pregnancy and risking a miscarriage or giving birth too soon, a pregnant woman who is addicted to heroin will likely be treated with methadone.

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  • There are also programs that address the needs of women who have children or who are dealing with a pregnancy.

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  • He finally ended up earning the award for his comment during Katie Holmes' pregnancy, "I've got Katie tucked away so no one will get to us until my child is born."

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  • She moved in with Ross for help with the pregnancy and later attempted a relationship with Joey, but they decided they were too close as friends.

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  • Brown, 31, is now in her second trimester of pregnancy and believes "there is absolutely no question that Eddie is the father."

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  • In an interview on the Dutch TV show RTL Boulevard, Eddie Murphy was questioned about Brown's pregnancy.

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  • This intensified after the engaged Holmes announced her pregnancy.

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  • In December 2006, she commented to People magazine that she was not having any problems with her pregnancy, saying that she was "100 percent fine."

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  • Prior to this oops, Watts declined to comment about whether she was expecting, despite a mention of the probable pregnancy in the New York Post.

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  • Even during her red carpet interviews, which she walked with friend Nicole Kidman, the actress stayed mum on the topic of pregnancy.

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  • The actress had called her pregnancy a "miracle," because she and Moder had given up hope after trying for more than a year to conceive.

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  • The rumors surrounding Nicole Richie's pregnancy are true -- the Simple Life star and boyfriend Joel Madden are expecting their first child in January 2008, according to MTV.com.

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  • There is also some talk about how her pregnancy may or may not keep her out of jail.

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  • To Berry fans, the news of her pregnancy doesn't come as a surprise.

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  • Although the couple has taken a tight-lipped approach to pregnancy questions over the past few months, for most everyone, the news comes as no surprise.

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  • Among the many pregnancy Old Wives tales, there is that one about not telling anyone you are pregnant until after the first trimester for fear of losing the baby.

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  • Teenage pregnancy is not exactly "role model" material.

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  • After all the denials of pregnancy rumors in recent months, Nicole Kidman and husband Keith Urban are reportedly "thrilled" that they are expecting their first baby together.

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  • The couple officially confirmed their pregnancy a short time later.

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  • Matthew McConaughey and model girlfriend Camila Alves have become a part of Hollywood's latest trend, pregnancy.

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  • It seems that the ladies of Hollywood, upon learning they are pregnant, do everything possible to keep the pregnancy under wraps.

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  • When rumors starting swirling about Jennifer Lopez's pregnancy, the couple would neither confirm nor deny the rumors.

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  • Her work obviously paid off, as a short time later, she would be confirming pregnancy rumors.

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  • The actress remained busy throughout her pregnancy, proudly displaying her baby bump at various Hollywood events.

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  • Ashlee Simpson has been on baby-bump watch for the past couple of months and throughout that time, vehemently denied all rumors of the pregnancy kind.

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  • Sources say that it is very early in the pregnancy and no one is planning to make an official announcement any time soon.

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  • So far, there are rumors saying she is pregnant and rumors saying the pregnancy rumor was all just a joke perpetrated by Pete Wentz.

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  • These days, it seems, that every engagement announcement in Hollywood comes with a pregnancy rumor attached.

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  • The short engagement of around six weeks leaves many people wondering…why the rush and only goes to further support pregnancy rumors.

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  • More pregnancy gossip is making the rounds regarding Joe Simpson allegedly shopping around the exclusive rights to his youngest daughter's official pregnancy announcement for $1 million to the first taker.

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  • Pete has denied the pregnancy rumors altogether while Ashlee has remained a little coy on the subject when questioned.

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  • Kidman was on celebrity baby watch denying pregnancy rumors, as it seems that most celebrities do these days, for a short time until finally confirming that she and husband Keith Urban were expecting.

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  • Given the pain that she endured after losing two babies with Cruise, it was no surprise that she and new husband Urban decided to keep their pregnancy news to themselves for a while.

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  • The announcement of the pregnancy and subsequent birth of Parker Foster Aiken caused the media to focus its attention, once again, on whether or not Aiken was gay.

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  • When Tom returned to the states, he made no comment about the pregnancy.

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  • He thinks that if she's in the early stages of pregnancy she'll be too tired to dance.

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  • Marquez also claims that David told her to terminate her first pregnancy, insisted she quite her job as a travel agent and promised to give her $1 million in "compensation" and a home of his in the San Fernando Valley.

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  • Mel Gibson confirms his girlfriend's pregnancy on national television.

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  • Celebrity bulges can refer to a couple of different things, such as weight gain or pregnancy, as well as the not quite so innocent male version.

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  • Some celebrities enjoy the extra media attention, and allow photographers ample access to all stages of pregnancy.

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  • Levi Johnston became a household name in 2008, when his girlfriend Bristol Palin, daughter of Sarah Palin, announced her pregnancy out of wedlock.

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  • Anyway, Tila reportedly is ready to experience the pregnancy, just not the child that comes with it.

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  • Her weight ballooned, spurring pregnancy rumors.

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  • This could turn into a dangerous pregnancy that could require a C-section.

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  • When a bitch doesn't show very much, it can be difficult to figure out if she's overdue or having a false pregnancy.

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  • There's a chance that she's having a false pregnancy, and yes, she could come into milk even if there are no pups.

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  • If she is having a false pregnancy, will she continue to have them?

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  • She has never had a false pregnancy before that we are aware of.

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  • Is it usual for them to start producing milk that early before they have puppies or does that indicate a false pregnancy?

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  • One false pregnancy does not necessarily mean it will become a habit.

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  • Dogs often react to an owner's pregnancy in unexpected ways.

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  • Some dogs react in unusual ways to their human's pregnancy.

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  • Our LoveToKnow Dogs expert gets more questions about determining dog pregnancy than any other topic.

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  • So far, she has shown very little of the signs of pregnancy I would expect to see.

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  • At 33 days gestation, the opportunity to have your vet confirm a pregnancy through palpation has passed.

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  • Many of my dogs have never shown any early signs of pregnancy beyond the development of breast tissue.

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  • Your vet may be willing to perform a sonogram to check for pregnancy, but this can be expensive and I don't know if you want or necessarily need to have one performed.

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  • Yes, sometimes the vulva remains slightly swollen throughout the pregnancy, and some male dogs misinterpret the scent as a season.

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  • If so, and if she didn't get bred then she may be having a false pregnancy.

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  • Under normal circumstances, a false pregnancy is nothing you need to see your vet about, however, if you dog continues to leak milk, you may want to take her in for an exam to make sure nothing else is going on.

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  • Ms. Seranne was a long time breeder and dog judge, and even though you're not particularly looking to raise a show dog, the section on dog pregnancy contains the finest information I've ever found on the topic.

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  • What would you like to know about dog pregnancy and breeding?

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  • A slight amount of clear discharge would be considered normal during a pregnancy, especially as whelping time draws near.

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  • Many of our visitors want to know how soon a dog's pregnancy can be determined.

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  • Other than the fact that she may become a little tired out, or experience other personality changes in the early stages, you won't really be able to confirm the pregnancy until about 28 days gestation.

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  • This should confirm the pregnancy, as well as tell you approximately how many pups to expect.

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  • Dogs can react in very different ways to an owner's pregnancy.

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  • It could be a false pregnancy, or a single puppy litter.

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  • Couple this with the regular hormone cycle disruption experienced during a false pregnancy, and it can make a dog appear pregnant when she really isn't.

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  • Unless you can absolutely rule out the possibility that your bitch wasn't exposed to a male while she went outside, we can't rule out a pregnancy.

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  • However, a large cyst on her ovary could produce similar symptoms, and is often mistaken for a pregnancy.

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  • Do feed your dog the same quality dog food throughout the year, not just during breeding or hunting season or during pregnancy and lactation.

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  • Puppyhood, an illness, pregnancy or lactation are some of the reasons that a dog may require nutritional supplements.

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  • When some people wonder how long it takes for a dog to have puppies, they actually want to know how long the pregnancy itself lasts.

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  • The average canine pregnancy lasts about 63 days, but dogs can actually deliver across a wider time range from 58 through 67 days gestation.

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  • You may wonder why one pregnancy appears to last longer than another.

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  • However, there will be times (for instance during pregnancy or following an illness) when vitamins and supplements are particularly useful.

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  • There are also specific formulations which contain a range of vitamins, minerals and other supplements to address a specific need such as skin issues, anti-aging, pregnancy and more.

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  • Whether you want to sooth winter-chapped skin, minimize pregnancy stretch marks or just indulge yourself, body butters made from organic ingredients are your answer.

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  • Pregnancy is an exciting time in your life, but it can be difficult to feel as beautiful as you look.

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  • Follow an organic pregnancy diet in order to ensure your baby the healthiest, toxic-free nourishment available.

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  • Your baby's body needs healthy nourishment in order to sustain the rapid development it will go through throughout the pregnancy.

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  • Pregnancy is not a time to start a new diet that is designed solely for the purpose of losing weight.

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  • The term "organic pregnancy diet" refers to eating organic foods while pregnant in an attempt to avoid dangerous toxins; it does not refer to a special diet consisting of organic foods that will allow a pregnant woman to lose a few pounds.

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  • A healthy organic pregnancy diet gives your baby the best chance to develop and thrive while also providing you with the nutrients you need during this physically challenging time.

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  • Remember that pregnancy will always result in weight gain, but the trick is to gain the weight necessary for your baby's development while avoiding excess weight gain that will be difficult to shed after your baby's birth.

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  • The best pregnancy diet will include a wide variety of foods.

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  • Far too many pregnant women become protein-deficient or iron-deficient during pregnancy because they do not eat the types of foods they need to sustain their health properly.

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  • Women who are bed-ridden, either due to illness or pregnancy, use bed jackets to cover up when needed.

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  • Maternity/nursing gowns - Some nightgowns are made large enough that you can start wearing them in the final months of your pregnancy and then continue wearing them for nursing after the birth.

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  • Lauren Silva offers maternity lingerie that provides proper support for your changing body during and after pregnancy.

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  • While you can’t know the correct nursing bra size for sure until after the baby is born, it helps to buy one or two bras a size bigger than the size you are in during your ninth month of pregnancy.

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  • During pregnancy, the lead stored in the bones is released and is transferred to the fetus.

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  • Women who are exposed to high lead levels during their pregnancy can also transfer lead in the bloodstream to their fetus.

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  • Women who smoke during pregnancy increase their risk of having a miscarriage, a low birth weight baby, and giving birth prematurely.

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  • Restless leg syndrome may be caused by anemia, pregnancy, some types of medications, alcohol, nicotine, or kidney disease.

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  • Although breast development begins around puberty, development of mammary function is only completed in pregnancy.

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  • During the first half of pregnancy the mammary ducts proliferate and group together to form large lobules.

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  • During the second half of pregnancy, secretory activity increases and the alveoli become distended by accumulating colostrum.

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  • After 16 weeks of pregnancy, lactation occurs even if the pregnancy does not progress.

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  • The ability of the mammary gland to secrete milk during later pregnancy is called lactogenesis, stage 1.

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  • During pregnancy prolactin helps to increase breast mass but does not cause lactation because it is inhibited by the hormone progesterone, which is made by the placenta.

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  • Besides the benefits of the contracting uterus, the process of producing milk burns calories, which helps the mother to lose excess weight gained during pregnancy.

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  • Placenta-The organ that provides oxygen and nutrition from the mother to the unborn baby during pregnancy.

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  • Prolactin-A hormone that helps the breast prepare for milk production during pregnancy.

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  • When a parent has NF, and the specific genetic defect causing the parent's disease has been identified, tests can be performed on the fetus (developing baby) during pregnancy.

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  • Other families may choose not to continue the pregnancy.

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  • A full-term pregnancy is considered to be 280 days, nine calendar months or ten lunar months calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period.

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  • During pregnancy, it is attached to the wall of the uterus and served to exchange needed nourishment from the mother to the fetus and simultaneously to remove waste products from the fetus.

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  • Childbirth usually begins spontaneously, but it may be started by artificial means if the pregnancy continues past 41 weeks gestation.

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  • Amniotic sac-The membranous sac that contains the fetus and the amniotic fluid during pregnancy.

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  • This chance is the same for each pregnancy and does not change based on previous children.

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  • Testing during pregnancy to determine whether an unborn child is affected is possible if genetic testing in a family has identified a specific CMT-causing mutation.

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  • This can be done after ten to 12 weeks of pregnancy using a procedure called chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

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  • There is also some concern that infection later in pregnancy may involve a very small risk of premature delivery or stillbirth.

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  • Pregnant women should be screened for GBS during the last few weeks of pregnancy.

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  • Pregnant women should be screened for GBS during the last weeks of pregnancy to help ensure that GBS does not infect their newborns.

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  • Infection acquired by the mother later in pregnancy usually decreases the likelihood of infection in the infant at birth although eye problems may occur in adolescence.

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  • Toxoplasmosis early in pregnancy is more likely to cause miscarriage or serious birth defects.

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  • The rate of fetal infection varies according to the timing of the mother's infection during pregnancy.

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  • Birth defects, however, are most likely (85%) in infants infected during the first eight weeks of pregnancy.

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  • Risk factors for this paralytic illness include older age, pregnancy, abnormalities of the immune system, and a recent episode of excessively strenuous exercise concurrent with the onset of the CNS phase.

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  • An Rh-negative mother who was exposed to her fetus's Rh-positive blood during a previous pregnancy or delivery or who has accidentally received an Rh-positive blood transfusion has antibodies against Rh-positive blood cells.

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  • In cases of known Rh incompatibility, the mother is given an injection of RhoGAM, an immune globulin preparation, at about 28 weeks of pregnancy and again immediately after the child's birth.

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  • A mole's color and shape do not usually change; however, changes in hormone levels that occur during puberty and pregnancy can make moles larger and darker.

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  • Pregnancy also carries the risk of complications.

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  • During and after pregnancy, there is an increased risk of the uterus rupturing and of arterial bleeding.

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  • Prenatal testing is available if a pregnancy is known to be at risk and an identified affected family member has had positive laboratory testing.

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  • If both parents have sickle cell trait and want to know whether the unborn child has sickle cell anemia, testing can be performed as early as the tenth week of pregnancy.

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  • If the tests show that the baby will be affected, the parents can be better prepared and they can make an informed decision concerning the pregnancy.

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  • They provide information concerning programs about pregnancy education and counseling, technological advances, and procedures and aftercare.

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  • The leading causes of infant death include congenital abnormalities, pre-term/low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), problems related to complications of pregnancy, and respiratory distress syndrome.

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  • Women who receive adequate prenatal care tend to have better pregnancy outcomes when compared to those who receive little or no care.

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  • This term is also used for a dome-shaped device used to cover the back of a woman's vagina during intercourse in order to prevent pregnancy.

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  • The only form of direct person-to-person transmission occurs from mother to fetus during pregnancy.

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  • Fetuses who acquire the infection during the first trimester of pregnancy often are still-born or die shortly after birth.

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  • Fetuses who acquire the infection late in pregnancy often show no symptoms when born.

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  • These conditions may not be present at birth, especially if the infection occurred late in pregnancy.

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  • Women who believe they may have become infected shortly before conception or during pregnancy should call their doctor immediately.

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  • The benefits of treating women who contract toxoplasmosis during pregnancy almost always outweigh any risks involved.

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  • Later in a pregnancy, if the fetus has contracted the disease, treatment with the antibiotic pyrimethamine (Daraprim, Fansidar) and folinic acid (an active form of folic acid) may be effective.

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  • The prognosis is poor when congenital toxoplasmosis is acquired during the first three months of pregnancy.

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  • Fear of infection during pregnancy is the most common parental concern.

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  • When a fetus is found early in pregnancy to be infected, parents are faced with the decision of whether to continue the pregnancy given the likelihood of serious complications to the fetus.

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  • Multiple pregnancy, usually referred to as multiple gestation, is one in which more than one fetus develops simultaneously in the mother's womb.

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  • During a pregnancy, it is essential that the uterus be well perfused to sustain the fetus with nutrients and oxygen.

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  • In fact, by the fourth or fifth pregnancy, the likelihood of having twins is four times higher than it was for the first pregnancy.

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  • If a multiple pregnancy occurred spontaneously, the obstetrician would suspect a problem with the dates because the uterus would grow faster than usual.

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  • The gestational age of a pregnancy is determined from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP).

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  • A multiple pregnancy almost always means increased monitoring and surveillance for complications.

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  • It assists with dating the pregnancy, determining the number of fetuses, detecting fetal anomalies, following the growth and development of each fetus, and serves to monitor the length of the cervix in anticipation of preterm labor.

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  • In a normal pregnancy the fetus spends the last four to six weeks growing and gaining weight, primarily body fat.

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  • Although research has shown that bed rest is not effective, a woman is often placed on bed rest during a multiple pregnancy to try to prevent pre-term labor and delivery.

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  • Mothers with multiple pregnancy should be especially careful to get adequate prenatal care, including any necessary vitamins or recommended tests.

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  • Questions about Multiple Pregnancy. [cited March 6, 2005].

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  • It is caused by excessive alcohol intake in the first twelve weeks (trimester) of pregnancy.

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  • Some studies have shown that even moderate alcohol use during pregnancy may cause learning disabilities in children.

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  • Drug abuse and cigarette smoking during pregnancy have also been linked to mental retardation.

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  • Pregnant women should be educated about the risks of drinking and the need to maintain good nutrition during pregnancy.

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  • Amniocentesis-A procedure performed at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy in which a needle is inserted through a woman's abdomen into her uterus to draw out a small sample of the amniotic fluid from around the baby for analysis.

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  • Women with good lung health usually have no problems with pregnancy, while those with ongoing lung infection often do poorly.

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  • Many couples who already have one child with CF decide to undergo prenatal screening in subsequent pregnancies and use the results to determine whether to terminate the pregnancy.

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  • The possible effect of pregnancy on the health of a woman with CF requires careful consideration before she and her partner begin a family; as do issues of longevity, and the children's status as carriers.

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  • A chorionic villus sampling test during the fifth week of pregnancy may also reveal some types of albinism.

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  • Women who have an uncorrected coarctation of the aorta have a mortality rate of 10 percent during pregnancy and a 90 percent rate of complications.

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  • If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium breaks down and the uterus sheds the extra tissue during the next menstrual period.

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  • All teenagers with amenorrhea should seek medical care, and an adolescent who has had sexual intercourse even once and then missed a period should assume she is pregnant until a reliable pregnancy test proves otherwise.

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  • It should be noted that spotting or even bleeding is not unusual during early pregnancy.

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  • If they are sexually active, they should have a pregnancy test after missing even one period.

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  • To rule out specific causes of amenorrhea, the doctor may order a pregnancy test in sexually active young women as well as blood tests to check the level of thyroid hormone.

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  • Amenorrhea related to pregnancy, the female athletic triad, drug or alcohol abuse, or eating disorders is preventable insofar as these are lifestyle choices.

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  • During pregnancy, cell samples can be collected from the fetus using amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling.

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  • Most birth defects occur in the first three months of pregnancy when the organs of the fetus are forming.

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  • There is no known way to prevent congenital amputations, but the prevention of birth defects in general begins with the well being of the mother before and during pregnancy.

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  • Other less obvious environmental factors can also play a part in the development of conduct disorder; several long-term studies have found an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of CD in offspring.

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  • Certain normal conditions can also affect body temperature, such as food ingestion, age, pregnancy, and certain hormonal changes.

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  • Couples with one child affected by FA have a 25 percent chance in each pregnancy of conceiving another affected child.

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  • If both parents carry the same autosomal recessive gene, there is a one in four chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit both recessive genes and develop FMF.

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  • If both members of a couple were proven to be FMF carriers through genetic testing, highly accurate prenatal diagnosis would be available in any subsequent pregnancy.

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  • Genetic counseling and further testing, such as chromosome analysis before pregnancy, or amniocentesis during pregnancy, may be recommended in adults with atrial septal defects.

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  • Certain conditions, called risk factors, make a pregnancy high risk.

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  • Nevertheless, identification of a high-risk pregnancy helps to ensure that those women who need the most care receive it.

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  • If this is not the woman's first pregnancy, outcomes of her previous pregnancies are of importance in relation to the outcome of this one.

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  • Most women will see one healthcare provider during pregnancy, either an obstetrician, a midwife, or a nurse practitioner.

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  • Women diagnosed with a high-risk pregnancy should seek the care of an expert in the field of high-risk obstetrics, called a perinatologist.

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  • They care for women who have pre-existing medical problems, women who develop complications during pregnancy, and women whose fetus has problems.

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  • Labeling a woman with the diagnosis of high-risk pregnancy requires that one of the previous conditions be met.

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  • A woman with a high-risk pregnancy will need closer monitoring than pregnant women who are not high risk.

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  • Treatment varies widely with the type of disease, the effect that pregnancy has on the disease, and the effect that the disease has on pregnancy.

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  • Abnormal levels of this hormone can affect fertility and/or cause problems with the pregnancy and possibly affect the health of the baby.

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  • As long as the level of thyroid hormone is controlled throughout pregnancy, there should be no problems for mother or baby.

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  • There are other medical conditions that do not interfere with pregnancy but are themselves affected by pregnancy.

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  • Some women with ulcerative colitis experience a worsening of their symptoms during pregnancy, while others will have no change or may get better during pregnancy.

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  • It is not immediately apparent why this discrepancy occurs, but due to the unpredictability of diseases, all women with chronic illnesses should be monitored throughout the course of a pregnancy.

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  • Some autoimmune diseases constitute a group of medical conditions that have a major impact on pregnancy.

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  • Women with lupus (a disease caused by alterations in the immune system that result in inflammation of connective tissue and organs) or kidney disease face serious risks during pregnancy.

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  • Pregnancy can cause their symptoms to worsen significantly and lead to severe complications for the mother and the baby.

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  • Diabetes is a medical condition that is affected by pregnancy and, likewise, affects pregnancy.

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  • Insulin requirements vary tremendously during pregnancy due to placenta hormones that may inhibit the action of insulin.

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  • Eclampsia-Coma and convulsions during or immediately after pregnancy, characterized by edema, hypertension, and proteinuria.

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  • Gestational diabetes-Diabetes of pregnancy leading to increased levels of blood sugar.

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  • Unlike diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes is caused by pregnancy and goes away when pregnancy ends.

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  • An infection in pregnancy can cause the unborn baby to have severe anemia and the woman may have a miscarriage.

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  • Perinatal-Referring to the period of time surrounding an infant's birth, from the last two months of pregnancy through the first 28 days of life.

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  • Preeclampsia-A condition that develops after the twentieth week of pregnancy and results in high blood pressure, fluid retention that doesn't go away, and large amounts of protein in the urine.

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  • Rubella causes severe birth defects (including heart defects, cataracts, deafness, and mental retardation) if a pregnant woman contracts it during the first three months of pregnancy.

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  • Women who have health problems and start specific care before conception have the best chance of a healthy pregnancy.

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  • There may be medications that are safer to take during pregnancy, and the physician can discuss how other women with a specific condition fare during pregnancy.

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  • For some diseases, pregnancy can mean increased risk of health problems for mother and baby.

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  • Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnancy and resolves at birth.

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  • Exposure of the fetus to x rays, especially during early pregnancy can increase the risk of the child later developing leukemia.

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  • Ebstein's anomaly may be associated with maternal use of the psychiatric drug lithium during pregnancy.

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  • The mother's exposure to certain prescription drugs such as anticonvulsant and dermatologic medications during pregnancy also can cause congenital cardiovascular defects.

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  • The occurrence of some infections during pregnancy, including viral infections such as rubella (German measles), can cause congenital cardiovascular defects.

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  • Fetal echocardiography is used to diagnose congenital cardiovascular defects in utero, usually after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

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  • Between 10 and 14 weeks of pregnancy, physicians may use an ultrasound to look for a thickness at the nuchal translucency, a pocket of fluid in back of the embryo's neck, which may indicate a cardiac defect in 55 percent of cases.

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  • Genetic counseling and further testing, such as chromosome analysis before pregnancy or amniocentesis during pregnancy, may be recommended in adults with congenital cardiovascular defects.

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  • During pregnancy, a folic acid deficiency may lead to preeclampsia, premature birth, and increased bleeding after birth.

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  • If this tube forms incompletely during the first few months of pregnancy, a serious, and often fatal, defect results in spina bifida or anencephaly (formation of the head without the brain).

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  • Folic acid, taken from one year to one month before conception through the first four months of pregnancy, can reduce the risk of NTDs by 50 to 70 percent.

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