Magnesium Sentence Examples

By heating with a small quantity of magnesium it is converted into germanious oxide, GeO.

The other minerals found are silver, lead, copper, magnesium and lignite coal.

All of this is not available, for carbonic acid is present as such in solution, as bicarbonate (of magnesium mainly) and as normal carbonate.

The colloidal particles are electrically charged and become discharged by the ions of sodium, magnesium and calcium present in the sea-water.

Grignard (Comptes Rendus, 1900 et seq.) showed that aldehydes combine with magnesium alkyl iodides (in absolute ether solution) to form addition products, which are decomposed by water with the formation of secondary alcohols, thus from acetaldehyde and magnesium methyl iodide, isopropyl alcohol is obtained.

It is found in the form of oxide (silica), either anhydrous or hydrated as quartz, flint, sand, chalcedony, tridymite, opal, &c., but occurs chiefly in the form of silicates of aluminium, magnesium, iron, and the alkali and alkaline earth metals, forming the chief constituent of various clays, soils and rocks.

It has been found by experiment that plants need for their nutritive process and their growth, certain chemical elements, namely, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron.

Wohler, Ann., 1856, 97, p. 266; 1857, 102, p. 382); by heating silica with magnesium in the presence of zinc (L.

Alloys of magnesium and silicon are prepared by heating fragments of magnesium with magnesium filings and potassium silico-fluoride.

From the alloy containing 25% of silicon, the excess of magnesium is removed by a mixture of ethyl iodide and ether and a residue consisting of slate-blue octahedral crystals of magnesium silicide is left.

Many are found as minerals, the more important of such naturally occurring carbonates being cerussite (lead carbonate, PbC03), malachite and azurite (both basic copper carbonates), calamine (zinc carbonate, ZnCO 3), witherite (barium carbonate, BaCO 3), strontianite (strontium carbonate, SrC03), calcite (calcium carbonate, CaC03), dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate, CaCO 3 MgCO 3), and sodium carbonate, Na 2 CO 3.

Most metals form carbonates (aluminium and chromium are exceptions), the alkali metals yielding both acid and normal carbonates of the types Mhco 3 and M 2 CO 3 (M = one atom of a monovalent metal); whilst bismuth, copper and magnesium appear only to form basic carbonates.

Water, at ordinary or slightly elevated temperatures, is decomposed more or less readily, with evolution of hydrogen gas and formation of a basic hydrate, by (I) potassium (formation of KHO), sodium (NaHO), lithium (LiOH), barium, strontium, calcium (BaH 2 O 2, &c.); (2) magnesium, zinc, manganese (MgO 2 H 2, &c.).

Potassium, for example, yields peroxide, K202 or K204; sodium gives Na202; the barium-group metals, as well as magnesium, cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, are converted into their monoxides MeO.

The sulphur exists in the soil chiefly in the form of sulphates of magnesium, calcium and other metals; the phosphorus mainly as phosphates of calcium, magnesium and iron; the potash, soda and other bases as silicates and nitrates; calcium and magnesium carbonates are also common constituents of many soils.

Second in importance is the carbonate, calamine (q.v.) or zinc spar, which at one time was the principal ore; it almost invariably contains the carbonates of cadmium, iron, manganese, magnesium and calcium, and may be contaminated with clay, oxides of iron, galena and calcite; "white calamine" owes its colour to much clay; "red calamine" to admixed iron and manganese oxides.

It does not react with the alkali metals, but combines with magnesium at a low red heat to form a boride, and with other metals at more or less elevated temperatures.

In 1808 Davy isolated sodium and potassium; he then turned his attention to the preparation of metallic calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium.

If the hot bead is colourless and remains clear on cooling, we may suspect the presence of antimony, aluminium, zinc, cadmium, lead, calcium and magnesium.

The solution contains magnesium, sodium and potassium, which are separately distinguished by the methods given under their own headings.

Neumann, who, in 1831, deduced from observations on many carbonates (calcium, magnesium, ferrous, zinc, barium and lead) that stoichiometric quantities (equimolecular weights) of compounds possess the same heat capacity.

For example, episomorphs of white potash alum and violet chrome alum, of white magnesium sulphate and green nickel sulphate, and of many other pairs of salts, have been obtained.

Magnesium sulphate (orthorhombic) takes up ferrous sulphate (monoclinic) to the extent of 19%, forming isomorphous orthorhombic crystals; ferrous sulphate, on the other hand, takes up magnesium sulphate to the extent of 54% to form monoclinic crystals.

Parker's series of photographs taken in the catacombs by the magnesium light.'

Hedenbergite, or calcium iron pyroxene, is a black mineral closely allied to diopside and, owing to the isomorphous replacement of iron by magnesium, there is no sharp line of division between them.

Mehner patented heating the oxides of silicon, boron or magnesium with coal or coke in an electric furnace, and then passing in nitrogen, which forms, with the metal liberated by the action of the carbon, a readily decomposable nitride.

It combines directly with lithium, calcium and magnesium when heated, whilst nitrides of the rare earth metals are also produced when their oxides are mixed with magnesium and heated in a current of nitrogen (C. Matignon, Comptes rendus, 1900, 131, p. 837).

Soon afterwards, William Cruickshank decomposed the magnesium, sodium and ammonium chlorides, and precipitated silver and copper from their solutions - an observation which led to the process of electroplating.

The dissolved salts (potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, &c.) of the latex are generally nearly entirely absent from the wellprepared rubber.

They are silicates, usually orthosilicates, of aluminium together with alkalis (potassium, sodium, lithium, rarely rubidium and caesium), basic hydrogen, and, in some species magnesium, ferrous and ferric iron, rarely chromium, manganese and barium.

Clarke (1889-1893) supposes them to be substitution derivatives of normal aluminium orthosilicate A14(S104)3, in which part of the aluminium is replaced by alkalis, magnesium, iron and the univalent groups (MgF), (A1F2),(AlO), (MgOH); an excess of silica is explained by the isomorphous replacement of H 4 SiO 4 by the acid H4S130s.

The treatment is the prompt use of emetics, or the stomach should be washed out, and large doses of sodium or magnesium sulphate given in order to form an insoluble sulphate.

The newer glasses, on the other hand, contain a much wider variety of chemical constituents, the most important being the oxides of barium, magnesium, aluminium and zinc, used either with or without the addition of the bases already named in reference to the older glasses, and - among acid bodies - boric anhydride (B20 3) which replaces the silica of the older glasses to a varying extent.

Smiles (Comptes rendus, 1902, pp. 5 6 9, 1 549) from the products obtained in the action of hydrochloric acid on magnesium silicide.

Numerous methods have been given for the preparation of magnesium silicide, Mg 2 Si, in a more or less pure state, but the pure substance appears to have been obtained by P. Lebeau (Cornptes rendus, 1908, 146, p. 282) in the following manner.

The metals of the alkalis and alkaline earths, also magnesium, burn in sulphur vapour as they do in oxygen.

Neither mechanical nor magnetic concentration can effect much in the way of separation when, as in many complex ores, carbonates of iron, calcium and magnesium replace the isomorphous zinc carbonate, when some iron sulphide containing less sulphur than pyrites replaces zinc sulphide, and when gold and silver are contained in the zinc ore itself.

It is chemically related to cadmium and mercury, the resemblance to cadmium being especially well marked; one distinction is that zinc is less basigenic. Zinc is capable of isomorphously replacing many of the bivalent metals - magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt and cadmium.

Zinc sulphate, like magnesium sulphate, unites with the sulphates of the potassium metals and of ammonium into crystalline double salts, ZnS04 R2S04-+-6H20, isomorphous with one another and the magnesium salts.

The isolation of metallic titanium is very difficult since it readily combines with nitrogen (thus resembling boron and magnesium) and carbon.

Titanium monoxide, TiO, is obtained as black prismatic crystals by heating the dioxide in the electric furnace, or with magnesium powder.

Bright meteors often emit the bluish-white light suggestive of burning magnesium.

In addition to magnesium and sodium the lines of potassium, lithium and also the carbon flutings exhibited in cometary spectra, has been seen.

Hermite, which consisted in the production of bleach-liquors by the electrolysis (according to the 1st edition of the 1884 patent) of magnesium or calcium chloride between platinum anodes carried in wooden frames, and zinc cathodes.

Rotating zinc cathodes were used, with scrapers to prevent the accumulation of a layer of insoluble magnesium compounds, which would otherwise increase the electrical resistance beyond reasonable limits.

For example, if vapours of the volatile metals cadmium, zinc and magnesium are allowed to act on platinum or palladium, alloys are produced.

Aluminium, when alloyed with a few per cent of magnesium, gains greatly in rigidity while remaining very light; this alloy, under the name of magnalium, is coming into use for small articles in which lightness and rigidity have to be combined.

The metal can be reduced by magnesium, zinc, cadmium, iron, tin, copper and substances like hypophosphorous acid from acid solutions or from alkaline ones by formaldehyde.

Tantalum tetroxide, Ta 2 0 4, is a porous dark grey mass harder than glass, and is obtained by reducing the pentoxide with magnesium.

In the Red Sea the " Pola " expedition discovered a calcareous .00ze similar to that of the Mediterranean, and the formation of a stony crust by precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonates may be recognized as giving origin to a recent dolomite.

The elements in addition to oxygen which exist in largest amount in sea salt are chlorine, bromine, sulphur, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium.

There must be considerable dissociation of molecules, and as a first approximation it may be taken that of io molecules of most of the components about 9 (or in the case of magnesium sulphate 5) have been separated into their ions, and that it is only during slow concentration as in a natural saline that the ions combine to produce the various salts in the proportions set out in the above table.

Magnesium sulphate amounts to 4.7% of the total salts of sea-water according to Dittmar, but to 23.6% of the salts of the Caspian according to Lebedinzeff; in the ocean magnesium chloride amounts to 10.9% of the total salts, in the Caspian only to 4.5%; on the other hand calcium sulphate in the ocean amounts to 3.6%, in the Caspian to 6.9 This disparity makes it extremely difficult to view ocean water as merely a watery extract of the salts existing in the rocks of the land.

The main ones are calcium and magnesium.

The ammonia found in the acetylene is probably partly due to the presence of magnesium nitride in the carbide.

The metal may be obtained by reduction of its oxide with magnesium.

Zirconium hydride, ZrH2, is supposed to be formed when zirconia is heated with magnesium in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

It may contain from 55 to 62% of calcium phosphate, with about 7% of magnesium phosphate.

The drug, along with gum, fatty oils, and malates of magnesium and calcium, contains also about 1% of cubebic acid, and about 6% of a resin.

Other constituents are cholesterol (0.461.32%), traces of calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and bromine, and various aliphatic amines which are really secondary products, being formed by the decomposition of the cellular tissue.

In its chemical properties it closely resembles barium and strontium, and to some degree magnesium; these four elements comprise the so-called metals of the "alkaline earths."

Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, is of exceptionally wide distribution in both the mineral and animal kingdoms. It constitutes the bulk of the chalk deposits and limestone rocks; it forms over one-half of the mineral dolomite and the rock magnesium limestone; it occurs also as the dimorphous minerals aragonite (q.v.) and calcite (q.v.).

The hydrogen in ammonia is capable of replacement by metals, thus magnesium burns in the gas with the formation of magnesium nitride Mg3N2, and when the gas is passed over heated sodium or potassium, sodamide, NaNH 2, and potassamide, KNH 2, are formed.

Sodium is largely employed in the manufacture of cyanides and in reduction processes leading to the isolation of such elements as magnesium, silicon, boron, aluminium (formerly), &c.; it also finds application in organic chemistry.

It does not burn, and does not support ordinary combustion, but the alkali metals and magnesium, if strongly heated, will continue to burn in the gas with formation of oxides and liberation of carbon.

It is worked up either for Epsom salt and common salt, or for sodium sulphate and magnesium chloride.

If the original solution contained the chlorides of magnesium or calcium or sulphate of potassium all impurities remain in the mother-liquor (the sulphur as KHS04), and can be removed by washing the precipitate with strong hydrochloric acid.

Later magnesium powder or ribbon was used, being set off in the same way.

A red-hot iron rod may also be used to set off the magnesium, which in turn ignites the thermit.

It is a silicate, containing aluminium, magnesium and iron' brought originally from Greenland, and since found in a rock from the Vizagapatam district in India.

Epsom salts crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, being isomorphous with the corresponding zinc and nickel sulphates, and also with magnesium chromate.

For the manufacture of Epsom salts and for other hydrated magnesium sulphates see Magnesium.

The spectra of magnesium, calcium, zinc, cadmium and mercury, give the two branch series, and each series is repeated three times with constant difference of frequency.

Magnesium is found widely distributed in nature, chiefly in the forms of silicate, carbonate and chloride, and occurring in the minerals olivine, hornblende, talc, asbestos, meerschaum, augite, dolomite, magnesite, carnallite, kieserite and kainite.

It may also be prepared by heating a mixture of carbon, oxide of iron and magnesite to bright redness; and by heating a mixture of magnesium ferrocyanide and sodium carbonate, the double cyanide formed being then decomposed by heating it with metallic zinc. Electrolytic methods have entirely superseded the older methods.

The problem of magnesium reduction is in many respects similar to that of aluminium extraction, bait the lightness of the metal as compared, bulk for bulk, with its fused salts, and the readiness with which it burns when exposed to air at high temperatures, render the problem somewhat more difficult.

Bunsen, in 1852, electrolysed fused magnesium chloride in a porcelain crucible.

In later processes, carnallite (a natural double chloride of magnesium and potassium) has commonly, after careful dehydration, been substituted for the single chloride.

Graetzel's process, which was at one time employed, consisted in electrolysing the chloride in a metal crucible heated externally, the crucible itself forming the cathode, and the magnesium being deposited upon its inner surface.

At intervals the current is interrupted, the cover removed, and the temperature of the vessel raised considerably above the melting-point of magnesium.

The solidified chloride is then broken up, the shots and fused masses of magnesium are picked out, run together in a plumbago crucible without flux, and poured into a suitable mould.

Smaller pieces are thrown into a bath of melted carnallite and pressed together with an iron rod, the bath being then heated until the globules of metal float to the top, when they may be removed in perforated iron ladles, through the holes in which the fused chloride can drain away, but through which the melted magnesium cannot pass by reason of its high surface tension.

Magnesium is a silvery white metal possessing a high lustre.

It is rapidly dissolved by dilute acids, with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of magnesium salts.

Magnesium Oxide, magnesia, MgO, occurs native as the mineral periclase, and is formed when magnesium burns in air; it may also be prepared by the gentle ignition of the hydroxide or carbonate.

Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2, occurs native as the minerals brucite and nemalite, and is prepared by precipitating solutions of magnesium salts by means of caustic soda or potash.

Magnesium hydroxide is a white amorphous solid which is only slightly soluble in water; the solubility is, however, greatly increased by ammonium salts.

When magnesium is heated in fluorine or chlorine or in the vapour of bromine or iodine there is a violent reaction, and the corresponding halide compounds are formed.

It may be prepared by dissolving the metal, its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate in dilute hydrochloric acid, or by mixing concentrated solutions of magnesium sulphate and common salt, and cooling the mixture rapidly, when the less soluble sodium sulphate separates first.

The hydrated salt loses water on heating, and partially decomposes into hydrochloric acid and magnesium oxychlorides.

To obtain the anhydrous salt, the double magnesium ammonium chloride, MgCl2 NH 4 C1.6H 2 O, is prepared by adding ammonium chloride to a solution of magnesium chloride.

The solution is evaporated, and the residue strongly heated, when water and ammonium chloride are expelled, and anhydrous magnesium chloride remains.

Magnesium chloride readily forms double salts with the alkaline chlorides.

Magnesium oxychloride when heated to redness in a current of air evolves a mixture of hydrochloric acid and chlorine and leaves a residue of magnesia, a reaction which is employed in the Weldon-Pechiney and Mond processes for the manufacture of chlorine.

It is not possible to prepare the normal carbonate by precipitating magnesium salts with sodium carbonate.

C. Marignac has prepared it by the action of calcium carbonate on magnesium chloride.

By - adding sodium phosphate to magnesium sulphate and allowing the mixture to stand, hexagonal needles of MgHPO 4.7H 2 O are deposited.

It may be prepared by adding normal sodium phosphate to a magnesium salt and boiling the precipitate with a solution of magnesium sulphate.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate, MgNH 4 PO 4.6H 2 O, is found as the mineral struvite and in some guanos; it occurs also in urinary calculi and is formed in the putrefaction of urine.

It is prepared by adding sodium phosphate to magnesium sulphate in the presence of ammonia and ammonium chloride.

Magnesium Nitrate, Mg(NO 3) 2.6H 2 O, is a colourless, deliquescent, crystalline solid obtained by dissolving magnesium or its carbonate in nitric acid, and concentrating the solution.

Water decomposes it with liberation of ammonia and formation of magnesium hydroxide.

Magnesium sulphide, MgS, may be obtained, mixed with some unaltered metal and some magnesia, as a hard brown mass by heating magnesia, in sulphur vapour.

Grignard (Comptes rendus, 1900 et seq.) observed that magnesium and alkyl or aryl halides combined together in presence of anhydrous ether at ordinary R temperatures (with the appearance of brisk boiling) to form compounds of the type RMgX(R = an alkyl or aryl group and X = halogen).

The products formed by the action of the Grignard reagent with the various types of organic compounds are usually thrown out of solution in the form of crystalline precipitates or as thick oils, and are then decomposed by ice-cold dilute sulphuric or acetic acids, the magnesium being removed as a basic halide salt.

A Klages (Ber., 1902, 35, pp. 2633 et seq.) has shown that if one uses an excess of magnesium and of an alkyl halide with a ketone, an ethylene derivative is formed.

The magnesium salts may be detected by the white precipitate formed by adding sodium phosphate (in the presence of ammonia and ammonium chloride) to their solutions.

The same reaction is made use of in the quantitative determination of magnesium, the white precipitate of magnesium ammonium phosphate being converted by ignition into magnesium pyrophosphate and weighed as such.

The atomic weight of magnesium has been determined by many observers.

These salts of magnesium may be regarded as the typical saline purgatives.

The oxide and carbonate of magnesium are also invaluable as antidotes, since they form insoluble compounds with oxalic acid and salts of mercury, arsenic, and copper.

The compounds of magnesium are not absorbed into the blood in any appreciable quantity, and therefore exert no remote actions upon other functions.

This is fortunate, as the result of injecting a solution of a magnesium salt into a vein is rapid poisoning.

The usual doses of the oxide and carbonate of magnesium are from half a drachm to a drachm.

Lacombe in 1904 obtained the pure salts by fractional crystallization of the nitric acid solution with magnesium nitrate in the presence of bismuth nitrate.

The other method by which nitrogen may be absorbed on a considerable scale is by the aid of magnesium.

At this temperature the nitrogen combines with the magnesium, and thus the argon is concentrated.

A still more potent absorption is afforded by calcium prepared in situ by heating a mixture of magnesium dust with thoroughly dehydrated quick-lime.

The density of argon, prepared and purified by magnesium, was found by Sir William Ramsay to be 19.941 on the O = 16 scale.

From the manner of its preparation it was clear at an early stage that argon would not combine with magnesium or calcium at a red heat, nor under the influence of the electric discharge with oxygen, hydrogen or nitrogen.

It attacks most metals readily, usually with production of a nitrate or hydrated oxide of the metal and one or other of the oxides of nitrogen, or occasionally with the production of ammonium salts; magnesium, however, liberates hydrogen from the very dilute acid.

Kaolin or China clay is essentially a pure disilicate (Al 2 O 3.2SiO 2.2H 2 O), occurring in large beds almost throughout the world, and containing in its anhydrous state 2 4.4% of the metal, which, however, in common clays is more or less replaced by calcium, magnesium, and the alkalis, the proportion of silica sometimes reaching 70%.

Other aluminates (in particular, of iron and magnesium), are of frequent occurrence in the mineral kingdom, e.g.

Like these they require water, small but indispensable quantities of salts of potassium, magnesium, sulphur and phosphorus, and supplies of carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials in different stages of complexity in the different cases.

At a density of 1.218 the deposit becomes augmented by sodium chloride, which goes down mixed with a little magnesium chloride and sulphate.

By night the liquor gives nearly pure magnesium sulphate; in the day the same sulphate mixed with sodium and potassium chlorides is deposited.

The mother-liquor now falls to a specific gravity of 1.3082 to 1.2965, and yields a very mixed deposit of magnesium bromide and chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, with the double magnesium and potassium sulphate, corresponding to the kainite of Stassfurt.

There is also deposited a double magnesium and potassium chloride, similar to the carnallite of Stassfurt, and finally the mother-liquor, which has now again risen to specific gravity 1.3374, contains only pure magnesium chloride.

Pure halite consists only of sodium chloride, but salt usually contains certain magnesium ccmpounds rendering it deliquescent.

The salt is commonly associated with gypsum, often also with anhydrite, and occasionally with sylvite, carnallite and other minerals containing potassium and magnesium.

The Stassfurt deposits are of special importance for the sake of the associated salts of potassium and magnesium, such as carnallite and kainite.

In Britain the brine is so pure that, keeping a small stream of it running into the pan to replace the losses by evaporation and the removal of the salt, it is only necessary occasionally (not often) to reject the mother-liquor when at last it becomes too impure with magnesium chloride; but in some works the mother-liquor not only contains more of this impurity but becomes quite brown from organic matter on concentration, and totally unfit for further service after yielding but two or three crops of salt crystals.

At times sodium sulphate is added to the brine, producing sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate by double decomposition with the magnesium chloride.

This destructive action is increased if the water contains sulphates or magnesium salts, both of which act chemically on the calcareous constituents of the cement.

As sea-water contains both sulphates and magnesium salts, it is especially necessary in concrete for harbour work to take every care to produce an impervious structure.

Manganese is found widely distributed in nature, being generally found to a greater or less extent associated with the carbonates and silicates of iron, calcium and magnesium, and also as the minerals braunite, hausmannite, psilomelane, manganite, manganese spar and hauerite.

Erdmann, again, has invented an induction from particular predicates to a totality of predicates which he calls " erganzende Induction, " giving as an example, " This body has the colour, extensibility and specific gravity of magnesium; therefore it is magnesium."

But this inference contains the tacit major, " What has a given colour, &c., is magnesium," and is a syllogism of recognition.

His method consisted in using magnesia instead of lime for the recovery of the ammonia (which occurs in the form of ammonium chloride in the ammonia-soda process), and then by evaporating the magnesium chloride solution and heating the residue in steam, to condense the acid vapours and so obtain hydrochloric acid.

The waters are tasteless and inodorous, and contain calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, combinations of hydrogen and silicon, and of iodides, bromides and lithium.

Magnesium phenyl bromide gives triphenyl vinyl alcohol.

Three oxides of barium are known, namely, the monoxide, BaO, the dioxide, Ba02, and a suboxide, obtained by heating Ba0 with magnesium in a vacuum to 110o (Guntz, loc. cit., 1906, p. 359).

In visiting the most famous wateringplaces, it is curious to note how one finds, in the various waters, here some chloride, there some sulphate, here some potash, there some magnesium, but in all of them we find water.

Simple alkaline waters containing carbonates, chiefly of sodium along with some magnesium and calcium, are drunk for their utility in gastric and intestinal disorders as well as in rheumatism and gout.

The crystals belong to the monoclinic system, and it is a curious fact that in habit and angles they closely resemble pyroxene (a silicate of calcium, magnesium and iron).

It combines with chlorides of the alkali metals to form double salts, and also with barium, calcium, strontium, and magnesium chlorides.

The brine is pumped into conduits, carried to large ponds and there evaporated by the sun; during late years the salt has been refined here, being purified of the sulphates and magnesium compounds which formerly rendered it efflorescent and of a low commercial grade.

Its solubility in water is lessened by sodium or magnesium sulphate, but is increased by potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and most acids.

Potassium, sodium and magnesium bromides are found in mineral waters, in river and sea-water, and occasionally in marine plants and animals.

Its chief commercial sources are the salt deposits at Stassfurt in Prussian Saxony, in which magnesium bromide is found associated with various chlorides, and the brines of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, U.S.A.; small quantities are obtained from the mother liquors of Chile saltpetre and kelp. In combination with silver it is found as the mineral bromargyrite (bromite).

It is manufactured from the magnesium bromide contained in "bittern" (the mother liquor of the salt industry), by two processes, the continuous and the periodic. The continuous process depends upon the decomposition of the bromide by chlorine, which is generated in special stills.

Calcium ferrite, magnesium ferrite and zinc ferrite, ROFe203(R=Ca, Mg, Zn), are obtained by intensely heating mixtures of the oxides; magnesium ferrite occurs in nature as the mineral magnoferrite, and zinc ferrite as franklinite, both forming black octahedra.

The important reducing agents include hydrogen, hydrides such as those of iodine, sulphur, phosphorus, &c., carbon, many metals, potassium, sodium, aluminium, magnesium, &c., salts of lower oxyacids, lower salts of metals and lower oxides.

It is an energetic oxidizing agent and is consequently readily reduced when heated with various metals (zinc, magnesium, &c.), with carbon and with oxalic acid.

Among them, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium and hydrogen are conspicuous; but it would be rash to assert that any of the seventy forms of matter provisionally enumerated in text-books are wholly absent from his composition.

Arsenic is usually estimated either in the form of magnesium pyroarsenate or as arsenic sulphide.

From the weight of magnesium pyroarsenate obtained the weight of arsenic can be calculated.

Similar sodium, ammonium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, barium and zinc salts have been obtained.

The chemical bodies which have played the most important part as agents of petrifaction are silicic acid and calcium carbonate, though other substances, such as magnesium carbonate, calcium sulphate and ferric oxide have also been concerned, either as the chief constituents of petrifac tions, or mixed with other bodies.

Calcium and magnesium have actions somewhat similar to that of potassium.

Ergo laptops are tougher magnesium alloy is many times stronger than plastic, however smart the latter may appear.

This noble alloy is found in the magnesium generator cover with titanium screws and dedicated sprocket cover of billet aluminum.

The second most common type, accounting for 6-20% of renal stones, is formed from struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate ).

Internal surfaces of the vessel are glass lined, with magnesium anodes offering full protection against corrosion.

For them switching to the salt form (sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate, etc.) often permits far higher tolerance.

Where trace elements are used, boron plus cocktails of zinc, magnesium, manganese and sulfur will be applied.

I found a small dropper bottle of a 33% solution of Magnesium chloride hidden at the back of a shelf.

Long-term use of ascorbic acid at high intake levels may deplete calcium, magnesium and potassium.

It is worth taking 600 mg magnesium to 300 mg calcium daily to see if this relieves the problem.

High definition automotive LCD screen housed in a magnesium alloy casing.

Two FV engines glued together in vee formation by means of a magnesium block casting became the Double Four Valve or DFV.

Last, but not least, we've added magnesium chelate for optimum muscle contraction.

The minerals calcium and magnesium govern the working of nerves which regulate muscle contractions.

Houghton Le Spring Houghton le Spring sits at the foot of the magnesium limestone escarpment northeast of Durham.

Meade Optical Coatings Aluminum Coatings with magnesium fluoride over coat provides bright images full of detail.

Dr. Spreen says, " magnesium gluconate or chelated magnesium would be my choices for the general buyer.

Mg (Magnesium) Converts flake graphite to spheroidal graphite giving strength & ductility.

Energy Conversion Devices touts its magnesium based atomically based engineered hydrides as capable of storing hydrogen efficiently and effectively.

Magnesium chloride isn't quite as purely ionic as we sometimes pretend!

Treatment of a large acute overdose should include gastric lavage, purgation with magnesium sulfate and complete bed rest.

Spreading trace elements and magnesium limestone is limited to my few improved pastures.

It also contains magnesium which improves the sexual appetite.

Results of these tests showed the metal to be pure magnesium.

Comments in this section are limited to effects from taking oral magnesium.

When mixed with other metals e.g. magnesium, to form an alloy it can be used in planes and trains.

Most people don't consume enough magnesium in their diets.

Therefore the ' Spring Fever ' of silliness in horses may actually have a dietary root, that of low magnesium in the grazing.

You are just not going to get much magnesium from drinking even the most nutrient rich mineral water.

Having a high serum magnesium level is a good way to help prevent CHD generally.

Magnesium and calcium magnesium and calcium Magnesium combined with calcium has a natural calming and pain relieving effect on the body.

It's a rich source of the minerals magnesium, potassium and phosphorus.

Trace elements -do you wish to add manganese or magnesium?

No evidence was found concerning magnesium oxide, which was not present at least in the analyzed samples (from Sample 1 ).

There was evidence also of mechanism [magnesium] which had been completely oxidized.

Magnesium and iron are also requisite for the growth of green plants.

The stage 2 electrics uses a light weight magnesium 80mm outer magneto rotor, which results in improved throttle response.

Mostly they occur in soft waters, water poor in calcium and magnesium and other dissolved salts.

Outside the core is the mantle, composed largely of magnesium silicates.

In this paper the oxygen K edges from a variety of chromium spinels and magnesium aluminate are presented.

Craig learned that the Dow Metallurgical Laboratory had over the years produced a number of experimental batches of magnesium containing strontium.

For comparison, a sample of triply sublimed magnesium was acquired from the Dow Chemical Company.

Osmotic laxatives The most commonly used osmotic laxatives include magnesium hydroxide, sodium potassium tartrate, lactulose and glycerol.

To prevent this occurring it would be sensible to re-introduce protection against magnesium tetany eg magnesium licks etc when turning cows onto such aftermaths.

Other treatments There is some evidence that taking thiamine (vitamin B1) or magnesium supplements can help reduce period pains.

Use water soluble forms of magnesium where rapid plant uptake is required.

For example, pets with hypertension or struvite urolithiasis should not be given water with high sodium or magnesium concentrations, respectively.

Change of temperature usually suffices to determine this, though in certain cases a variation in pressure is necessary; for instance, sodium magnesium uranyl acetate, NaMg(UO 2) 3 (C 2 H 3 O 2) 9.9H 2 O shows no change in density unless the observations are conducted under a considerable pressure.

The carbonic acid is taken from solution and then bicarbonate (usually that of magnesium) dissociates into carbonic acid and normal carbonate, and the process of photosynthesis ceases when there is no more bicarbonate in solution.

Beketoff, Ber., 1888, 21, p. 424 ref.); by reducing the carbonate (C. Winckler, Ber., 1890, 23, p. 51) or the hydroxide with magnesium (H.

The church which rose from the ashes was built from locally quarried magnesium limestone and heavily restored in the nineteenth century.

The magnesium sulfate solution should be saturated throughout the test.

When these adults were supplemented with magnesium for two years, their bone mineral density increased significantly.

Calcium and magnesium deposits are the two most common elements found in hard water, but depending on the area you live, you may also find manganese and ferrous iron.

Taurine, Arginine, Vitamin A, and magnesium are some examples of necessary additives, but there are many more.

And yes, lower magnesium contents are also better when addressing UT problems.

I have not been able to locate an organic cat food specifically labeled for use with recurring UTI's, so the best recommendation I can give is to compare the magnesium levels found in several organic brands and pick the one that is lowest.

Acai also provides plenty of potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc.

Many mineral makeup products contain good-for-the-skin minerals such as gold, zinc, magnesium, titanium and aluminum.

Back then, Longley and Martin used cameras encased in waterproof housing and multiple pounds of highly explosive magnesium flash powder to illuminate their underwater environment.

One medium potato provides a good amount of magnesium, potassium, fiber, vitamin C, iron, and niacin.

Along with the apoaequorin, it contains white rice flour, magnesium stearate and sodium chloride (salt).

Significant levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc are also contained in sunflower seeds, but note that you will have to eat an awful lot of sunflower seeds to reach the calcium levels of a glass of milk.

The scientific community has yet to tack on an official reason as to why, but many people believe it is because chocolate, or rather the cacao from which it comes, naturally contains magnesium, which women may need during their cycles.

A one-cup serving of the fruit also contains about 180 milligrams of potassium as well as small amounts of folate, vitamin A, vitamin B6, magnesium, and copper.

Performed by a dermatologist, the aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide high-pressure steam technique peels the top-most layer of skin to reduce imperfections.

Also, monitor the lawn's calcium level and shoot for a level of 7 to 1 in calcium to magnesium.

A magnesium deficiency can also cause a gardenia's leaves to turn yellow.

An easy way to add magnesium to the soil is to sprinkle Epsom salts around the base of the plant.

A conventional fertilizer containing magnesium will also do the trick.

Some studies show that foods grown through the use of standard chemical-based farming practices have fewer vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, iron, and magnesium.

These three nutrients create rapid plant growth, but other minerals such as calcium and magnesium are often overlooked.

Magnesium chloride is less corrosive that other chemical products and works well for melting ice.

Deficiencies of minerals such as iron, magnesium and folate can cause RLS symptoms.

Supplement a healthy diet with magnesium, folate and iron, which are often lacking in individuals suffering from RLS.

In addition, almonds also have magnesium in them.

If your diet does not contain enough calcium, magnesium or potassium, this could lead to the development of leg cramping.

Foods rich in magnesium will have a natural sedative.

You can also take magnesium supplements.

Early administration of magnesium to serve as a potential neuroprotective agent.

Studies have shown neuroprotectant properties of magnesium sulfate in animal models of stroke, and improved outcomes following magnesium sulfate treatment in humans have been observed following small pilot studies.

Saline cathartics include dibasic sodium phosphate (Phospo-Soda), magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), sodium biphosphate, and others.

Magnesium sulfate is the most potent of the laxatives in this group.

Excessive use of magnesium salts may cause hypermanesemia.

Excessive use of laxatives that contain sodium or magnesium may result in dangerously high blood levels of these elements.

Magnesium can reduce the fluid retention that causes bloating, while calcium may decrease both irritability and bloating.

Magnesium and calcium also help relax smooth muscles, and this may reduce cramping.

If taken longer, they can produce diarrhea, interfere with calcium absorption in the body, and build up magnesium, which can damage the kidneys.

Electrolytes are salts (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate) that become ions when mixed with fluids in the body and blood and have the ability to conduct electricity.

Tests to check changes in blood chemistry (potassium, magnesium, etc.) and a complete blood count (CBC) are also often performed.

It has been found that certain minerals, including magnesium, sulfur, silica, and zinc are also important for maintaining healthy hair.

As far as human nutrition is concerned, the inorganic nutrients include water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, sulfate, magnesium, iron, fluorine, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, iodine, selenium, and molybdenum.

The use of magnesium sulfate in pregnant women with preeclampsia or threatened preterm delivery may reduce the risk of CP in very preterm infants.

Once in the body, they compete with and displace essential minerals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium, and interfere with organ system function.

Tetracyclines should not be taken at the same time as foods containing calcium or foods containing iron, magnesium, or aluminum.

Nutritional supplementation with magnesium, as well as botanical medicines that calm the nervous system, can also be helpful.

The minerals that are relevant to human nutrition are water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, sulfate, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, and molybdenum.

Magnesium is found in so many parts of the body that it is almost impossible to describe the effects of low magnesium levels.

The most common problems are twitching, and, because of the need for magnesium in the parathyroid gland, soft bones even when calcium and vitamin D are adequate.

Because magnesium is found in most foods, deficiency is usually associated with absorption problems and requires medical attention.

Too much calcium in the diet may inhibit absorption of iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc.

Supplements of vitamin E, niacin, calcium, and magnesium may also help to relieve the likelihood of night cramps, especially when taken at bedtime.

Some evidence has shown that vitamin therapy with vitamin B6 and magnesium supplementation can help children with autism and PDDNOS.

Magnesium protects the lining of arteries and helps form bones.

By acting with vitamin B6, magnesium can help prevent or dissolve calcium oxylate kidney stones, the most common kind of stones.

Dietary magnesium deficiency is uncommon, but may occur in chronic alcoholics, persons taking diuretic drugs, and as a result of severe, prolonged diarrhea.

Phosphorus is closely related to calcium and the two minerals should be in balance with each other and with magnesium.

Similarly, too much calcium will deplete magnesium, and so on.

Deficiency of calcium or imbalances with phosphorus and magnesium can produce muscle cramping and digestive problems.

Although diarrheal fluids deplete a number of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), the main concern in avoiding shock is replacing sodium and water.

Dietary magnesium deficiency is rare because the mineral is found in nearly all foods, but it can occur through poor diet or in malnutrition, or result from excessive losses due to severe diarrhea or vomiting.

Symptoms of magnesium deficiency include faulty transmission of nerve and muscle impulses, irritability, nervousness, and tantrums.

Magnesium deficiency is associated with cardiac arrest, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, depression, insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome, and lung conditions.

Diagnosing low levels or imbalances of the electrolytes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or phosphate involves measuring the serum levels of each.

Normal serum magnesium levels are 1.2-2.0 mE/l, while levels in deficiency (hypomagnesemia) are below 0.8 mE/l.

Because calcium and magnesium must remain balanced, magnesium levels below 0.5 mE/l can provoke a decline in serum calcium levels.

A magnesium-rich diet will correct magnesium deficiency.

If deficiency is due to prolonged depletion, treatment may include injections of magnesium sulfate; if severe enough to provoke convulsions, intravenous infusions may be given.

Magnesium is found in most foods, primarily animal and fish sources.

Magnesium levels may be measured, since magnesium increases the activity of Clostridium.

It is important to avoid products that contain magnesium, since magnesium enhances the effect of the toxin.

Some research suggests that vitamin B supplements, primarily vitamin B6 in a complex, magnesium, and fish oil supplements (omega-3 fatty acids) also may help relieve cramps.

If labor does not stop, your doctor may give you magnesium sulfate through an IV.

Magnesium sulfate will relax all of your muscles.

There is a great deal of debate about the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate.

Magnesium helps every organ in the body.

While most people don't get enough magnesium in their diets, an actual magnesium deficiency is rare.

Alta Magnesium Chloride is an easily digestible form of magnesium that should improve overall energy and health.

Vitamin B6, beta-carotene (vitamin A precursor), inositol, biotin and folic acid are important components, as are the minerals zinc, magnesium, and sulfur.

That same serving size contains 6.1 grams of dietary fiber, 59 mg of magnesium, and 0.5 mg of zinc.

Bee pollen is full of protein, carbohydrates, iron, magnesium, and other trace minerals.

Strengthens immune system - Bee pollen has both mono and polyunsaturated fats, proteins, vitamins B, C, D, E, and beta-carotene, calcium, magnesium, selenium, nucleic acids, lecithin, and cysteine.

If taken with other metabolites that aid in the creation of serotonin - vitamin B, niacin and magnesium, which a multivitamin should provide - 5HTP can help deal with many of the same health issues that people take tryptophan for.

Vitamin D, along with calcium and magnesium, is essential for healthy bone formation.

Many holistic health practitioners also recommend watching the balance of other minerals too, especially calcium and magnesium, since vitamins and minerals work in concert for optimal health.

The product also contains about five percent coral calcium and four percent magnesium citrate, both forms of these nutrients thought to be more easily absorbed and used by the body.

Raw dark chocolate, also known as raw cacao, is very rich in minerals, including magnesium.

Along with calcium, magnesium is the other major mineral deficiency associated with muscle cramps.

Magnesium is primarily responsible for activating countless enzymes in the human body.

Magnesium is required to maintain the electrical charges in cells, particularly in muscle cells.

Magnesium deficiency is often related to factors that inhibit absorption or increase its excretion from the body.

Magnesium deficiency is also related to consuming a diet that is high in processed foods.

Magnesium is present in many whole foods.

However, people who consume a lot of processed foods such as boxed meals, fast food, refined flours, and soda pop are at an increased risk for developing a magnesium deficiency.

This supplement contains vitamins C, D2, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folic acid, iodine, zinc, copper and magnesium, along with PABA, Fenugreek, Aloe Vera and silica.

Country Life Maxi-Hair Tablets - Also designed for hair, nails, and skin, this multivitamin blend contains magnesium, cellulose, and other nutrients.

These symptoms can be caused by deficiencies of potassium and magnesium.

Known as computer eye candy, these elegant tech toys are housed in lightweight, yet extremely strong, magnesium alloy that can be customized according to your color preference.

Chromium, cobalt, magnesium and other minerals heal inside your skin, giving you a permanent colorful mark.

Along with the secretin, a vitamin compound consisting of vitamins A, B-1, B-2, B-6, B-12, magnesium, zinc, chromium, calcium, and lecithin should be given.

Your body also needs minerals, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

If it's a problem you can always take fiber supplements but you may not need them if you are eating enough fat and supplementing magnesium along with your other vitamins and minerals.

Many minerals are thought to play a role in depression, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium.

Conclusions state that children incorporating more vegetables and fiber along with nutrients like vitamin E, calcium and magnesium actually lower the risk of developing asthma.

Get lots of calcium, magnesium and potassium while cutting back on sodium.

Enjoy lots of low-fat dairy, broccoli and other sources of calcium, pumpkin seeds, Brazil nuts or bran cereal for magnesium, and bananas, sweet potatoes and tomato paste for potassium.

You can barely taste it, and the dark green leaves give a healthy boost of iron, folate, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, magnesium, and many other nutrients.

In addition, too much fiber can impede the absorption of minerals like zinc, iron, magnesium and calcium.

Other diets focusing on low carbohydrates soon sprang up afterwards, addressing the concerns such as low blood mineral levels of calcium and magnesium and issues regarding cholesterol from going low carb.