Pipes Sentence Examples

The rest of the house was warm enough that the pipes wouldn't freeze.

An alternative plan is to pass the water through pipes placed in a steam chest.

With wrought iron pipes bends may be arranged, as shown in fig.

The pipes are best supported on rollers which allow of movement without straining the joints.

The pipes have specially shaped ends between which a rubber collar is placed, the joint being held together by clips.

One end of each pipe is plain, so that it may be cut to any desired length; pipes with shaped ends obviously must be obtained in the exact lengths required.

From this pipe at various points are taken the supply pipes to baths, lavatories, sinks and other appliances.

In the ordinary working of a hot-water apparatus the expansion pipe already referred to will prevent any overdue pressure occurring in the boiler; should, however, the pipes Safety become blocked in any way while the apparatus is valves.

It was constructed by Christian Muller in 1738, and has 4 keyboards, 64 registers and 5000 pipes, the largest of which is 15 in.

Branches may be made from the main pipes by means of smaller pipes arranged in the same manner as the mains, the Bolter branch flow pipe being connected with the main flow pipe and returning into the main return.

To obtain a larger heating surface than a pipe affords, radiators are connected with the pipes where desired, and the water passing through them warms the surrounding air.

Owing to the very rapid movement and the consequent increased rate of transmission of heat, the pipes and radiators may be reduced in size, in many circumstances a very desirable thing to achieve.

The steam is introduced into the pipes at about the pressure of the atmosphere, and is sucked through the system by means of a vacuum pump, which at the same operation frees the pipes from air and from condensation water.

A drawback to the use of steam is the fact that the high temperature of the pipes and radiators attracts and spreads a great deal of dust.

In districts where the water is of a " hard nature," that is, contains bicarbonate of lime in solution, the interior of the boiler cylinders, tanks and pipes of a hot water system will become incrusted with a deposit of lime which is gradually precipitated as the water is heated to boiling point.

The steam mains to the houses are laid by the supply company; the internal pipes and fittings are paid for or rented by the occupier, costing for an installation from £30 for an ordinary eight-roomed house to £Ioo or more for larger buildings.

When a number of cables follow the same route, they are generally laid in conduits made up of earthenware or cement ducts; iron pipes are used when the number of cables is small.

There, the large cables divide into a number of small cables, which are carried along the footways in pipes and are tapped at suitable points to serve subscribers.

The length of underground pipes which had been laid in the metropolitan area for telephone purposes was 2030 m.

It consists in sinking a bore-hole, after the manner of a petroleum well, and letting in four pipes centrally arranged, the outer pipe being 10 in.

Besides the royal foundry, with which are connected machine manufactories and boilerworks, there are other foundries, meal mills and manufactories of wire, gas pipes, cement and paper.

Barium chloride is present in some natural waters, and when this is the case the interaction of sulphates results in a deposition of barytes, as has occurred in the pipes and water-boxes of the Newcastle-on-Tyne coal mines.

At some distance from the shaft a square water-tight wall was built, and the space between it and the shaft was filled in with sand, which was purified of all saline matter by repeated washings; on the ground-level perforated stones set at the four corners of the basin admitted the rain-water, which was discharged from the roofs by lead pipes; this water filtered through the sand and percolated into the shaft of the well, whence it was drawn in copper buckets.

Of the 19,000 houses in Venice only 6000 have drains and sinks, all the others discharge sewage through pipes directly or indirectly into the canals.

These attempts were, however, unsuccessful, on account of the excessive leakage at the joints of the pipes.

The pumps employed to force the oil through the pipes were at first of the single-cylinder or " donkey " type, but these were found to cause excessive wear - a defect remedied by the use of the Worthington pump now generally adopted.

The gas is distributed to the consumer from the wells in wrought-iron pipes, ranging in diameter from 20 in.

Riveted wrought-iron pipes 3 ft.

The most common method of distribution in cities and towns is by a series of pipes from 12 in.

To these pipes the service-pipes leading into the houses of the consumers are connected.

Formerly the pans were heated by open firing from below; but now the almost universal practice is to boil by steam injected from perforated pipes coiled within the pan, such injection favouring the uniform heating of the mass and causing an agitation favourable to the ultimate mixture and saponification of the materials.

The mines, chiefly the property of the state and of the corporation, yield silver, gold, lead, copper and arsenic. The town contains also flourishing potteries, where well-known tobacco pipes are manufactured.

The sulphur is dissolved by superheated water forced down pipes, and the water with sulphur in solution is forced upward by hot air pressure through other pipes; the sulphur comes, 99% pure, to the surface of the ground, where it is cooled in immense bins, and then broken up and loaded directly upon cars for shipment.

It is a centre of the iron and steel industries, producing principally cast steel, cast iron, iron pipes, wire and wire ropes, and lamps, with tin and zinc works, coal-mining, factories for carpets, calcium carbide and paper-roofing, brickworks and breweries.

Pipes conveying the water of an aqueduct across a valley and following the contour of the sides are sometimes called siphons, though they do not depend on the principle of the above instrument.

The Romans used it largely, as it is still used, for the making of water pipes, and soldered these with an alloy of lead and tin.

Since all soluble lead compounds are strong cumulative poisons, danger is involved in using lead cisterns or pipes in the distribution of pure waters.

Even pure waters, however, such as that of Loch Katrine (which forms the Glasgow supply), act so slowly, at least on such lead pipes as have already been in use for some time, that there is no danger in using short lead service pipes even for them, if the taps are being constantly used.

These pipes are made up in small bundles, bleached in sulphur fumes in a closed chest, assorted into sizes, and so prepared for the plaiters.

Subsequently straws are selected from the sheaves, and of these the pipes of the two upper joints are taken for plaiting.

The pipes are assorted into sizes by passing them through graduated openings in a grilled wire frame, and those of good colour are bleached by the fumes of sulphur.

The diamond pipes probably represent some of the most recent rocks of the Transvaal.

The cost of filling has been greatly reduced by the system of flushing culm, sand, gravel and similar material, through pipes leading from the surface into mine workings.

In a mine with two shafts a ventilating current may result from other conditions creating a difference in the temperature of the air in either shaft - for example, the cooling effect of dropping water or the heating effect of steam pipes.

The simplest forms of pumps employed for forcing liquids are "plunger pumps," consisting essentially of a piston moving in a cylinder, provided with inlet and outlet pipes, together with certain valves.

The chief industry of Lemgo is the manufacture of meerschaum pipes, which has attained here a high pitch of excellence; other industries are weaving, brewing and the manufacture of leather and cigars.

But as Mariotte observed similar obstructions even in glass pipes where no transverse currents could exist, the cause assigned by Guglielmini seemed destitute of foundation.

Taking advantage of these results, Henri Pitot (1695-1771) afterwards showed that the retardations arising from friction are inversely as the diameters of the pipes in which the fluid moves.

The experiments of Bossut were made only on pipes of a moderate declivity, but Dubuat used declivities of every kind, and made his experiments upon channels of various sizes.

From a collection of the best experiments by previous workers he selected eighty-two (fifty-one on the velocity of water in conduit pipes, and thirty-one on its velocity in open canals); and, discussing these on physical and mechanical principles, he succeeded in drawing up general formulae, which afforded a simple expression for the velocity of running water.

The drainage system is still somewhat imperfect, but the water brought from the hills or from the Arno in pipes is fairly good, and the general sanitary conditions are satisfactory.

Some crystallizers are made entirely cylindrical, and are connected to the condenser of the vacuum pan; in order to maintain a partial vacuum in them, some are fitted with cold-water pipes to cool them and with steam pipes to heat them, and some are left open to the atmosphere at the top. But the efficiency of all depends on the process of almost imperceptible yet continuous evaporation and the methodical addition of syrup, and not on the idiosyncrasies of the experts who manage them; and there is no doubt that in large commercial processes of manufacture the simpler the apparatus used for obtaining a desired result, and the more easily it is understood, the better it will be for the manufacturer.

In other factories the cells are arranged in lines and are charged from the slicer by suitable telescopic pipes or other convenient means.

The principal improvement made of recent years in this portion of the process has been the construction of pipes through which the carbonic acid gas is injected into the juice in such a manner that they can be easily withdrawn and a clean set substituted.

In former days, when refining sugar or " sugar baking " was supposed to be a mystery only understood by a few of the initiated, there was a place in the refinery called the " secret room," and this name is still used in some refineries, where, however, it applies not to any room, but to a small copper cistern, constructed with five or six or more divisions or small canals, into which all the charcoal cisterns discharge their liquors by pipes led up from them to the top of the cistern.

In flue curing, also known as the Virginian cure, fires are set outside the barn; and the heat led in iron pipes or flues, into the building are under the suspended tobacco, which is placed there quite fresh from the field.

In the manufacture of tobacco for smoking, we have to do with the numerous forms of tobacco used for smoking in pipes, embracing cut smoking mixtures, cake or plug, and roll or spun tobacco.

A more efficient arrangement consists of a stack of vertical pipes standing up from a main or collecting trough and connected at the top in consecutive pairs by a cross tube.

As an auxiliary to air cooling the stack may be cooled by a slow stream of water trickling down the outside of the pipes, or, in certain cases, cold water may be injected into the condenser in the form of a spray, w here it meets the ascending vapours.

Normandy's apparatus, although economical and producing water of good quality, is very complex in its structure, consisting of very numerous working parts, with elaborate arrangements of pipes, cocks and other fittings.

The engravers of pipes, pouch clasps, and the metallic discs (kagami-buta) attached to certain netsuke, sprang from the same class and were not less original.

In the time of the counts the wealth of Gouda was mainly derived from brewing and cloth-weaving; but at a later date the making of clay tobacco pipes became the staple trade, and, although this industry has somewhat declined, the churchwarden pipes of Gouda are still well known and largely manufactured.

The presence in an alloy of a eutectic which solidifies at a much lower temperature than the main mass, implies a great reduction in tenacity, especially if it is to be used above the ordinary temperature as in the case of pipes conveying super-heated steam.

The water is brought from a ditch on the high ground, and through a line of pipes to the distributing box, whence the branch pipes supplying the jets diverge.

There is no difficulty in observing the temperature of the surface of the sea on board ship, the only precautions required being to draw the water in a bucket which has not been heated in the sun in summer or exposed to frost in winter, to draw it well forward of any discharge pipes of the steamer, to place it in the shade on deck, insert the thermometer immediately and make the reading without delay.

The brine is cooled in a tank filled with spiral pipes, in which anhydrous ammonia, previously liquefied by compression, is vaporized in vacuo at the atmospheric temperature by the sensible heat of the returncurrent of brine, whose temperature has been slightly raised in its passage through the circulating tubes.

In this the filling material, preferably sand, is sent down from the surface through a vertical steel pipe mixed with sufficient water to allow it to flow freely through distributing pipes in the levels commanding the excavations to be filled; these are closed at the bottom by screens of boards sufficiently close to retain the packing material while allowing the water to pass by the lower level to the pumping-engine which returns it to the surface.

In some cases steam generated in boilers at the surface is carried in pipes to the engines below, but there is less loss of power when compressed air is sent down in the same way.

This may be done by water-carts or hose and jet, but preferably by finely divided water and compressed air distributed from a network of pipes carried through the workings.

Among the city's manufactures are boilers, machines, glass, chemicals, terra cotta, brick, iron pipes and couplings, gas engines, cutlery and silk.

The pipes composing it were stopped at one end, so that the sound waves had to travel twice the length of the pipe, giving out a note nearly an octave lower than that produced by an open pipe of equal length.

The breath directed horizontally across the open end, impinged against the sharp inner edge of the pipes, creating the regular series of pulses which generate the sound waves within the tubes.

The syrinx or pan pipes owes its double name to ancient Greek tradition, ascribing its invention to Pan in connection with a well-known legend of the Arcadian water-nymph "Syrinx."

The pandean pipes continued in favour with the rustic populations of the West long after the organ evolved from it had eclipsed this humble prototype.

At the beginning of the 19th century a revival of the popularity of this instrument took place, and quartets were played on four sets of pipes of different sizes and pitch.

The shunt coil Sh and the series coil Se are connected together at one point, and the remaining terminals of the dynamo and shunt coil must be connected to a " good earth," which is generally the gas or water pipes w of the building.

At Olean it is pumped into pipes which extend as far north as Buffalo and as far east as Long Island City.

Experiments, referred to later, have been made to find the amplituae of swing of the air particles in organ pipes.

Regnault in the years 1862 to 1866 on the velocity of sound in open air, in air in pipes and in various other gases in pipes, he sought to eliminate personal equaticn by dispensing with the human element in the observations, using electric receivers as observers.

In the memoir cited above Regnault gives an account of determinations of the velocity in air in pipes of great length and of diameters ranging from o 108 metres to i i metres.

The sound travelled to and fro in the pipes several times before the signals died away, and he found that the velocity decreased with the intensity, tending to a limit for very feeble sounds, the limit being the same whatever the source.

Regnault also set up a shorter length of pipes of diameter o 108 m.

It is evident that for exact diatonic scales for even a limited number of key-notes, key-board instruments would have to be provided with a great number of separate strings or pipes, and the corresponding keys would be required.

The approximate theory of pipes due to Bernoulli assumes a loop at the open end, but the condition for a loop at the open end, that of no pressure variation, cannot be exactly fulfilled.

Using this result Rayleigh found the correction for an unflanged open end by sounding two pipes nearly in unison, each provided with a flange, and counting the beats.

We shall then show that on certain limitations two trains of disturbance may be superposed so that stationary waves may be formed, and thence we shall deduce the modes of vibration as with pipes.

But keeping r/X small we may as before form stationary waves, and it is evident that the series of fundamental and overtones will be just as with the air in pipes, and we shall have the same three types - fixed at one end, free at both ends, fixed at both ends - with fundamental frequencies respectively 41, p ' 21 V p, and I velocity in rod =velocity in air X distance between dust heaps.

Such bars are used in musical boxes and as free reeds in organ pipes.

If two organ pipes in unison are mounted side by side on a windchest with their ends close together, and are blown for a very short time, they sound.

Yet the air within the pipes is vibrating more vigorously than ever, but in opposite phases in the two pipes.

This may be shown by furnishing the pipes with manometric flames placed in the same vertical line.

When the flames are viewed in a revolving mirror and the pipes are blown, each image of one flame lies between two images of the other.

If, the two pipes are slightly out of tune when sounded separately together they sound a common note which may be higher than that due to either alone.

But we have to remember that with strings, pipes and instruments generally the fundamental tone is accompanied by overtones, called also " upper partials," and beating within the dissonance range may occur between these overtones.

We may illustrate the first method by taking a case discussed by Helmholtz (Sensations of Tone, app. xvi.) where the two sources are reeds or pipes blown from the same wind-chest.

This had two arched ribs formed by the cast iron pipes through which the water passed.

The pipes were 4 ft.

Remains of crag deposits lie in pipes in the chalk near Lenham.

But in 1906 an English company received a concession to bring water by pipes from springs on the Turba co hills, 300 ft.

The of tencited poems attributed to Nezahualcoyotl may not be quite genuine, but at any rate poetry had risen above the barbaric level, while the mention of ballads among the people, court odes, and the chants of temple choirs would indicate a vocal cultivation above that of the instrumental music of drums and horns, pipes and whistles, the latter often of pottery.

Other important manufactures were furniture, ships and boats, railway cars (the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound and the Northern Pacific systems having shops here), engines, machinery, shoes, water pipes, preserves and beer.

Mt Taylor in western New Mexico is of similar age, but here dissection seems to have advanced farther, probably because of the weaker nature of the underlying rocks, with the result of removing the smaller cones and exposing many lava conduits or pipes in the form of volcanic necks or buttes.

A steam heating plant pipes heat to many shops, offices and residences.

The lighter oil is conveyed to Batum on the Black Sea in pipes, and is there shipped for export; the heavier oils reach the same port and the ports of Novorossiysk and Poti, also on the Black Sea, in tank railway-cars.

The water-supply from Palanduken is distributed by wooden pipes to numerous public fountains.

Artificial heat applied to the roots, called by gardeners " bottom-heat," is supplied by fermenting materials such as stable manure, leaves, &c., or by hot-water pipes.

Iron pipes are the best conductors; they should lead to a capacious open reservoir placed outside the garden, and at the highest convenient level, in order to secure sufficient pressure for effective distribution, and so that the wall trees also may be effectually washed.

Pipes should also be laid having a connexion with all the various greenhouses and forcing-houses, each of which should be provided with a cistern for aerating the daily supplies.

Three or four rows of flow and return pipes respectively will be required on each side, according to the heat proposed to be maintained.

Two or three hot-water pipes are placed near the front wall.

As a very high temperature is not required, two or three pipes running the whole length of the house will suffice.

Heating is effected by means of hot-water pipes below the beds, and against the side ventilators.

Side pipes are occasionally dispensed with, heat being obtained by means of slots at the back of the beds, communicating with the chambers.

It is better, however, to effect both top and bottom heating by hot-water pipes.

When heat is required, it is sometimes supplied by means of fermenting dung, or dung and leaves, or tanner's bark, but it is much more economically provided by hot-water pipes.

Plant houses were formerly heated in a variety of ways - by fermenting organic matter, such as dung, by smoke flues, by steam and by hot water circulating in iron pipes.

The water is heated by a furnace, and is conveyed from the boiler into the houses by a main or " flow " pipe, connected by means of syphon branches with as many pipes as it is intended to serve.

Heat is regulated in the structures by means of valves on the various branch pipes.

The highest points of the pipes are fitted with small taps, for the removal of air, which would retard circulation if allowed to remain.

In view of the fact that air expands, becomes lighter and rises, under the influence of heat, the pipes should be set near the floor.

These have usually to be excavated to admit of the boilers being set below the level of the pipes they are intended to serve.

Paint the hot-water pipes with sulphur mixture, as recommended in January.

Another plan in the greenhouse is to dash water on the pipes or flues, which causes steam to rise to the glass and freeze there, stopping up all the crevices.

The crude oil is conveyed in pipes to Aru Bay, on the east coast, and refined in the island of Sembilan.

Other branches of industry include carpet-weaving at Deventer, the distillation of brandy, gin and liqueurs at Schiedam, Rotterdam and Amsterdam, and beer-brewing in most of the principal towns; shoe-making and leather-tanning in the Langstraat district of North Brabant; paper-making at Apeldoorn, on the Zaan, and in Limburg; the manufacture of earthenware and faience at Maastricht, the Hague and Delft, as well as at Utrecht, Purmerend and Makkum; clay pipes and stearine candles at Gouda; margarine at Osch; chocolate at Weesp and on the Zaan; mat-plaiting and broom-making at Genemuiden and Blokzyl; diamondcutting and the manufacture of quinine at Amsterdam; and the making of cigars and snuff at Eindhoven, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Kampen, &c. Shipbuilding is of no small importance in Holland, not only in the greater, but also in the smaller towns along the rivers and canals.

This heating was formerly done by burning part of the gases, after their escape from the furnace top, in a large combustion chamber, around a series of cast iron pipes through which the blast passed on its way from the blowing engine to the tuyeres.

The walls, therefore, are now made thin, and are thoroughly cooled by water, which circulates through pipes or boxes bedded in them.

In making castings of steel this same difficulty arises; and much of the steel-founder's skill consists either in preventing these pipes, or in so placing them that they shall not occur in the finished casting, or at least not in a harmful position.

Aeolotachic contraction further leads to the " pipes " or contraction cavities already described in § 121, and the procedure must be carefully planned first so as to reduce these to a minimum, and second so as to induce them to form either in those parts of the casting which are going to be cut off and re-melted, or where they will do little harm.

As soon as a hot billet A is withdrawn by pushing it endwise out of the exit door B, the whole row is pushed forward by a set of mechanical pushers C, the billets sliding on the raised water-cooled pipes D, and, in the hotter part of the furnace, on the magnesite bricks E, on which iron slides easily when red-hot.

There is a regulating arrangement, by which onehalf of the guide-passages can be shut off in pairs from the water, and at the same time air is freely admitted into these unused passages by pipes which pass through the hinges of the controlling shutter.

But by far the largest of all the pipes hitherto discovered is the Premier Section Or Kimberley Mine mine in the Transvaal, about 300 m.

Comparatively few of the pipes which have been discovered are at all rich in diamonds, and many are quite barren; some are filled with " hard blue " which even if diamantiferous may be too expensive to work.

With the true pipes are associated dykes and fissures also filled with diamantiferous blue ground.

It is only in the more northerly part of the country that the pipes are filled with blue ground (or " kimberlite "), and that they are diamantiferous; but over a great part of Cape Colony have been discovered what are probably similar pipes filled with agglomerates, breccias and tuffs, and some with basic lavas; one, in particular, in the Riversdale Division near the southern coast, being occupied by a melilite-basalt.

African pipes is quite different from the occurrences in alluvial deposits which have been described above.

The stones, however, are good; since they differ somewhat from the Kimberley crystals it is probable that they were not derived from the present pipes.

Finally there is the remarkable occurrence in the blue ground of the African pipes.

The Kimberley shales, which are penetrated by the De Beers group of pipes, were, however, certainly not the source of the carbon at the Premier (Transvaal) mine, for at this locality the shales do not exist.

Cohen, who regarded the pipes as of the nature of a mud volcano, and the blue ground as a kimberlite breccia altered by hydrothermal action, thought that the diamond and accompanying minerals had been brought up from deep-seated crystalline schists.

It has manufactures of wire, leaden pipes and other metal goods, cement, sugar, &c.

Natural gas is produced in the counties of Welland and Essex, and exported in pipes to Buffalo and Detroit.

In 1899, wine was exported to the value of more than £120,000, while in 1906, 24,080 pipes of the value of £361,200 were shipped.

C. i treats of the finding of good water; c. 2 of rainwater and rivers - rivers in various countries; c. 3 of hot springs, mineral waters, with an account of the chief medicinal springs of the world; c. 4 of selection of water by observation and experiment; c. 5 of instruments for levelling used by aqueduct engineers; c. 6 of construction of aqueducts, pipes of lead, clay, &c., and other matter on the subject of water-supply.

These interior landslips, besides choking the pipes and breaking the communication, often produce sinkings at the surface.

It is also employed for the building of light bridges, floors, and pipes constructed of cement mortar disposed round a skeleton of iron rods.

The mixture of hydrochloric acid and air is taken directly from the " decomposing-pan " of an ordinary salt-cake furnace, is first cooled down in pipes sufficiently to condense most of the moisture present 1 ?i; \'\` (together with about 8% of the hydrochloric acid), and then passed through a cast-iron superheater and from this into the " decomposer."

It consists of a number of tanks or " vats," placed at the same level and connected by pipes which reach nearly to the bottom of one tank and open out at the top into the next tank.

The vats are also provided with false bottoms, outlet cocks, steam pipes and so forth.

In this apparatus only the first of the pans is heated directly, usually by means of ordinary boilersteam circulating round a number of pipes, containing the liquid to be concentrated.

The steam rising from the latter is passed into a similar pan, in which it circulates round another set of pipes, but as it could not bring the liquid in the latter to boil under ordinary conditions, the second pan is connected with a vacuum-pump so that the boiling-point of the liquid in this pan is lowered.

Nicola (now suppressed), the buildings of which occupy an area of about 21 acres and contain the museum, a library, observatory, &c. The church, dating, like the rest of the buildings, from 16 931 735, is the largest in Sicily, and the organ, built in 1760 by Donato del Piano, with 72 stops and 2916 pipes, is very fine.

In automatic fire-sprinklers the orifices of the pipes are closed with fusible metal, which melts and liberates the water when, owing to an outbreak of fire in the room, the temperature rises above a predetermined limit.

They flow from the castle rock at the rate of 90 gallons per minute, and the water is conveyed through the town in pipes to supply the different baths.

At the top of A is a cooler (C) consisting of pipes through which cold water is made to circulate.

The piston (B) descends, and the air, now in contact with the cooling pipes (C), gives up heat to them.

In this method tremendous blasts of powder, sometimes twenty-five or even fifty tons, were used to loosen the gravel, which was then acted on by the jet of water thrown from the " pipes."

This is a square stone vessel of considerable size made to hold up to fifteen pipes (the pipe equals 115 gallons) of wine.

When this is reached the wine is drawn from the lagar over a strainer or some similar arrangement into vats yielding from five to thirty pipes.

The former first made its appearance about the middle of the 19th century, and reached a climax in 1856, when only about 15,000 pipes, that is, about onesixth of the usual quantity, was vintaged.

In consequence of this, the exportation of port dropped from over 40,000 pipes in 1856 to about 16,000 pipes in 1858.

Thus in the year 1864 there were exported to Great Britain 29,942 pipes and to the rest of the world 5 6 77 pipes.

At the present time the average production of the Alto Douro is about 50,000 pipes.

During the last decade it was at a maximum in 1904, when 70,000 pipes were produced, and at a minimum in 1903, when only 18,000 pipes were obtained.

The output in 1906 amounted to 10,000 pipes (Madeira pipe =92 gallons) and the export to 6010 pipes, of which quantity 1951 pipes went to Germany, 1680 pipes to France, 796 pipes to Russia and 755 pipes to the United Kingdom.

Thus in parts of California, where high temperatures are liable to prevail during the vintage, the system - first employed in Algeria - of cooling the must during fermentation to the proper temperature by means of a series of pipes in which iced water circulates is now largely employed.

In it the cooling is effected by water pipes, interposed horizontally between the layers of bricks.

Chester has a large shipbuilding industry, and manufactories of cotton and worsted goods, iron and steel, the steel-casting industry being especially important, and large quantities of wrought iron and steel pipes being manufactured.

The water of its upper course and tributaries is sweet, and is conducted across the desert in pipes to some of the coast towns, but in its lower course, as in all the rivers of this region, it becomes brackish.

Tobacco of two kinds, one the tumbaku (Nicoliana persica, Lindl.), for water pipes, the other the tutun (Nicoliana ruslica, L.), for ordinary pipes and cigarettes, is much cultivated.

Bows are made of it by the union of two pieces with many bands; and, the septa being bored out and the lengths joined together, it is employed, as we use leaden pipes, in transmitting water to reservoirs or gardens.

Burlington's principal industries are the manufacture of shoes and cast-iron water and gas pipes.

It rushes out from the hillside and is received in a covered masonry canal, whence it flows in large iron pipes till it reaches five enormous reservoirs constructed just opposite to the entrance gates of the royal palace at Capodimonte.

The temperature is now raised to a white heat, and the product led by malleable iron pipes into condensing troughs containing water, when it condenses.

For centuries Khotan was famous for jade or nephrite, a semi-precious stone greatly esteemed by the Chinese for making small fancy boxes, bottles and cups, mouthpieces for pipes, bracelets, &c. The stone is still exported to China.

Deep wells owe their comparative immunity from pollution to the circumstances that the larger quantity of water yielded renders it worth while to pump that water and convey it by pipes from comparatively unpolluted areas; and that any impurities in the water must have passed through a considerable depth, and by far the larger part of them through a great length of filtering material, and must have taken so long a time to reach the well that their organic character has disappeared.

A brown slimy sediment, having the appearance of coffee grounds when placed in clear water, has been long observed in pipes conveying surface waters from mountain moorlands.

The deposit grows on the sides of the pipes and accumulates at the bottom, and causes most serious obstruction to the flow of water.

The chemists and bacteriologists do not appear to have finally determined the true nature and origin of this growth, but it is found in the impounded waters, and passes into the pipes, where it rapidly increases.

Even the growth of the well-known nodular incrustations in iron pipes is much reduced by sand filtration.

More rarely the action is continuous, and the water after being passed through lead cisterns and pipes produces lead poisoning - so called " plumbism."

Inter- cast-lead pipes, but they were regarded as luxuries, mittent supply, not as necessaries, and gave way to cheaper conduits made, as pump barrels had long been made, by boring out tree trunks, which are occasionally dug up in a good state of preservation.

This use of tree-trunks as pipes is still common in the wooded mountain districts of Europe.

Thus it happened that pipes and joints intended for a low-pressure supply were subjected, not only to high pressure, but to the trying ordeal of suddenly varying pressures.

But even in entirely new distributing systems the network is so extensive, and the number of joints so great, that the aggregate leakage is always considerable; the greatest loss being at the so-called " ferrules " connecting the mains with the house " communication " or " service " pipes, in the lead pipes, and in the household fittings.

Imagine a hilly town with a high-pressure water supply, the water issuing at numerous points, sometimes only in exceedingly small veins, from the pipes into the sub-soil.

It is therefore of supreme importance that the pressure should be constantly maintained, and to that end, in the best-managed waterworks the supply is not now cut off even for the purpose of connecting house-service pipes, an apparatus being employed by which this is done under pressure.

Accordingly, in some places large sections of the mains and service pipes were entirely renewed, Constant and the water consumers were put to great expense in supply.

But this did not obviate the necessity for house - to-house inspection, and although the number of different points at which leakage occurred was still great, it was always small in relation to the number of houses which were necessarily entered by the inspector; moreover, when the best had been done that possibly could be done to suppress leakage due to domestic fittings, the leakage below ground in the mains, ferrules and service pipes still remained, and was often very great.

He finds, for example, from the diagram that the initial leakage of 2000 gallons an hour has in the course of a 41 hours' night inspection fallen to 400 gallons an hour, and that the 1600 gallons an hour is accounted for by Distribution The earliest water supplies in Great Britain were generally distributed at low pressure by wooden pipes or stone or brick conduits.

The system, however, does not assist in the detection of the leakage which inevitably occurs between the reservoir and the consumer's meter; thus the whole of the mains, joints and ferrules connecting the service pipes with the mains, and the greater parts of the service pipes, are still exposed to leakage without any compensating return to the water authority.

In an impervious clay the flow of the water is much impeded and the water-table can be controlled only by frequent lines of pipes.

There are various forms of under-drainage, some of them alluded to in the historical section below, but by far the commonest is by means of cylindrical or oval pipes of burnt clay about 1 ft.

Pipes vary in bore from z in.

In constructing a drain, it is of importance that the bottom be cut out just wide enough to admit the pipes and no more.

Pipes, when accurately fitted in, are much less liable to derangement than when laid in the bottom of a trench several times their width, into which a mass of loose earth must necessarily be returned.

The tile-hook is an implement by means of which the pipes may be lowered from the edge of the trench and laid at the bottom.

A thoroughly trustworthy and experienced workman should be selected to lay the pipes, with instructions to set no pipes until he is satisfied that the depth of the drains and level of the bottoms are correct.

The substitution of cylindrical pipes for the original horse-shoe tiles has still further lowered the cost and increased the efficiency and permanency of drainage works.

I, Steam engine and stone E, Cooling pipes for Gloverbreaker for breaking up tower acid.

The elliptical Tabernacle (5870) has a rounded, turtle-shell shaped roof, unsupported by pillars or beams, seats nearly 10,000, and has a large pipe organ (5000 pipes).

In private houses it found its way more slowly, partly from an apprehension of danger attending its use, and partly from the discomfort which was experienced in many cases through the gas being distributed without purification, and to the careless and imperfect manner in which the service pipes were first fitted.

The formation of the second class of bodies is a great loss to the gas manufacturer, as, with the exception of the trace of benzene carried with the gas as vapour, these products are not only useless in the gas, but one of them, naphthalene, is a serious trouble, because any trace carried forward by the gas condenses with sudden changes of temperature, and causes obstructions in the service pipes, whilst their presence in the tar means the loss of a very large proportion of the illuminating constituents of the gas.

Ascension pipes give trouble unless they are frequently cleared by an instrument called an "auger," whilst the arch pipe is fitted with hand holes through which it may be easily cleared in case of stoppage.

In the former case the gas traverses pipes exposed to the atmosphere and so placed that the resulting products of condensation may be collected at the lowest point.

In water-cooled condensers it is usual to arrange that the water passes through a large number of small pipes contained in a larger one through which the gas flows, and as it constantly happened that condenser pipes became choked by naphthalene, the so-called reversible condenser, in which the stream of gas may be altered from time to time and the walls of the pipes cleaned by pumping tar over them, is a decided advance.

If the first method be adopted, the trouble which presents itself is that the tar contains a high percentage of pitch, which tends rapidly to choke and clog up all the pipes.

Among others are the manufacture of cigars, cement pipes, iron-ware and machines, alabaster ware, shoes, leather, &c., cabinet-making, brewing, granite quarrying and working, tile-making, and sawand corn-milling.

In irrigation they showed skill, draining their fields with built watercourses and bamboo pipes.

Rosenheim is frequented for its saline and sulphur baths, and there are important saltworks, the brine being conveyed from Reichenhall in pipes; it has also machine factories, metalworks and breweries.

The clay is partly manufactured into pipes in the town, but the greater proportion finds its way to Europe and especially to Germany.

A diatomaceous earth in central Nebraska, occurring especially in the region of Loup, is a good polishing powder, and is used for packing steam pipes.

The town is connected by rail with the main Transcaucasian railway to Tiflis, and is the chief port for the export of naphtha and paraffin oil, carried hither in great part through pipes laid down from Baku, but partly also in tank railway-cars; other exports are wheat, manganese, wool, silkworm-cocoons, liquorice, maize and timber (total value of exports nearly 52 millions sterling annually).

In some machines used in the United States the cold air is not discharged into the rooms but is worked in a closed cycle, the rooms being cooled by means of overhead pipes through which the cold expanded air passes on its way back to the compressor.

With liquid machines of the compression and absorption system, the rooms are either cooled by means of cold pipes or surfaces placed in them, or by a circulation of air cooled in an apparatus separated from the rooms. The cold pipes may be direct-expansion pipes in which the liquid evaporates, or they may be pipes or walls through which circulates an uncongealable brine previously cooled to the desired temperature.

The pipes are placed on the ceilings or sides according to circumstances, but they must be arranged so as to induce a circulation of air throughout the compartment and ensure every part being cooled.

In some coolers the cooling surfaces consist of direct-expansion pipes placed in clusters of convenient form; in others brine pipes are used; in others there is a shower of cold brine, and in some cases combinations of cold pipes and brine showers.

Whether pipes in the rooms or air circulation give the best results is to some extent a matter of opinion, but at the present time the tendency is decidedly in favour of air circulation, at any rate for general cold storage purposes.

The holds of meat-carrying vessels are refrigerated either by cold air circulation or by brine pipes.

Owing to the conditions of the work, which require the maintenance of a sensibly reducing atmosphere, they contain a very notable proportion of carbonic oxide, and are drawn off by large wrought iron tubes near the top of the furnace and conveyed by branch pipes to the different boilers and air-heating apparatus, which are now entirely heated by the combustion of such gases, or mixed with air and exploded in gas engines.

The pipes are carried on a 100 year old multi-span bridge, consisting of an elaborate steel superstructure on masonry abutments and piers.

The spikes can be glued onto window cills, pipes or ledges using a building grade silicone adhesive.

There's nothing worse than a real ale which has sat in the pipes or gone off due to neglect.

The original five arched aqueduct has been replaced by three large rusty pipes which maintain the water supply to the rest of the canal.

Scottish bagpipeS The highland pipes are the best known of several types of Scottish bagpipe, and are very loud and powerful instruments.

An interactive activity where you can use a beater to strike a series of different sized pipes to hear the different sounds produced.

Copper pipes are not flexible enough to bend without kinking, without the use of a pipe bending spring or pipe bender.

They also have boatswain 's pipes worn on a silver chain around their necks.

Oh yeah head shop selling bongs, pipes, scales, dutch cannabis seeds, lights hydroponics books and scales.

They are designed to add mass and reduce noise breakout from pipes, ducts and other equipment.

The dredging ships use large suction pipes similar to vacuum cleaners to suck sand up from the banks.

He enjoys reading, fishing, smoking his pipes and cigars, vodka cocktails and good food!

Equally media commentators have been quick to demand Thames repair more pipes faster.

The pipes to the oil cooler come off near the filter housing.

Its short exhaust pipes spat fumes and oil in the pilots face and on some occasions even ignited the planes fabric covering.

The sporting credentials are topped in this model - the Sport 250 - by twin tail pipes.

But wait -- I'm in a dark wood den filled with old men smoking pipes and playing cribbage.

The pipes at the front are the 16ft open metal diapasons.

In November they installed three manholes and the interconnecting pipes for the sewer diversion to be completed after the pound is lowered.

The six-inch pipes are one inch thick " The system covers an area from Kensington in the west to the east End docklands.

Reduce heat losses by fitting a hot water tank jacket, insulating hot water pipes and consider installing double-glazing.

I imagined they were responding to some report of a blocked drain, by sucking out the underground pipes along the road.

But sadly he had a major plumbing fiasco, where pipes cracked and flooded his house.

It plays well at this pitch with a special reed that I have developed, using fingering similar to the Highland pipes.

On the ground floor the heating pipes are set into screed under the solid wood floorboards.

Single pipes are usually set at " A " with a frequency of 440Hz which matches the fifth fret of the first string.

Levels in Beacon East fluctuating depending on flow in stream varying from approx 4 ' deep to pipes nearly full to top.

Gas pipes within the block, up to but not including the gas meter.

Fires can be cause in this way and rats can even gnaw through pipes, causing flooding.

They should not be stored near radiators, stoves, steam pipes or in areas subject to excessive heat or dampness.

The pipes at the start of the run are to be raised three inches to minimize the ingress of silt.

This extra stuff sticking out was not the tail and nose sections of a conventional jetliner, but more like booms and pipes.

If separation of the continents occurred before kimberlite intrusion in Africa, then the Falklands would be unlikely to have diamond-bearing kimberlite intrusion in Africa, then the Falklands would be unlikely to have diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes.

He worked dismantling pipes lagged with asbestos and on land removing asbestos lagged with asbestos and on land removing asbestos lagging.

He worked dismantling pipes lagged with asbestos and on land removing asbestos lagging.

The twelfth has been increased in scale by two pipes and somewhat loudened.

Pipes wailed hauntingly through the glen as folks settled down to their evenings of dance, feasting and general merry making.

Goring reported problems with blocked waste pipes to the Pavilion, which did not have the necessary manhole covers on them.

Morse code were being tapped out on the steel pipes running along the ship.

Sinuous, big-bore stainless steel header pipes flow into a tuned large volume muffler.

A particularly noteworthy feature at the site is the network of interlocking clay pipes which carried fresh water supplies around the abbey.

He had with him one of his wooden flue pipes, orchestral oboe.

I have taken the step of making my border pipes with a common major scale with a range of one and a half octaves.

Note the provision of an extra octave of treble pipes to most of the organ, for use with the octave of treble pipes to most of the organ, for use with the octave couplers.

I had seen a photo of three large men wrapped in luxurious towels, smoking pipes in extremely opulent surroundings.

Screen and silly little leather panniers followed the pipes onto the America.

There are also a number of small pillboxes made of sewer pipes around perimeter of the site.

The floor was covered in about an inch of water but there was no sign of leaking pipes.

For systems without a tank stat, it is vital to insulate the pipes adjacent to the tank that feed the heating coil.

Concealed perforated pipes hidden below the water line would have spewed gasoline and then the floating fuel would have been ignited.

Gordon also mentions that frozen water supply pipes were a problem.

A number of clay pipes are among the finds.

Like the great, the sixteen top notes of the clarion are composed of flue pipes.

I would have hoped your tenants would be sensible enough not to want burst pipes damaging their goods.

Has the plasterwork been neatly finished off around pipes, light switches, electric sockets etc.

The history of the trios instrumentation reflects the increasing variety of pipes that I have developed and our musical arrangements are essentially polyphonic.

The octave quint which stands on the former harmonic flute slide is the old fifteenth, with five extra pipes at the bottom.

Trevor has found some rad pipes, so hopefully one of those will fit the other good rad I have.

Don't connect waste pipes to drains which collect rainwater from your roof or paths.

Rising main Pipes carrying untreated sewage pumped under pressure.

London's Victorian sewers A modern sewer system has two sewer pipes.

Similarly, American sheep raising did not provide a suitable setting for shepherds ' pipes or for beautiful shepherdesses dancing on the green.

Using full 18/8 grade headers or pipes matched to an impeccably styled sports silencer, these are the definitive sports tourer systems.

Away in the distance we could hear the skirl of the bag pipes getting louder.

If I don't use the hydrotherapy spa for a while, will water in the pipes go foul?

The pipes to the rear of the building are made from plastic sprue.

These pipes lead to a network of small pipes that ended in the trailing edges of the wings and horizontal stabilizers.

I have since been diagnosed with a ureteric stricture, which is scarring to the kidney pipes.

Using a sharp knife or half round file remove the swarf from inside the ends of the pipes.

Put duct tape on all exposed pipes to prevent anything from getting into them.

Pipes and cigar tobacco contain a higher concentration of sulfur that produces stronger bad breath.

It may even have been a smoking room, for some early clay tobacco pipes were found in the moat.

The props on Comer's desk include period pipes, maps, and a walrus tusk.

Ventilation was provided by a network of four inch diameter glazed drainage pipes that came to the surface within the surrounding undergrowth.

Blow out all return jet pipes using an air compressor or shop vac.

Combining Wastes from Ranges of Washbasins A 50mm waste pipe is normally used to connect the waste pipes from several washbasins together.

Other tips include appointing a water monitor, sorting out dripping taps and insulating water pipes.

As the house is Georgian, I am fairly sure that I will have lead water pipes.

When installing copper drinking water pipes, lead-free solder should be used.

Note to anyone else wanting to use water pipes as Earth.

All exposed water pipes can be readily protected by sleeving with pipe insulation.

A severe frost on Christmas morning 1962 froze many water pipes.

Before working on the hot water pipes, switch off the boiler and immersion heater.

These two checks demonstrate that the cold water pipes are being heated at some point in the property.

Only twelve months ago the building had no central heating, burst water pipes and wasn't decorated.

Wholegrain cereals are also good sources, and copper water pipes may also contribute to copper intake in some areas.

I took his set up and tried to weld ma wee brackets for the pipes above his sleeping head.

Unsurprisingly, there's a sense of unease, bordering on disgust when she pipes up with a few ill-judged, uninvited witticisms.

On the other side, various tubes, pipes and recycled containers make a giant xylophone.

In the former he developed a valuable method for the investigation of aerial waves within pipes, based on the fact that a finely divided powder - lycopodium, for example - when dusted over the interior of a tube in which is established a vibrating column of air, tends to collect in heaps at the nodes, the distance between which can thus be ascertained.

What happened at Durham was that at some subsequent date the pipes were shifted up a semitone to bring the organ into conformity with this lower pitch, with which it is probable Schmidt's organs in St Paul's and the Temple, and also Trinity College, Cambridge, agreed.

The house branches pipes are I Z in.

The pressure is conveyed to the crane by means of j ointed " walking " pipes, or flexible hose, connected to hydrants placed at regular intervals along the quay.

Amber is extensively used for beads and other trivial ornaments, and for cigar-holders and the mouth-pieces of pipes.

Eytelwein (1764-1848) of Berlin, who published in 1801 a valuable compendium of hydraulics entitled Handbuch der Mechanik and der Hydraulik, investigated the subject of the discharge of water by compound pipes, the motions of jets and their impulses against plane and oblique surfaces; and he showed theoretically that a waterwheel will have its maximum effect when its circumference moves with half the velocity of the stream.

For the vibration of air in other cavities than long cylindrical pipes we refer to Rayleigh's Sound, vol.

This solution is saturated with ammonia, produced in the recovery plant (see below), in vessels provided with mechanical agitators and strongly cooled by coils of pipes through which cold water is made to flow.

The Italian tradition is that the shepherds played on these pipes when they came to the manger at Bethlehem to do homage to the Saviour.