Measurement Sentence Examples

The Measurement of Areas is easily effected if the map at our disposal is drawn on an equal area projection.

One important measurement is that of the wave-length emitted from an antenna.

The Greeks created the sciences of geometry and of number as applied to the measurement of continuous quantities.

The celebrated Newland oak in Gloucestershire, known for centuries as "the great oak," was by the latest measurement 472 ft.

Thus the whole method of measurement in geometry as described in the elementary textbooks and the older treatises is obscure to the last degree.

If love alone was a measurement of success, the future of the three had a small measure hope.

For the measurement of wider stars he invented his lamp-micrometer, in which the components of a double star observed with the right eye were made to coincide with two lucid points placed io ft.

Still, the idea of the exact measurement of sensation has been a fruitful one, and mainly through his influence on Wundt, Fechner was the father of that "new" psychology of laboratories which investigates human faculties with the aid of exact scientific apparatus.

A case of general interest is the measurement of temperature.

Here you find articles in the encyclopedia on topics related to measurement.

Now, owing to the necessary inexactness of measurement, it is impossible to discriminate directly whether any kind of continuous physical quantity possesses the compactness of the series of rationals or the continuity of the series of real numbers.

The word is also used as a unit of linear measurement of the magnifying power of a lens or microscope.

It is probable that Newton had become acquainted with this measurement of Picard's, and that he was therefore led to make use of it when his thoughts were redirected to the subject.

They are ascertained by a ticalgeo- combination of actual measurement of the highest.

Yet the beautiful images which these micrometers give permit the measurement of very difficult objects as a check on measures with the parallel-wire micrometer.

The founder of the mathematical school was the celebrated Euclid (Eucleides); among its scholars were Archimedes; Apollonius of Perga, author of a treatise on Conic Sections; Eratosthenes, to whom we owe the first measurement of the earth; and Hipparchus, the founder of the epicyclical theory of the heavens, afterwards called the Ptolemaic system, from its most famous expositor, Claudius Ptolemaeus.

In 1868 he proved incandescent carbon-vapours to be the main source of cometary light; and on the 23rd of April in the same year applied Doppler's principle to the detection and measurement of stellar velocities in the line of sight.

Even in the second sense, the term is a very wide one, since it comprises the measurement of angles (plane and solid), lengths, areas and volumes.

The distance between two points can, at any rate in theory, be measured directly, by successive applications of the unit of measurement.

From the first he appreciated the importance of accurate measurement, and all through his life the attainment of exact quantitative data was one of his chief considerations.

Subsequently he studied the expansion of solids by heat, and applied the phenomena of interference of light to the measurement of the dilatations of crystals.

The level at which it is desired to keep the water in these ditches constitutes the unit of water measurement for the polder, and is called the polder's zomer peil (Z.P.) or summer water-level.

Owing to the shrinkage of the soil in reclaimed lands, however, that is, lands which have been drained after fen or other reclamation, the sides of the polder are often higher than the middle, and it is necessary by means of small dams or sluices to make separate water-tight compartments (afpolderingen), each having its own unit of measurement.

In 1736 he accompanied Pierre Louis Maupertuis and Alexis Claude Clairaut in the expedition to Lapland for the measurement of a degree of the meridian.

The Murray has a very tortuous course, as may be judged from the fact that the measurement along the joint boundary of New South Wales and Victoria is only 460 m.

There are more than five hundred pillars in all, of very various style and workmanship, and the enclosure-250 paces in length and 200 in breadth, according to Burckhardt's measurement - is entered by nineteen archways irregularly disposed.

In the best filters an automatic arrangement for the measurement of the supply to each separate filter, and for the regulation of the quantity within certain limits, is adopted, and the resistance at outflow is so arranged that not more than a certain head of pressure, about 22 ft., can under any circumstances come upon the surface film, while a depth of several feet of water is maintained over the sand.

When now we pass to geometrical measurement, each " one " is a thing which is itself divisible, and it cannot be said that at any moment we are counting it; it is only when one is completed that we can count it.

The most elementary stage is arithmetical mensuration, which comprises the measurement of the areas of rectangles and parallelepipeds.

This limits the accuracy of the result; and we can therefore replace the figure by another figure which coincides with it approximately, provided that the further inaccuracy so introduced is comparable with the original inaccuracies of measurement.

The volume of a frustum of a cone, for instance, can be expressed in terms of certain magnitudes by a certain formula; but not only will there be some error in the measurement of these magnitudes, but there is not any material figure which is an exact cone.

But the converse, the measurement of the loudness of a sound not produced at our will, is by no means so easy.

Meters intended to measure electric quantity are called coulomb meters and also ampere-hour meters; they are employed for the measurement of public electric supply on the assumption that the electromotive force or pressure is constant.

These meters, of which one well-known form is that of Johnson and Phillips, have the disadvantage of being unsuited for the measurement of electric supply in those cases in which it is irregular or intermittent - as in a theatre or hotel.

It thus appears that the doctrine of atomic material constitution and the doctrine of a universal aether stand to each other in a relation of mutual support; if the scheme of physical laws is to be as precise as observation and measurement appear to make it, both doctrines are required in our efforts towards synthesis.

From 1792 to 1799 he was occupied with the measurement of the arc of the meridian extending from Dunkirk to Barcelona, and published a detailed account of the operations in Base du systeme metrique (3 vols., 1806, 1807, 1810), for which he was awarded in 181 o the decennial prize of the Institute.

He introduced several practical improvements, such as the measurement of time to tenths of a second; and he prevailed upon the government to replace Bird's mural quadrant by a repeating circle 6 ft.

The term potentiometer is usually applied to an instrument for the measurement of steady or continuous potential difference between two points in terms of the potential difference of the terminals of a standard voltaic cell of some kind, such as a Clark or Weston cell.

In order that a wattmeter shall be suitable for the measurement of power taken up in an inductive circuit certain conditions of construction must be fulfilled.

Sumpner, "The Measurement of the Power given by an Electric Current to any Circuit," Proc. Roy.

Authoritative standards and instruments for the measurement of electricity, based on the fundamental units of the metric system, have been placed in the Electrical Laboratory of the Board of Trade.

In the measurement of temperature the Fahrenheit scale is still followed for imperial standards, and the Centigrade scale for metric standards.

The International Geodetic Committee have adopted the metre as their unit of measurement.

In the measurement of woollen and other textile fabrics, as to quality, strength, number of threads, &c., there exists at Bradford a voluntary standardizing institution known as the Conditioning House (Bradford Corporation Act 1887), the work of which has been extended to a chemical analysis of fabrics.

The lameness of the Greeks in angular measurement would alone show that they could not derive itinerary measures from long and accurately determined distances on the earth.

If the powder of a transparent substance is immersed in a liquid of the same refractive index, the mixture becomes transparent and a measurement of the refractive index of the liquid gives the refractivity of the powder.

Electrostatic voltmeters are now almost entirely used for the measurement of high voltages from 2000 to 50,000 volts employed in electrotechnics.

In any case of potential difference measurement it is essential not to disturb the potential difference being measured; hence it follows that in electrokinetic voltmeters the wire connecting the two points of which the potential difference is to be measured must be of very high resistance.

Electromagnetic voltmeters may therefore be thermal, electromagnetic or electrodynamic. As a rule, electromagnetic voltmeters are only suitable for the measurement of relatively small potentials - o to 200 or 300 volts.

These instruments are only adapted for the measurement of continuous potential difference, that is to say, unidirectional potential difference, but not for alternating voltages.

This measurement is applicable to the measurement of high potentials, either alternating or continuous, provided that in the case of alternating currents the high resistance employed is wound non-inductively and an electrostatic voltmeter is used.

He was also a diligent and skilful observer, and busied himself not only with astronomical subjects, such as the double stars, the satellites of Jupiter and the measurement of the polar and equatorial diameters of the sun, but also with biological studies of the circulation of the sap in plants, the fructification of plants, infusoria, &c.

He experimented with an air-thermometer, in which the temperature was defined by measurement of the length of a column of mercury; and he pointed out that the extreme cold of such a thermometer would be that which reduced the "spring" of the air to nothing, thus being the first to recognize that the use of air as a thermometric substance led to the inference of the existence of a zero of temperature.

Spectroscopic Measurements and Standards of Wave-Length.- All spectroscopic measurement should be reduced to wavelengths or wave-frequencies, by a process of interpolation between lines the wave-lengths of which are known with sufficient accuracy.

The determination of the purity-factor requires the measurement of the width of the slit.

The course of the Alabama is tortuous; its width varies from 200 to 300 yds., its depth from 3 to 7 ft.; its length by the United States Survey is 312 m., by steamboat measurement, 420 m.

It remains to consider the measurement of the declination and the horizontal component, these two elements being generally measured with the same instrument, which is called a unifilar magnetometer.

The measurement of the declination involves two separate observations, namely, the determination of (a) the magnetic meridian and (b) the geographical meridian, the angle between the two being the declination.

The generalized view of angles and their measurement is treated in the article Trigonometry.

This result is very nearly correct, the deviations being so small as to be almost beyond the reach of direct measurement.

For the measurement of motion it must be presumed that we have a method of measuring time.

The question of the standard to be employed for the scientific measurement of - time accordingly demands attention.

A definition of the measurement dependent on dynamical theory has Time.

All clocks are constructed on the basis of this method of measurement; that is to say, on the plan of counting the repetitions of some operation, adopted solely on the ground of its being capable of continual repetition with a certain degree of accuracy, and possibly also of automatic compensation for changing conditions.

Practically clocks are regulated by reference to the diurnal rotation of the earth relatively to the stars, which affords a measurement on the repetition principle agreeing with other methods, but more accurate than that given by any existing clock.

In one experiment, specially undertaken for the sake of measurement, the total air employed was 9250 c.c., and the oxygen consumed, manipulated with the aid of partially deaerated water, amounted to 10,820 c.c. The oxygen contained in the air would be 1942 c.c.; so that the quantities of atmospheric nitrogen and of total oxygen which enter into combination would be 7308 c.c. and 12,762 c.c. respectively.

But the question as to whether albinoes are more or less constitutionally vigorous than pigmented individuals of the same species may be tested by exact measurement.

This would give for albinoes and pigmented individuals the amount per kilogramme of body-weight required to kill in each case, and would afford a measurement of the relative resistance of the two races.

The first published research (1816) dealt with the dilatation of solids, liquids and gases and with the exact measurement of temperature, and it was followed by another in 1818 on the measurement of temperature and the communication of heat, which was crowned by the French Academy.

For many purposes a gravitational system of measurement is most natural; thus we speak of a force of so many pounds or so many kilogrammes.

The absolute system of measurement will be referred to below in PART II., KINETICS.

So far nothing has been said about the measurement of time.

It is found that for almost all purposes a system of measurement based ultimately on the earths rotation is perfectly adequate.

The question remains, of course, as to how far the measurement of force here implied is practically consistent with the gravitational method usually adopted in statics; this will be referred to presently.

See also DYNAMOMETER for illustrations of the use of what are essentially friction-straps of different forms for the measurement of the brake horse-power of an engine or motor.

The general results of the decline of the marriage-rate and the postponement of marriage upon the natural growth of population will be discussed in connection with the birth-rate, though the statistics available do not permit of the accurate measurement of the respective influence of these factors, and there are others, too, which have to be taken into consideration, as will appear below.

The accuracy of his measurement, by which he established within 2% the above law, was only limited by the sensibility, or rather insensibility, of the pith ball electrometer, which was his only means of detecting the electric charge.2 In the accuracy of his quantitative measurements and the range of his researches and his combination of mathematical and physical knowledge, Cavendish may not inaptly be described as the Kelvin of the 18th century.

Faraday's ideas thus pressed upon electricians the necessity for the quantitative measurement of electrical phenomena.'

The measurement of electric resistance then engaged the attention of electricians.

Gauss introduced a system of absolute measurement of electric and magnetic phenomena.

These labours laid the foundation on which was subsequently erected a complete system for the absolute measurement of electric and magnetic quantities, referring them all to the fundamental units of mass, length and time.

Lord Kelvin's contributions to the science of exact electric measurement 2 were enormous.

Weber had already laid the foundations of the absolute system of electric and magnetic measurement, and proved that a quantity of electricity could be measured either by the force it exercises upon another static or stationary quantity of electricity, or magnetically by the force this quantity of electricity exercises upon a magnetic pole when flowing through a neighbouring conductor.

The two systems of measurement were called respectively the electrostatic and the electromagnetic systems (see Physical Units).

He followed up the early work of the British Association Committee on electrical units by a fresh determination of the ohm in absolute measure, and in conjunction with other work on the electrochemical equivalent of silver and the absolute electromotive force of the Clark cell may be said to have placed exact electrical measurement on a new basis.

An electrometer is an instrument for measuring difference of potential, which operates by means of electrostatic force and gives the measurement either in arbitrary or in absolute units.

Observation of 0 with measurement of the value of 1 and r reckoned in centimetres and W in grammes gives us the potential difference of the balls in absolute C.G.S.

Farm produce is generally sold by the arroba or fanega; the var y is used in lineal measurement, and the cuadra is used by country people in land measurement.

At the same time the rain is heavier as we approach the Himalaya and the greatest falls are measured in its outer ranges; but the quantity again diminishes as we pass onward across the chain, and on arriving at the border of Tibet, behind the great line of snowy peaks, the rain falls in such small quantities as to be hardly susceptible of measurement.

On some plates the stars were allowed to trail and the planet was followed, in others the reverse procedure was taken; in either case the planet's position is measured by referring it to " comparison stars " of approximately its own magnitude situated within 25' to 30' of the centre of the plate, while these stars are themselves fixed by measurement from brighter " reference stars," the positions of which are found by meridian observations if absolute places are desired.

These cardinal numbers have now, however, come to denote individual points in the line of measurement, i.e.

This notation survives in reference to the minute (') and second (") of angular measurement, and has been extended, by analogy, to the foot (') and inch (").

All numbers, for instance,which represent physical measurements,are limited in their accuracy not only by our powers of measurement but also by the accuracy of the measure we use as our unit.

The transition is similar to that which arises in the case of geometrical measurement (§ 26), and it is an essential feature of all reasoning with regard to continuous quantity, such as we have to deal with in real life.

In calculating an average it should be observed that the addition of any numerical quantity (positive or negative) to each of the measurements produces the addition of the same quantity to the average, so that the calculation may often be simplified by taking some particular measurement as a new zero from which to measure.

In the form of standard coil recommended by the Berlin Reichsanstalt the coil is immersed in an insulating oil which is kept stirred by means of a small electric motor during the time of making the measurement.

For the measurement of low resistances a modification of the Wheatstone's bridge devised by Lord Kelvin is employed.

For the restricted use of "metre" as a unit of measurement, see Metric System below.

Shortly after he engaged to take part in the Portuguese expedition for the survey of Brazil, and the measurement of a degree of the meridian; but he yielded to the urgent request of the pope that he would remain in Italy and undertake a similar task there.

The measurement of the speed with which the individual stars are moving towards or from our system is a work of such magnitude that what has yet been done is scarcely more than a beginning.

For the relations thus arising, and their practical applications, see Time, Measurement Of.

The fundamental problem of practical astronomy is that of determining by measurement the co-ordinates of the heavenly bodies as already defined.

Of the three co-ordinates,the radius vector does not admit of direct measurement, and must be inferred by a combination of indirect measurements and physical theories.

The other two coordinates, which define the direction of a body, admit of direct measurement on principles applied in the construction and use of astronomical instruments.

This measurement is effected by a combination of two instruments, the telescope and the graduated circle.

In the measurement of equatorial co-ordinates, the polar distance is determined in an analogous way.

This troublesome result is utilized and made a means of measurement.

We perceive then that the fundamental problems of sidereal science are closely linked up with the elementary and indispensable procedures of celestial measurement.

He mapped 324, chose out nine, which he designated by the letters of the alphabet, to be standards of measurement for the rest, and ascertained the coincidence in position between the double yellow ray derived from the flame of burning sodium and the pair of dark lines named by him " D " in the solar spectrum.

A high degree of precision in measurement thus became attainable, and has since been fully attained.

The volume of text gives descriptive details and measurement of the spots and heights of the mountains.

In Paris he advocated the measurement of an arc of the meridian in Lapland, and took part, in 1736, in the expedition organized for the purpose by the French Academy.

Among its results were determinations of the lunar and of the solar parallax (Mars serving as an intermediary), the first measurement of a South African arc of the meridian, and the observation of io,000 southern stars.

For the observation and measurement of rings in crystals polariscopes are constructed on the following principle.

This frame, the outside measurement of which is 14 by 82 in., was the outcome of deliberations extending over a considerable time on the part of a committee of well-known bee-keepers, specially appointed in 1882 to consider the matter.

Differences in view may, and do, exist regarding the thickness of the wood used in frame-making, but the outside measurement never varies.

The theory of the ecliptic as representing the course of the sun through the year, divided among twelve constellations with a measurement of 30 to each division, is also of Babylonian origin, as has now been definitely proved; but it does not appear to have been perfected until after the fall of the Babylonian empire in 539 B.C. Similarly, the other accomplishments of Babylonian astronomers, such as their system or rather systems of moon calculations and the drawing up of planetary tablets, belong to this late period, so that the golden age of Babylonian astronomy belongs not to the remote past, as was until recently supposed, but to the Seleucid period, i.e.

This measurement can also be made with a goniometer eyepiece, in which a row of parallel double-marks are used instead of the cross threads.

The use of an eyepiece with a cross thread is essential to this measurement.

As fractions of intervals can only be estimated in this method, a measurement with such an eyepiece scale can of course not be as exact as with a screw micrometer ocular.

A mind like that of Thomson could not be content to deal with any physical quantity, however successfully from a practical point of view, without subjecting it to measurement.

Thomson's work in connexion with telegraphy led to the production in rapid succession of instruments adapted to the requirements of the time for the measurement of every electrical quantity, and when electric lighting came to the front a new set of instruments was produced to meet the needs of the electrical engineer.

Mount Tupungato reaches 22,329 ft., according to Argentine measurement.

The measurement is effected by adjoining to the space or interval to be measured some means of measurement defined; for example, by a fixed scale which extends into the space, or by a movable point (Wandermarke).

This instrument shows a transition to the stereoscope, inasmuch as the scale or means of measurement is not directly observed, but to each eye a plane representation is offered, just as in the stereoscope; the space to be measured, on the other hand, is portrayed in exactly the same way as in the double telescope.

Weber's name is especially known for his work on electrical measurement.

It measured broadband speeds from the end-user perspective with its measurement tool.

Each user, even a novice, is able to quickly design complex measurement tasks using the standard control command syntax.

An NPL Rotating wheel abrasion Test Summary This measurement note describes the development of a rotating wheel abrasion test system.

These are relatively low cost, plastic tubes which contain a prepared absorbent which can later be desorbed for analysis and measurement.

Measurement of the size of each species ' acorns suggests that a plant's seed size may control the geographic range of the plant.

Which did make me think the measurement was slightly adrift, given the track conditions.

Both the image normalization and tissue segmentation algorithms developed by our group significantly improve the statistics in tumor volume measurement.

This unit is used in airborne laser altimetry, distance measurement and collision avoidance.

Nitrogen accumulation methods include measurement of plant tissue N concentration, amino acids, substrate N and foliar ammonium.

Fields of Application These transimpedance amplifiers are particularly useful for the measurement of current from photodiodes.

Urinalysis, blood pressure and weight checks, fundal height measurement and fetal heart auscultation are performed routinely at each office visit.

Your awning manufacturer will then advise on the nearest size of awning manufacturer will then advise on the nearest size of awning appropriate for your measurement.

The measurement relies on a chemical process called the ' polymerase chain reaction ' or PCR.

Measurement of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity is the primary method for measuring the effect of these pesticides on the nervous system.

We have made the world's first measurement of exclusive c c production at a hadron collider.

National Framework PSA 1 ­ This involves measurement of crime reduction by the British Crime Survey comparator.

This book contains a compendium of some of the papers presented at a workshop on Performance Measurement and Management Control in October, 2001.

The measurement of thermal diffusivity by laser flash is an alternative way of determining the thermal conductivity of liquid alloys.

Observational methods, e.g. eddy correlation techniques to measure turbulent fluxes or measurement of mean profiles to infer turbulent transport.

The Biblically minded may use the cubit for medium-scale measurement, otherwise the use of the rod, pole or perch is recommended.

Measurement Good Practice Guide No. 25 (High field dielectric properties of piezoelectric materials) Buy Online!

Here we report the measurement of electron diffraction patterns from these crystals.

Cathedral and High Streets have restored 17th-century houses, one of which has metal ell, measurement for cloth, on wall.

All measurement tools allow independent emissivity and distance settings.

Demand still exists for a simple, inexpensive, high resolution double-sided extensometer for accurate strain measurement.

For any accounting or measurement issue that is not addressed in the SME standards, the IASB proposes mandatory fallback to IFRS.

Professional instructors will be on hand in health clubs to administer the test, which is a well-respected measurement of cardiovascular fitness.

In the case of poor knee flexion the measurement taken should be to the tips of the toes.

Another negative aspect is that when the testers took the measurement they gave the goniometer to the model to record their readings.

Add 25mm (1 ") to your measurement and then cut the hardboard to this size.

Bradley is also unduly harsh on the usefulness of a chair absorption measurement method involving screens.

Measured total hemoglobin Direct measurement of total hemoglobin provides more accurate results for bypass patients.

In addition, changes in measurement technologies and data processing procedures imply that few hydrometric time series can be considered truly homogeneous.

The whirling hygrometer offers the maximum level of accuracy due to the nature of measurement.

Equipped with the latest in state-of-the-art instrumentation, LGC is uniquely positioned to meet the measurement needs of the pharmaceutical sector.

This technique was more strongly predictive of RT than was measurement of serum B-2 microglobulin or serum lactate dehydrogenase levels.

What does the latter evidence indicate as regards the behavior of the carbonyl ligands at the temperature of the measurement?

Applications include the measurement of induced and remanent magnetism and use in site surveys prior to the installation of MRI equipment.

Also, the measurement of serum markers may vary between laboratories.

For an accurate measurement, you'll need to pop into a bike shop.

A precise measurement of the loading is then read off the steelyard.

Under simultaneous 2-channel measurement, 2 data items are recorded at the same time.

Furthermore, your waist measurement can be an indication of your future health.

This requires rather fancy technology and very, very high precision measurement using what's now become known as interferometer.

Thermistors can be a low cost solution to temperature measurement.

Measuring Instructions For an accurate measurement please use a metal tape measure and take measurements in centimeters to the nearest 0.1cm.

Practical sessions will cover all areas of measurement including basic metrology, estimating uncertainties and applying corrections.

As the technology is developed, new metrology, or measurement, tools are also required.

We are, in addition, recognized internationally as a center of excellence in chemical metrology (the science of measurement ).

The measurement of specimen size with a microscope is normally made by using an eyepiece micrometer.

This new capability allows for measurement of sub-100 micron test pads in chips.

A rough measurement of the speed of the freshly mown lawns was 9.9 seconds on the Plummer scale.

The aim of this study was to validate a gas chromatography (GC) method for measurement of breath pentane in the horse.

In particular, the technique is suited to measurement of surface phonons and vibrational modes of adsorbates.

The Department of Sports Science has two established laboratories for measurement in applied physiology.

As the measurement of position, gets more precise, the value of the momentum gets more indefinite.

The Assignments section contains multiple-choice quizzes to practice your measurement skills.

The measurement of black body temperature therefore links the primary spectral radiance and irradiance scales to primary detector scales.

This usually means the measurement of spectral transmittance, spectral reflectance, spectral radiance factor or spectral fluorescence.

Using an optical technique for displacement measurement enables remote sensing of vibration.

A particularly popular choice for HVAC applications is the bulk polymer resistive sensor, which provides a direct, secondary measurement of RH.

The measurement of extrudate swell of polymer melts using capillary extrusion rheometers is specified by the standard ISO 11443 [6] .

There is a substantial section on sedimentation, which focuses on stream load measurement and the problems of reservoir sedimentation.

Measurement science implies more than just the observation of phenomena, it suggests identification, quantification, possibly spatial or volume localisation.

Used in PA catheter (allows continuous measurement) and oesophageal stethoscope.

Responses on some labeled attitude measurement scales (e.g., interest in watching football) can also be nicely summarized via the frequency table.

The British Standards Organization, for example, specifies graphical symbols for process measurement and control.

There are constant advances in technology and measurement techniques are continually being improved.

However, reliable biological assays for measurement of immune function remain slow and cumbersome (e.g. lymphocyte proliferation by uptake of tritiated thymidine ).

Clinical observation can be usefully supplemented by pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurement, ECG and end tidal CO 2 monitoring when available.

These fault timesheet timecard conditions are normally masked with a standard junction box allowing operation with measurement errors.

I joined NPL in June 1997 to work on applications of single-electron transistors in precise measurement of small electrical currents.

The step back from measurement to judgment about the welfare state of the animal involves an interpretation, which is not value-free.

A crucial measurement for light emitting materials is their quantum yield.

A Latin version of them was published by Isaac Barrow in 1675 (London, 4to); Nicolas Tartaglia published in Latin the treatises on Centres of Gravity, on the Quadrature of the Parabola, on the Measurement of the Circle, and on Floating Bodies, i.

What is aimed at in ordinary observations of atmospheric potential is the measurement of the difference of potential between the earth and a point a given distance above it, or of the difference of potential betweeen two points in the same vertical line a given distance apart.

Suppose next that a fixed insulated conductor is somehow kept at the potential of the air at a given point, then the measurement of its potential is equivalent to a measurement of that of the air.

Indeed, in those days, the difficulties attached to such measures, and to the measurement of distances with the filar micrometer, were exceedingly great, and must have taxed to the Utmost the skill and patience of the observer.

The position of the box relative to the plate f, in the direction of measurement, depends therefore on the distance between the end of the screw s and the fixed stud C. A screwing in of s thus causes the box to move to the left, and vice versa.

Under such powers the webs can be brought into apparent contact with such precision and delicacy that the uncertainty of measurement seems to lie as much in the estimation of the fraction of the division of the head as in the accuracy of the contact.

All this is true, but three readings instead of one for each pointing, much more figure-work in computation (especially if corrections have to be applied to the scale readings to reduce them to exact normal screw readings), are factors which involve a far greater expenditure of time than making a few additional turns of a screw in the process of measurement.

The forms of measuring machines of type C, often seen in physical laboratories, should be at once rejected for refined measurements, because it is impossible to construct slides of such perfection that the axis of the microscope will remain absolutely normal to the surface of the plate (assumed to be a plane) throughout the range of measurement.

Further, he says pitch cannot be exactly defined, because voices vary; he nevertheless gives the measure above mentioned for the low F, but if a larger organ is built to include the still lower C, then this C must be of the same measurement, the reason being that a greater part of church music ends in "grambus," a word understood by Schlick's editor to mean the transposition of a fourth.

Hess employed this principle to determine indirectly the heat of formation of compounds from their elements, when this magnitude, as is generally the case, was inaccessible to direct measurement.

The arid nature of the trans-Caspian deserts has proved an insuperable obstacle to those rigorous methods of geodetic survey which distinguish Russian methods in Europe, so that Russian geography in central Asia is dependent on other means than that of direct measurement for the co-ordinate values in latitude and longitude for any given point.

However, the count of frequency of movement from daily closing prices would probably afford a roughly satisfactory comparative measurement in markets in which prices sometimes remain the same for a day or two together.

Instruments of this type with a permanent magnetic field are only available for the measurement of continuous currents, but soft-iron instruments of II??II?NIIIiIC?p u??i?,,.

Possibly Thucydides, who in the passage referred to is dealing with the question of defence, included a portion of the contiguous long walls in his measurement; this explanation derives probability from his underestimate of the length of the long walls.

The association of algebra with arithmetic on the one hand, and with geometry on the other, presents difficulties, in that geometrical measurement is based essentially on the idea of continuity, while arithmetical measurement is based essentially on the idea of discontinuity; both ideas being equally matters of intuition.

The difficulty first arises in elementary mensuration, where it is partly met by associating arithmetical and geometrical measurement with the cardinal and the ordinal aspects of number respectively (see Arithmetic).

But the present tendency is to regard the early association of arithmetic with linear measurement as important; and it seems to follow that we may properly (at any rate at an early stage of the subject) multiply a length by a length, and the product again by another length, the practice being dropped when it becomes necessary to give a strict definition of multiplication.

Since on an average 70% by measurement of the normal defecated cane juice has to be evaporated in order to reduce it to syrup ready for final concentration and crystallization in the vacuum pan, and since to attain the same end as much as 90 to 95% of the volume of mixed juices has to be evaporated when maceration or imbibition is employed, it is clear that some more economical mode of evaporation is necessary in large estates than the open-fire batteries still common in Barbados and some of the West Indian islands, and in small haciendas in Central America and Brazil, but seldom seen elsewhere.

In the article Calendar (q.v.), that part of chronology is treated which relates to the measurement of time, and the principal methods are explained that have been employed, or are still in use, for adjusting the lunar months of the solar year, as well as the intercalations necessary for regulating the civil year according to the celestial motions.

In the case of solids we may determine the volume in some cases by direct measurement - this gives at the best a very rough and ready value; a better method is to immerse the body in a fluid (in which it must sink and be insoluble) contained in a graduated glass, and to deduce its volume from the height to which the liquid rises.

Arago (Comptes rendus, xxiv., 18 47, pp. 400-402) found that in Rochon's micrometer, when the prism was approached close to the eye-piece for the measurement of very small angles, the smallest imperfections in the crystal or its surfaces were inconveniently magnified.

Reference should be made to the articles Barometer, Climate and Meteorology for the measurement and variation of the pressure of the atmosphere, and the discussion of other properties.

Michelson that a standard of length might be restored, if necessary, by reference to the measurement of wave-lengths of light.

By introducing the concave grating which (see Diffraction Of Light, § 8) allows US to dispense with all lenses, Rowland produced a revolution in spectroscopic measurement.

The Rockanje Lake near Brielle is remarkable for the strong salty solution which covers even the growing reeds with a 1 The datum plane, or basis of the measurement of heights, is throughout Holland, and also in some of the border districts of Germany, the Amsterdamsch Peil (A.P.), or Amsterdam water-level, and represents the average high water-level of the Y at Amsterdam at the time when it was still open to the Zuider Zee.

Of his theoretical books, he only succeeded in getting two finished and produced during his lifetime, that on geometry and perspective or measurement, to use his own title - which was published at Nuremberg in 1525, and that on fortification, published in 1527; the work on human proportions was brought out shortly after his death in 1528.

A square is a superficial measurement, used chiefly for boarding, and contains Too sq.

Thomson, the successor of Maxwell and Lord Rayleigh in the Cavendish chair of physics in the university of Cambridge, began about the year 1899 a remarkable series of investigations on the cathode discharge, which finally enabled him to make a measurement of the ratio of the electric charge to the mass of the particles of matter projected from the cathode, and to show that this electric charge was identical with the atomic electric charge carried by a hydrogen ion in the act of electrolysis, but that the mass of the cathode particles, or " corpuscles " as he called them, was far less, viz.

Quantile regression allows the measurement of the return to player Players.

Therefore before concluding, the measurement will be redone as soon as the jig is back in the lab.

A redshift value of zero means that there is no measurement.

Therefore resistivity measurement is really a measure of the amount of water held in the ground at a particular point.

The measurement of extrudate swell of polymer melts using capillary extrusion rheometers is specified by the standard ISO 11443 [6 ].

The proportion of children interviewed from whom a valid saliva cotinine measurement was obtained was 83 %.

Now adjust the distance of the second-string saddle back from the first saddle, using the gage of the second string as a measurement.

An apparent trend in some measurement may signify nothing more than a change in variance, often coupled with a ceiling or floor effect.

The calculations below are based on the 5 in standard British gage and the modern mm measurement.

Click popularity sorting algorithms track how many users click on a link and stickiness measurement calculates how long they stay at a website.

The stopwatch function allows for a user-defined measurement of elapsed time.

Detection of strain gage errors is important in the accurate measurement of the fatigue life of an aircrafts airframe.

The measurement of service quality is much harder than that for product quality as it is more subjective than objective.

However, reliable biological assays for measurement of immune function remain slow and cumbersome (e.g. lymphocyte proliferation by uptake of tritiated thymidine).

This procedure consists of sequential constant load scratches over the same track, with a low load topography measurement performed between each scratch.

A two-step measurement procedure is used to measure the CDs.

The unit of measurement for sprites is one byte and the most common size is four by four.

The models will be tested and validated by field measurement of the dose rate in the sediment and water column.

Continuous variates could take any value in an interval, tho measurement accuracy limits the number of decimal places recorded.

However, measurement of visual acuity in young children presents a challenge to the clinician.

Write down this measurement; it is from this that your band size is calculated.

If your measurement is only a quarter or a half of an inch above an even number, round down to that number (for example, round 38.5 down to 38).

Next, take the second measurement and subtract the band measurement you just calculated from it.

Just as there are many advantages to such a form of measurement, there is also a downfall.

There is a wide range of what's considered to be "normal", and it's important to take that into account before getting too attached to any form of measurement.

This measurement is based on her conception through in-vitro fertilization, however.

Since infants may be difficult to measure because of movement and squirming, parents should remember not to be too worried if one measurement appears to be below normal on the graph.

Measurement for the infant's weight for age is also an important part of regular childhood examinations.

Most lingerie shops will be able to measure the band size for you - simply take a tape measure and measure your torso right under the breasts to get this measurement.

Always check the measurement of both feet.

The size measurements for full slips are either based on dress sizes or the band measurement of a bra.

Wearing a lightweight undershirt can ensure a proper measurement.

If you have an odd measurement not listed, ask the advice of a violin teacher, someone who makes violins or even the clerk who sells violins.

A measurement called the rough-in is the distance from the wall to the center of a rear bolt on the toilet.

Before removing your old toilet or going out to purchase a new one, pull out the tape measure and find out what the rough-in measurement is.

Knowing length times width gives you the square area, you can get an accurate measurement of all the rooms you are carpeting.

How much space do you have?When you look at the size listed for a monitor, keep in mind that the number on the screen is a diagonal measurement, not horizontal.

Also take a measurement diagonally across the length that the screen could be.

The variable rate is fixed against some kind of publicly available figure, such as the prime rate, the rate for US Treasury bills, or some other standard market measurement.

Measure the width of the inside of the bed frame and cut three or four 2 x 4s to that measurement to be used as support braces.

Scientists measure global temperature by taking readings from thousands of thermometers all around the world, and then combine these readings with average sea surface temperatures to provide a monthly global average temperature measurement.

According to the Hybrid Center there are certain steps that determine the measurement of hybridization.

In many products there will be a list of what is blended in with the juice but there will not be a measurement of the milligrams of acai per serving.

The top number is the systolic measurement, which is the maximum pressure in the arteries, and the bottom number is the diastolic measurement, which is the minimum pressure in the arteries.

Just point the laser and get an instant measurement.

If your table is especially tall or short, take a measurement of the height as well, so you can be sure the table covering you are buying will hang over the edges just right.

This can affect the true measurement of the rod length.

If you opted for the one-quarter inch formula, then use that same method of measurement for your furniture.

Again, this measurement is a straight line.

This means if you want a more accurate measurement, you can add points into a route-like format.

Otherwise, this measurement is not as important as advertisers might have you believe.

It's best to use a glass or plastic measuring cup that is larger than your final measurement.

Place the measuring cup on a level surface at eye level then add the liquid to your desired measurement.

Just remember to adjust every single measurement.

As with your breast measurement, you're going to want to hold the measuring tape taunt across your waist, and yes, it's okay to pull in your stomach.

If you've ever bought a cool looking pair of jeans, only to find that it can't go over your hips, then you'll appreciate this measurement.

For the band measurement, wrap a tape measure around your chest, just under your breasts.

For this measurement, you want to hold the tape loosely, as pulling too tight will result in an inaccurate reading.

Subtract your original chest size from the breast measurement.

Now, armed with your measurement results, it's time to find a free afternoon and get ready for some serious shopping.

If a customer is purchasing a Jessica McClintock prom dress for the first time, contact the company for measurement details.

Contact the company for information regarding international shipping and any gown sizing, measurement or modification questions you have.

In reality, it's only an assessment or measurement of signals or symptoms of someone who may or may not have depression.

A general measurement of a large rectangular pillow is 58 inches long.

Besides the obvious measurement differences, larger floor pillows are often more reliable for that cushy comfort typically associated with plush couches and armchairs.

Fill weight has nothing to do with the quality of the down, but simply serves as a measurement of the weight of down, which tells you how much down has been placed inside the comforter.

Female celebs are more prone to measurement inquiries, and they range from weight to bust size.

This application will ask for information about your income and assets in order to determine your Expected Family Contribution (EFC), a measurement of your financial need.

When it comes to dog clothing, there is no international standard of measurement.

Most small dog T shirts are marked with a size, and there is usually a guide that compares the size with a neck measurement.

Because of the different builds of various breeds, a neck measurement is often not enough information.

This measurement is taken along the bridge to the nut of the guitar.

Be sure the level is level and take a measurement from the surface of the roof to the bottom of the level.

Be exact, you may need help for this step in order to get an accurate measurement.

Check the instructions for the recommend shingle exposure, a measurement of the portion of the shingle that's not supposed to be covered.

This is your toilet's rough-in measurement.

The recommended measurement is 42-inches of clearance on each of the island's four sides.

With so many products to choose from and so many opportunities to make a wrong choice, an inaccurate measurement or an installation error, the road to a faultless remodel can seem like a distant dream.

Subtract 3 inches from this measurement to get the largest width of sink that will fit inside your cabinet comfortably.

Remove the trim and take your rough opening measurement based on the existing window frame.

Custom lighting frequently needs to be made to fit the space, so proper measurement and placement is needed.

Take every measurement twice to ensure that you order enough materials and remember to factor in waste.

A karat measurement always assumes a total of twenty-four parts.

You can reduce the margin for error by doing a simple measurement before buying.

They can be an easy item to shop for online as you only have to get the right chest and midsection measurement.

Invented in the 1950's using some experimental spinning techniques, the theory behind it is the production of fibers that measure less than one denier (a unit of thread measurement).

The company emphasizes that, when ordering, you take your chest measurement to determine your size, rather than that of an existing jacket.

The perfect measurement is derived when the measuring tape is held beneath the arms and across the shoulder blades.

While the site is very helpful in providing measurement charts, the selection of shirts is fairly small, and sells out very quickly.

Hold the string or tape against a yardstick to determine your actual bust measurement.

Compare this measurement against the specific size chart provided for the swimsuit you like.