Mogul Sentence Examples

In this camp life Aurangzeb may be taken as representative of one aspect of the Mogul rule, which has been picturesquely described by European travellers of that day.

On the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the decline of the Mogul empire set in with extraordinary rapidity.

Thenceforth the Great Mogul became a mere name, though the hereditary succession continued unbroken down to the time of the Mutiny.

Shah Alam, the lineal heir of the Mogul line, was thus permitted to ascend the throne of Delhi, where he lived during the great part of a long life as a puppet in the hands of Mahadji Sindhia.

Thus ended the Mogul line, after a history which covers three hundred and thirty years.

Neither Mogul nor Mahratta had yet appeared above the political horizon.

In 1505 a large fleet of twenty sail and fifteen hundred men was Decline of Mogul Empire.

At length Story settled down as a shopkeeper at Goa, Leedes entered the service of the Great Mogul, Newbery died on his way home overland, and Fitch, after a lengthened peregrination in Bengal, Pegu, Siam and other parts of the East Indies, returned to England.

In 1616 the Dutch began to compete with the English at Surat, and their piracies against native vessels led to the Mogul governor seizing English warehouses; but soon the native authorities learnt to discriminate between the different European nations, and the unscrupulous methods of the Dutch cast them into disfavour.

In 1651 the English reached Hugli, which was at that time the chief port of Bengal; about that year Gabriel Boughton, a surgeon, obtained from the Mogul viceroy permission for the English to trade in Bengal.

In 1682 Sir Josiah Child at home and Sir John Child in India formed a combination, which recognized that in the struggle between the Mogul and the Mahrattas the English must meet force with force; and in 1687 Bombay supplanted Surat as the chief seat of the English in India.

In 1679 the English obtained from the Mogul emperor a firman exempting them from dues everywhere except at Surat; but Shaista Khan refused to recognize the document, and on the 14th of January 1686 the court of directors resolved to have recourse to arms to effect what they could not obtain by treaty.

At this time Job Charnock was the chief of the Bengal council, and, owing to an affray with the Mogul troops at Hugli on the 28th of October 1686, he embarked the company's goods and servants on board light vessels and dropped down the on the 31st of December 1600, and the first expedition of four ships under James Lancaster left Torbay towards the end of April 1601, and reached Achin in Sumatra on the 5th of June 16.02, returning with a cargo of spices.

On the 8th of November 1688 Captain Heath arrived with orders from England, and took away Charnock against his will; but after peace was restored between the Mogul emperor and the company in February 1690, Charnock returned to Calcutta for the third and last time on the 24th of August of that year.

As the result of the war with the Mogul empire, which lasted from 1686 to 1690, the company perceived that a land war was beyond their strength, but their sea-power could obtain them terms by blockading the customs ports and threatening the pilgrim route to Mecca.

During this first period of their dealings with India the aims of the British were purely those of traders, without any aspirations to military power or territorial aggrandizement; but in the period that followed, the gradual decay of the Mogul empire from within, and the consequent anarchy, forced the English to take up arms in their own defence, and triumphing over one enemy after another they found themselves at last in the place of the Moguls.

They paid their annual rent of 1200 pagodas (say £50o) to the deputies of the Mogul empire when Aurangzeb annexed the south, and on two several occasions bought off a besieging army with a heavy bribe.

Clive, again following in the steps of Dupleix, placed his nominee, Mir Jafar, upon the masnad at Murshidabad, being careful to obtain a patent of investiture from the Mogul court.

At that time also Clive was enrolled among the nobility of the Mogul empire, with the rank of commander of 6000 foot and 5000 horse.

This was quelled by Major (afterwards Sir Hector) Munro, who ordered twenty-four of the ringleaders to be blown from guns, an old Mogul punishment.

In 1764 Major Munro won the decisive battle of Buxar, which laid Oudh at the feet of the conquerors, and brought the Mogul emperor as a suppliant to the British camp.

First, he sought to acquire the substance, though not the name, of territorial power, by using the authority of the Mogul emperor for so much as he wished, and for no more; and, secondly, he desired to purify the company's service by prohibiting illicit gains, and at the same time guaranteeing a reasonable remuneration from honest sources.

Up to this time the revenue had been collected pretty much according to the old Mogul system.

He won pitched battles at Aligarh and Laswari, and captured the cities of Delhi and Agra, thus scattering the French troops of Sindhia, and at the same time coming forward as the champion of the Mogul emperor in his hereditary capital.

On the 1st of January 1877 Queen Victoria was proclaimed empress of India at a durbar of great magnificence, held on the historic "Ridge" overlooking the Mogul capital Delhi.

The wearing of whiskers while shaving the chin was a Mogul fashion of the 17th and 18th centuries and is now seldom seen except among Deccani Mahommedans.

The Mogul court of Delhi, especially during the reign of Mahommed Shah, nicknamed Rangila or the " dandy," greatly influenced change in these matters.

In 1765, after the battle of Buxar, when the nawab of Oudh had been decisively defeated and Shah Alam, the Mogul emperor, was a suppliant in the British camp, Lord Clive was content to claim no acquisition of territory.

With the firm establishment of the Mogul empire peace was restored, the most permanent effect of this period being the large proportion of Mussulmans among the population, due to the zeal of Aurangzeb.

The decline of the Mogul empire gave free play to the turbulent spirit of the Jats and Gujars, many of whose chieftains succeeded in carving out petty principalities for themselves at the expense of their neighbours.

When Akbar ascended the throne, only a small portion of what had formerly been comprised within the Mogul empire owned his authority, and he devoted himself with great determination and success to the recovery of the revolted provinces.

In 1765 Lord Clive obtained from the Mogul emperor Shah Alam a grant of the five Circars.

The greater part of the population of Central India is of the Hindu religion, but a few Mahommedan groups still exist, either traces of the days when the Mogul emperors extended their sway from the Punjab to the Deccan, or else the descendants of those northern adventurers who hired out their services to the great Mahratta generals.

With this object he formed a national party among the Hindus of the Deccan, and opposed in turn the vassal power of Bijapur and the imperial armies of the Mogul of Delhi.

In 1666 he visited the Mogul emperor, Aurangzeb, at Delhi,.

Subsequently it became the capital of the Mogul conquests in the south of India.

Assam was the province of Bengal which remained most stubbornly outside the limits of the Mogul empire and of the Mahommedan polity in India.

On the other side Kandahar, which Tahmasps lieutenant had yiclded to the Great Mogul, was recovered from that potentate in 1609.

Nadir had sent an ambassador into Hindustan requesting the Mogul emperor to order the surrender of certain unruly Afghans who had taken refuge within Indian tern- Invasion of India.

It is famous for containing the most perfect specimens of Mogul architecture.

That of Humayun, the second of the Mogul dynasty, is a noble building of rose-coloured sandstone inlaid with white marble.

The Mogul empire rapidly expanded during the reigns of Akbar and his successors down to Aurungzeb, when it attained its climax.

Three years later the Persian monarch, Nadir Shah, after defeating the Mogul army at Karnal, entered Delhi in triumph.

The kingdom had been for some time rapidly falling to ruin, and in 1686 the Mogul emperor Aurangzeb, who as Shah Jahan's general had unsuccessfully besieged the city under Mahommed Adil Shah, took Bijapur and annexed the kingdom to the Delhi empire.

The opium monopoly was the property of the Great Mogul and was regularly sold.

In 1686 the English merchants at Hugli under Charnock's leadership, finding themselves compelled to quit their factory in consequence of a rupture with the Mogul authorities, retreated about 26 m.

But when the mutineers reached Delhi they were at once joined by the city mob and the king's guards in proclaiming a revival of the Mogul empire.

They consist largely of the original inhabitants of the country, who were proselytized by the successive Pathan and Mogul invasions.

On the overthrow of this house by the powerful arms of Akbar, Bengal was incorporated into the Mogul empire, and administered by governors appointed by the Delhi emperor, until the treaties of 1765, which placed Bengal, Behar and Orissa under the administration of the East India Company.

In 1685, the Bengal factors, driven to extremity by the oppression of the Mogul governors, threw down the gauntlet; and after various successes and hairbreadth escapes, purchased from the grandson of Aurangzeb, in 1696, the villages which have since grown up into Calcutta, the metropolis of India.

During the next fifty years the British had a long and hazardous struggle alike with the Mogul governors of the province and the Mahratta armies which invaded it.

It was thus applied, and is still applied, to the rulers of China and Japan; it was attributed to the Mogul sovereigns of India; and since 1876 it has been used by British monarchs in their capacity of sovereigns of India (Kaiser-i-Hind) .2 Since the French Revolution and during the course of the 19th century the term emperor has had an eventful history.

From Meerut the mutineers, after some acts of outrage and murder, moved on Delhi, the capital of the old Mogul empire, which became the headquarters of the mutiny.

It is probable that the invader Baber (who has much to say about Bajour) fought them there in the early years of the 26th century, when on his way to found the Mogul dynasty of India centuries after Buddhism has been crushed in northern India by the destroyer Mahmud.

Being besieged there by the Mogul viceroy of Bengal, he put the company's goods and servants on board his light vessels and dropped down the river 27 m.

Finally India learned the art from the Persian weavers, developing a style to suit the tastes of their mogul emperors.

Becoming an online media mogul Which looks at the advantages offered by streaming media and assesses the potential for their application in training.

Jay-Z's lawyer says the hip hop mogul plans to file new counter claims.

Spain is in line in football the meatpacking mogul differently about things.

Play as Fry, Bender and Leela to save the Earth from the clutches of evil corporate mogul, Mom.

He is a very powerful media mogul who worked his way up through the carpet industry to get where he is today.

The system's basics to hit trillion the media mogul time spent at.

The rap mogul is currently in the UK promoting the release of his new single ' Come to Me ' .

Students from across the boro swapped their half term break to find out what its like to be a movie mogul.

Here, he finds the perfect site for Mogul's new refinery.

Advanced Possibly limited tho there are some testing mogul runs and good off-piste and trips to the neighboring resort of Arcalis.

The regular Mogul stars are joined tonight by Ronald Fraser in a brilliant performance which is both immensely funny and deeply tragic.

Damaji Gaekwar descended from the Western Ghats upon the alluvial plains of Gujarat around Baroda; Tukoji Holkar subdued the uplands of Malwa beyond the Vindhya range on the north bank of the Nerbudda; and Mahadji Sindhia obtained possession of large tracts immediately south of Agra and Delhi, marched into Hindustan and became virtually the master of the Mogul emperor himself (see GwAL10R).

But this Mogul visitation was most calamitous; forty persons, indeed, are stated to have alone survived the general massacre of 1232, and as a similar catastrophe overtook the city at the hands of Timur in 1398, when the local dynasty of Kurt, which had succeeded the Ghorides in eastern Khorasan, was put an end to, it is astonishing to find that early in the 15th century Herat was again flourishing and populous, and the favoured seat of the art and literature of the East.

Jay Z has made the seamless transition from hip hop and rap mogul to fashion without losing any of his credibility.

Here, he finds the perfect site for Mogul 's new refinery.

The original Breakers, built by tobacco mogul Pierre Lorillard IV, burned to the ground in 1892.

The house, built between 1936 and 1939 for Pittsburgh retail mogul Edgar Kaufmann, is built over a running mountain stream and waterfall.

Railroad mogul, Jay Gould bought the estate in 1880 as a country house and he used the house until his death in 1892.

On the other hand, aggressive skiers who pummel down endless mogul fields or crud will cinch their bindings down, using a higher DIN setting to prevent premature binding release.

Boasting a base elevation of 8,045 and a summit of 11,675 feet, Aspen Highlands is a high-alpine paradise for mogul skiers.

Expert ski clinics are designed for those who want to explore the backcountry, mogul skiing, ski racing or heli skiing.

Spelling, 34, daughter of the late television mogul Aaron Spelling, announced on her MySpace blog that she is a minister.

She married construction mogul Roe Messner while Bakker was still in prison.

Formerly the wife of hip-hop music mogul Russell Simmons, model Kimora Lee Simmons created the Baby Phat line for kids and women, featuring a decidedly urban feel.

The police were called to the scene and arrested Knight on suspicion of assault, also finding hydrocodone and ecstasy on the violence prone former music mogul.

The ceremony and reception took place in Bel Air, at the estate of music mogul Irving Azoff.

Ivanka Trump, daughter of real estate mogul and The Apprentice host Donald Trump, married fiance Jared Kushner on October 25, 2009.

On the computer, there are games like Football Mogul that are free to try, too.

Run a hotel, become a real estate mogul, design paintings for a gallery and more!

Just because you commute downtown each day in your three-piece suit doesn't mean that you can have a little bit of fun with some HTC Mogul themes.

That started to shift with devices like the HTC Mogul, which was sold through Sprint in the United States.

Also known by its HTC Titan codename, the HTC Mogul ran on Windows Mobile 6.1 and was compatible with the high-speed EVDO (Evolution Data Optimized) network of Sprint for its wireless data capabilities.

Quite unlike many more contemporary smartphones, the Mogul only has a display with a QVGA resolution.

By comparison, the Apple iPhone 4 has a resolution of 960 pixels by 640 pixels, despite having a screen that is physically comparable to the Mogul.

What this means is that when you are looking for HTC Mogul themes, you have to make sure that they are compatible with not the physical screen size, but rather compatible with the screen resolution.

The themes also have to compatible with the Windows Mobile environment, so while some free BlackBerry themes are also QVGA in size, they won't work on the Mogul smartphone.

So, what are some of the best HTC Mogul themes that are freely available on the Internet?

One of the best ways to find these themes is to browse through the forums associated with the HTC Mogul.

For instance, the Sprint Users forum caters toward people who have Sprint phones, including the Mogul.

Remember that the Mogul is a Windows Mobile PPC device.

Similarly, the PPC Geeks forum is a good place to find a wide assortment of themes for the Mogul and other similar Windows Mobile smartphones.

While full mobile themes can offer homescreen customizations, new icons, and new menu layouts, sometimes you only need to get a new mobile phone background to change the look and feel of your HTC Mogul.

To get the most out of your smartphone, you'll need to invest in a good supply of HTC Mogul accessories.

Originally sold through Sprint in the United States, the HTC Mogul was also sold in slightly different incarnations through other carriers throughout the world as well.

This came before the current era of widespread smartphone usage, so the Mogul was largely targeting the corporate market.

Not surprisingly, most of the HTC Mogul accessories that resulted cater to these types of needs.

The Mogul was a Windows Mobile smarphone that featured a touchscreen display, a slide-out QWERTY hardware keyboard, and an integrated camera, among several other notable features like wireless e-mail and a built-in media player.

What HTC Mogul accessories should you buy?

Alternatively, there are a range of wired headsets for the Mogul, but you have to make sure that it is compatible with this specific cell phone.

Because the Mogul has a slide-out keyboard, certain hard cases might not be as useful as others.

However, the HTC Mogul has something called a "resistive" touchscreen.

While most smartphones these days use either the standard 3.5mm or 2.5mm audio jack, such was not the case with the Mogul smartphone by HTC.

You can invest in a number of different accessory products for the HTC Mogul that serve no other purpose than to make the phone look good.

Don't simply decide that you're ready to become a real estate mogul because an infomercial has convinced you of your destiny.

If you have some in your group that fancies themselves a Romero in the making or the next Tom Savini then perhaps some special effects could be thrown in the mix and one place that could help you out is 100% free and is called Indy Mogul.

As its name denotes, Turner Classic Movies (TCM) was founded by media mogul Ted Turner in 1994.

Aniston has been playing the role of ruthless drug lord/business mogul, Victor Kiriakis since 1985.

The Young and the Restless mogul has officially tied the knot nine times to seven different women, marrying only two of them twice.

Women continue to respond to the mogul in spite of his reputation and no matter how many times has Victor Newman been married.

Ashley then breaks off her relationship with the mogul.

Hope, however, does not care for Victor's life or choices once he is back as the corporate mogul.

This leads to the mogul's vasectomy and sperm storage at a sperm bank for the possibility in the future.

Britney Spears' Hebrew tattoo showed up not too long after pop mogul Madonna took Spears under her wing to show her not only the ways of Kabbalah but also ways to cope with mega-stardom.

Arguably one of the most famous names in recent pop culture history, Madonna is a pop star, actress, and media mogul.

It was by chance that Kendra Wilkinson met Playboy mogul Hugh Hefner.

Her appearance during the 2009 season was a bit unexpected, but the show's mogul, Donald Trump, said he chose her for several reasons including her dynamic personality and that she was "very pleasant on the eyes."

The Mahrattas at this time had got possession of the person of the Mogul emperor, Shah Alam, from whom Clive obtained the grant of Bengal in 1765, and to whom he assigned in return the districts of Allahabad and Kora and a tribute of 30o,000.

Captain Hawkins landed at Surat and travelled overland to Agra, passing some time at the court of the Great Mogul.

It was Captain Best who secured a regular firman for trade from the Great Mogul.

This is of American origin, and is there known as the " Mogul."

Then several chiefs carved out principalities of their own from among the ruins of the Mogul Empire.

Such was the Mahratta Empire which supplanted the Mogul Empire.

As the Mogul Empire broke up, some separate Mahommedan powers rose upon its ruins.

It was then included in the dominions of Nizam-ul-mulk, the nominal viceroy of the great Mogul in the Deccan, from whom again it was subsequently conquered by Hyder Ali of Mysore.

The climax of Mahommedan work in India is reached in that of the Mogul emperors at Agra, Delhi and Fatehpur-Sikri, in which there is a very close resemblance in design to the mosques of Syria, Egypt, and Persia; the four-centred arch, which is in the Mogul style, finds general acceptance, and was probably derived from Persian sources.

It was these "Hyderabad Assigned Districts" which were popularly supposed to form the province of Berar, though they coincided in extent neither with the Berar of the nizams nor with the old Mogul province.

Babar, the fifth in descent from Timur, was originally prince of Ferghana, but conquered Samarkand and northern India, where he founded the Mogul (Mughal) empire.

Their name again figures in Indian history at the break up of the Mogul empire, when two Sayad brothers created and dethroned emperors at their will (1714-1720).

The name Great Mogul has been frequently applied to this stone.

There has been much discussion concerning the possibility of this stone and the Orloff being both fragments of the Great Mogul.

It formed the chief seat of the government of the Deccan provinces of the Mogul empire till Shah Jahan removed the capital to Aurangabad in 1635.

His great expedition to Delhi was undertaken in 1756 in order to avenge himself on the Great Mogul for the recapture of Lahore.

As his viceroy in Delhi he left a Rohilla chief in whom he had all confidence, but scarcely had he crossed the Indus when the Mahommedan wazir drove the chief from the city, killed the Great Mogul and set another prince of the family, a tool of his own, upon the throne.

The raj was founded in 1657 by Abu Ra Kapur, of the Kapur Khatri family of Kotli in Lahore, Punjab, whose descendants served in turn the Mogul emperors and the British government.

The Mahommedans of India may be divided into two classes, pure Mahommedans from the Mogul and Pathan conquering races, and Mahommedan converts, who differ very little from the surrounding Hindu population from which they originally sprang.

He wasted the treasure accumulated by Ala-ud-din in purchasing the retirement of the Mogul hordes, who had already made their appearance in the Punjab.

Baber, however, unlike Timur, had resolved to settle in the plains of Hindustan, and carve out for himself a new empire with the help of his Mogul followers.

Akbar the Great, the real founder of the Mogul empire as it existed for two centuries, was the contemporary of Queen Elizabeth of England.

When his father died he was absent in the Punjab, fighting the revolted Afghans, under the guardianship of Bairam Khan, a native of Badakshan, whose military skill largely contributed to recover the throne for the Mogul line.

In 1570 he obtained possession of Oudh and Gwalior, In 1572 he marched in person into Gujarat, defeated r the last of the independent sultans of Ahmedabad, and formed the province into a Mogul viceroyalty or subah.

As regards his military system, Akbar invented a sort of feudal organization, by which every tributary raja took his place by the side of his own Mogul nobles.

It was in the reign of Jahangir that the English first established themselves at Surat, and also sent their first embassy to the Mogul court.

Shah Jahan's reign is generally regarded as the period when the Mogul empire attained its greatest magnificence, though not its greatest extent of territory.

Aurangzeb's long reign, from 1658 to 1707, may be regarded as representing both the culminating point of Mogul power and the beginning of its decay.

During the reign of his father Shah Jahan he had been viceroy of the Deccan or rather of the northern portion only, which had been annexed to the Mogul empire since the reign of Akbar.

The rising Mahratta power was thus for a time checked, and the Mogul armies were set free to operate in the eastern Deccan.

No independent power then remained in the south, though the numerous local chieftains, known as palegars and naiks, never formally submitted to the Mogul empire.

But Clive in person marched to the rescue, with an army of only 450 Europeans and 2500 sepoys, and the Mogul army dispersed without striking a blow.

Through this arch Sikandar Adil Shah, the last king of Bijapur, was brought bound with silver chains, while on a raised platform sat Aurangzeb, the Mogul emperor, who had left Delhi three years previously to conquer the Deccan.

In India the nawab of Oudh was long known as the nawab wazir, the title of minister to the Mogul emperor having become hereditary in the family.

Both entered India as commercial companies, but the disorganized condition of the Mogul empire necessitated the use of military force to protect their interests, and allured them to conquest.

When the Mogul Empire absorbed the Bijapur kingdom he defied the emperor.

The great Mogul emperor's impoverished and enfeebled successor was fain to recognize the Mahratta state by a formal instrument.

Sangram Sah died in 1530; and the break up of his dominion began with the enforced cession to the Mogul emperor by Chandra Sah (1563-1575) of Saugor and Damoh and of that portion of his territories which afterwards formed the state of Bhopal.

Under their peaceful rule their territories flourished, until the weakening of the Mogul empire and the rise of the predatory Bundela and Mahratta powers, with the organized forces of which their semi-barbarous feudal levies were unable to cope, brought misfortune upon them.

It was during his reign that the Mogul power attained its greatest prosperity.

Two causes principally had tended to weaken the Mogul power.

At the close of the long contest the Mogul power was weaker, the Mahratta stronger than at first.

Such double allegiance is apt to exist in times of transition from one sovereignty to another; for example, in the 18th century, in the British possessions in India, the Mogul was said to exercise a personal sovereignty.

From 1411 to 1511 it grew in size and wealth; from 1512 to 1572 it declined with the decay of the dynasty of Gujarat; from 1572 to 1709 it renewed its greatness under the Mogul emperors; from 1709 to 1809 it dwindled with their decline; and from 1818 onwards it has again increased under British rule.

The Mogul Baber in his memoirs (1526) relates how in his conquest of India he captured at Agra the great stone weighing 8 mishkals, or 320 ratis, which may be equivalent to about 187 carats.

He suggests that the other and larger diamond of antiquity which was given to Shah Jahan may be one which is now in the treasury of Teheran, and that this is the true Great Mogul which was confused by Tavernier with the one he saw.

The last dynasty ended with Sultan Jalal-ud-din, during whose reign (1221-1231) a division of the Mogul army of Jenghiz Khan first invaded Khwarizm, while the khan himself was besieging Bamian; Jalal-ud-din, deserted by most of his troops, retired to Ghazni, where he was pursued by Jenghiz Khan, and again retreating towards Hindustan was overtaken and driven across the Indus.

From the time of his conquest of Hindustan (victory at Panipat, April 21, 1526), Kabul and Kandahar may be regarded as part of the empire of Delhi under the (so-called) Mogul dynasty which Baber founded.

Under the Mogul empire, as organized by Akbar the Great, the share of the state was fixed at one-third of the gross produce of the soil; and a regular army of tax-collectors was permitted to intervene between the cultivator and the supreme government.

If the Hindu village system may be praised for its justice, the Mogul farming system had at least the merit of efficiency.

In 1526 Baber, the fifth in descent from Timur, and also the fifth Mahommedan conqueror, invaded India at the instigation of the governor of the Punjab, won the victory of Panipat over Ibrahim, the last of the Lodi dynasty, and founded the Mogul empire, which lasted, at least in name, until 1857.

Despite frequent internal strife, the sultans of the Deccan retained their independence until conquered by the Mogul emperor Aurangzeb in the latter half of the 17th century.

The second governorship of Clive was marked by the transfer of the diwani or financial administration from the Mogul emperor to the Company, and by the enforcement of stringent regulations against the besetting sin of peculation.

In 1685 the fort was taken by the emperor Aurangzeb, and Dharwar, on the break-up of the Mogul empire, fell under the sway of the peshwa of Poona.

From Akbar's accession to Aurangzeb's death, a period of 151 years, the Mogul was India's master.

As a separate state it dates only from about 1730, the time of the dismemberment of the Mogul empire.

The range of the Western Ghats enabled the Mahrattas to rise against their Mahommedan conquerors, to reassert their Hindu nationality against the whole power of the Mogul Empire, and to establish in its place an empire of their own.

The three Gond principalities of Garha-Mandla, Deogarh and Chanda were nominally subject to the Mogul emperors.

The spirit of independence which always characterized them soon brought them into collision with the Mogul empire.

Ahmednagar was incorporated in the Mogul empire in 1598, Bijapur in 1686, and Golconda in 1688.

The Mogul emperors of India occasionally interfered in these provinces, notably Shah Jahan in 1646; but, finding the difficulty of maintaining so distant a frontier, they abandoned it to the Uzbeg princes.

But the invasion of Timur left no permanent impress upon the history of India, except in so far as its memory fired the imagination of Baber, the founder of the Mogul dynasty.

Two periods may be distinguished, namely the Turki (120o-1526) and the Mogul empire.

Amidst such confusion the authority of the Mogul empire rapidly disappeared, but it lasted as a name till the Mutiny (1857).

The tomb of Humayun is one of the finest Mogul monuments in the neighbourhood of Delhi, and it was here that the last of the Moguls, Bahadur Shah, was captured by Major Hodson in 1857.

From this it may be guessed what occurred in the centuries under Mogul rule, when for years there was no rain, when famine lasted for three, four or twelve years, and entire cities were left without an inhabitant.

The entire vocabulary of the present land system is borrowed from the Mogul administration.

The Bharatpur chiefs took an active part in the disturbances consequent on the declining power of the Mogul emperors, sometimes on the imperial side, and at others with the Mahrattas.

Guru Arjan, who was in charge of the great Sikh temple at Amritsar, received copious offerings and became a man of wealth and influence, while the sixth guru became a military leader, and was frequently at warfare with the Mogul authorities.

Turks and Mongols alike were doubtless included under the term Scyth by the ancients, and as Tatars by more modern writers, insomuch that the Turkish dynasty at Delhi, founded by Baber, is usually termed the Mogul dynasty, although there can be no distinction traced between the terms Mogul and Mongol.