Incidence Sentence Examples
Another exception to the incidence of tithes were abbey lands.
After the administration of justice he directed his organizing activity, as the circumstances demanded, chiefly towards financial questions - the incidence of taxation in the conquered territories,' and the application of the vast resources which poured into the treasury at Medina.
Differences of refractive index produce their greatest dispersive effects when incidence on the refracting surface is nearly tangential.
Light from an arc lamp was so directed that only that part reached the spectroscope which fell upon the flame of the burner at grazing incidence, and was thereby refracted.
The distinction between a burial ground provided under the Burial Acts and a cemetery provided under the act of 1879 is important in many ways, of which one only need be mentioned here - the expenses under the Burial Acts are paid out of the poor rate, while the expenses under the act of 1879 are paid in an urban district out of the general district rate, the incidence of which differs materially from that of the poor rate, as will be seen hereafter.
In the course of fifty years, it may be said, the balance will be rectified, and the whole class to which the individuals belong, and the property they own, will be visited in turn, so that this taxation should be credited to them in an account of the incidence of taxes generally; but fifty years is altogether too long a period for such adjustments to be made.
Exceptionally, it may be added, as regards the licence taxes, which occupy quite an inferior place in the British system of taxation for imperial purposes, that the question whether some of them are not really direct in their incidence on the first person charged may also be raised, although they are classed with indirect taxes.
The population of the city is 821,764, but during the earlier plague period large numbers fled, so that the foregoing figures do not give the true plague incidence according to population.
If the object point 0 be infinitely distant, u, and u 2 are to be replaced by h l and h 2, the perpendicular heights of incidence; the " sine condition " then becomes sin u',/h 1 = sin u' 2 /h 2 .
One difficulty is caused by the large proportion of the taxes in almost every system of taxation, and at any rate in the British system, where the exact incidence is in no way traceable, or where there is no sort of general agreement as to the incidence.
AdvertisementThus a very large proportion of the total revenue cannot be made available for an account showing the incidence of taxation.
As soon divorce the investigation of the shape and material of a mirror from the laws of the incidence of the rays that form images in it, and call it a science of reflection!
So that, were a glass so exactly figured as to collect any one sort of rays into one point, it could not collect those also into the same point, which having the same Incidence upon the same Medium are apt to suffer a different refraction.
The zemstvos were originally given large powers in relation to the incidence of taxation, and such questions as education, public health, roads and the like.
These, it is said, can be distributed among different classes of tax-payers, because the income tax falls on the owners of incomes of all kinds of property subject to the duty, if their incomes are above a certain limit, while the incidence of customs and excise duties can be ascertained by inquiries as to the consumption of dutiable articles by different classes.
AdvertisementTo establish, therefore, any fair account of the incidence of indirect taxes on different classes of the community, real classes being distinguished, and not a mere rough grouping into so-called classes of units who are altogether heterogeneous, is probably beyond the skill of man.
In studying equality, moreover, local taxation must be brought into view, with even more impracticable differences of opinion as to the real incidence of the taxation.
Examining the light reflected from the windows of the Luxemburg palace with a doubly refracting prism, he was led to infer (though more refined experiments have shown that this is not strictly the case) that light reflected at a certain angle, called the polarizing angle, from the surface of transparent substances has the same properties with respect to the plane of incidence as those of the ordinary stream in Iceland spar with respect to the principal plane of the crystal.
Thus in accordance with the definition, it is polarized in the plane of incidence.
Further, if polarized light fall at the polarizing angle on a reflecting surface, the intensity of the reflected stream depends upon the azimuth of the plane of incidence, being proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle between this plane and the plane of the polarization.
AdvertisementAt angles other than the polarizing angle common light gives a reflected stream .that behaves as a mixture of common light with light polarized in the plane of incidence, and is accordingly said to be partially polarized in that plane.
Arago showed that at all angles of incidence the reflected and refracted streams contain equal quantities of polarized light.
It follows then that if a stream of light be incident at the polarizing angle on a pile of parallel transparent plates of the same nature, each surface in turn will be met by the light at the polarizing angle and will give rise to a reflected portion polarized in the plane of incidence.
When light from an extended source is made to converge upon the crystal, the phenomenon of rings and brushes localized at infinity is obtained.The exact calculation of the intensity in this case is very complicated and the resulting expression is too unwieldy to be of any use, but as an approximation the formula for the case of a parallel beam may be employed, the quantities and p therein occurring being regarded as functions of the angle and plane of incidence and consequently as variables.
The determination of the curves of constant retardation depends upon expressing the retardation in terms of the optical constants of the crystal, the angle of incidence and the azimuth of the plane of incidence.
AdvertisementIf the incident light be polarized in a plane, making an angle a with the plane of incidence, the stream may be resolved into two that are polarized in the principal azimuths, and these will be reflected in accordance with the above laws.
In the contrary case, total reflection commences as soon as sin i =µ 1, µ being still the relative refractive index of the more highly refracting medium; and for greater angles of incidence r becomes imaginary.
Although tizanidine is related to the centrally acting antihypertensive clonidine, it has a relatively low incidence of systemic hypotension.
In the mouse study, there was a significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma.
The incidence of the potentially life threatening peanut allergy has doubled during the last ten years.
The incidence of retinal angioma does not appear to be correlated with specific germline mutations.
Previous data have suggested that an epidural may increase the incidence of chronic backache.
Cancer incidence was determined by linkage with the Danish cancer incidence was determined by linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry.
The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between specific dietary carotenoids and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD ).
The incidence of infected cattle is still increasing, with 30,000 infected animals destroyed over the last four years.
An Action Medical Research team has been looking at ways of reducing the incidence of hip dislocation in children with bilateral cerebral palsy.
The incidence of meningococcal disease remains comparable with the corresponding quarter of 1997.
Matta reported a 5% incidence of infection but was able to manage these cases successfully with early aggressive debridement.
Because of its effect on increasing blood flow to the gut, spinal anesthesia reduces the incidence of anastomotic dehiscence.
At diagnosis, the incidence of p16 homozygous and hemizygous deletion in this group was 32% and 20% respectively.
This is important when considering elderly people because of the rise in age related cardiac problems and the incidence of mature onset diabetes mellitus.
There is evidence that the cumulative steroid dosage is directly related to the incidence of unwanted effects.
This study has been included, looking only at the effect of subglottic drainage on the incidence of VAP.
Murray ADN, Calcutt C. The incidence of amblyopia in longstanding untreated infantile esotropia.
The incidence of AAR is greater among patients who have rejected a previous graft.
Thus, it might be expected that non-specific immunosuppression would lead to an increase in the incidence of cancer in transplant patients.
These factors may actually increase the incidence of the problem in a highly inbred line.
There is also abundant observational information showing that frequent use of NSAIDs or aspirin is associated with reduced incidence of some cancers.
New Zealand now has the highest incidence of skin cancer in the world.
In 2002, GROS published an Occasional Paper entitled ' The raised incidence of Winter Deaths ' .
Good sight lines are important acoustically as they prevent absorption of the direct sound by grazing incidence over the heads of the audience.
You work in a non-fluoride area with a high caries incidence.
A very useful tool for checking tb incidence among badgers would the PCR.
Breast cancer incidence rates increase most rapidly with age through the ages of 40 to 49 years.
Increasing popularity of oversees holidays is partly blamed for an alarming rise in malignant melanoma incidence.
Anything, therefore, that reduces the incidence of such families is likely to reduce incivility and anti-social behavior among the young.
There is also quite a high incidence of firms charging extra during extremely inclement weather.
The major killers today are heart and vascular disease, chronic degenerative diseases and cancer, largely incurable and increasing in incidence.
Very low birthweight infants with clinical seizures have a higher incidence of impairment than preterm infants without seizures 34.
The mathematical formulation presented assumes normal irradiance of the incident light on the sample but this can be altered for acute incidence.
A benefit who companies see James j. Source of care incidence and provisions expenditures were partitioned.
Image characteristics such as foreshortening, layover, and shadowing will be subject to wide variations, across a large incidence angle range.
No increased incidence was found for acute myeloid leukemia or brain cancer which were of interest a priori based on earlier studies.
The incidence of both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis has fallen over recent decades.
It is less clear whether reducing skin microflora leads to a lower incidence of surgical site infection.
With 44 new cases diagnosed in a six year period, we established an incidence for seropositive myasthenia gravis of 10.5 per million population.
The damage was serious in a 50 hectare citrus orchard in Antalya, with a disease incidence of nearly 100% .
There is a lower incidence of field pansy under reduced cultivation systems.
A low incidence of forestomach squamous papillomas and one carcinoma of the forestomach was observed at the 24 mg/kg a day dose level.
In rats, there was a small increase in the incidence of transitional cell papillomas in the urinary bladder and kidney.
Appropriate statistical tests were made to compare the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in the two groups.
The National Birthday Trust Fund study of planned home births in the UK reported on the incidence of cord prolapse.
These indicators suggest that the incidence of Mobile Phone Theft is roughly proportionate to the increase in their consumption.
This relatively low incidence rate reflects the current situation in similar African countries for canine rabies.
The incidence of locally recurrent melanoma during the study period was 2.2% .
It found a significant dose-response relationship between electric field exposure and incidence.
Here is a graph of the correlation between badger roadkill tuberculosis prevalence and cattle tuberculosis incidence.
While very few people actually have scurvy, even minor deficiencies of vitamin C can increase the incidence of bruising.
In addition to reducing the incidence of flooding, there will also be fewer disruptions arising from emergency repairs to defective sewers.
The incidence of daily heroin use remained similar to that found in both previous surveys at under 1% .
The main finding was a 49% reduction in the incidence of breast cancer among the participants who were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen.
The program rapidly reduced the incidence of bovine tb in the UK but final eradication has proved elusive.
The primary endpoint with respect to efficacy was the incidence of venous thromboembolism.
Too rapid titration may be associated with an increased incidence of adverse events.
In beef cows, who have small udders, the incidence of mastitis is a fraction of that in dairy herds (29 ).
Decreasing incidence of occupational contact urticaria caused by natural rubber latex allergy in German health care workers.
A fact that was amply illustrated, moreover, is that the period of incidence of a drought is not less important than its duration, and the same is true of abnormal rainfall.
The deviation is thus seen to vary with the angle of incidence; and by considering a set of parallel rays passing through the same principal plane of the sphere and incident at all angles, it can be readily shown that more rays will pass in the neighbourhood of the position of minimum deviation than in any other position (see Refraction).
By his researches on the migration of the white corpuscles of the blood Cohnheim, on the bases laid by Virchow, brought the processes of inflammation within the scope of the normal, seeing in them but a modification of normal processes under perturbations of relatively external incidence; even the formation of abscess was thus brought by him within the limits of perversion of processes not differing essentially from those of health; and "new formations," "plastic exudations," and other discontinuous origins of an "essential" pathology, fell into oblivion.
It was objectionable on account of its unequal incidence, of the harassing investigation into private affairs which it entailed, and of the frauds to which it inevitably led.
Statistical inquiries as to the incidence of taxation or of particular taxes, though ideal or even approximate equality of a palpable arithmetical kind is practically unattainable by governments, are not altogether to be put aside.
As the incidence of purpura haemorrhagica is very low, its occurrence cannot be ruled out completely.
Eleven patients with 13 ankles had residual pain, with radiographs showing a high incidence of radiolucent lines.
Handley 's piece on the reckoning of time brings out the genuinely anomalous incidence of consular dating within the territories of the Burgundian kingdom.
The incidence of locally recurrent melanoma during the study period was 2.2 %.
Surveillance of breast cancer incidence rates through population-based cancer registries has provided some of the initial hints related to risk factors.
Brown rust of barley The high incidence of barley brown rust in 1989 was reflected in the large number of leaf samples received.
Our work has the potential to reduce the incidence of Salmonellosis in humans in the future.
The incidence of scrapie in sheep is there to be tackled now.
The US research certainly suggests that the incidence of polydipsia is high, and that self-induced water intoxication is common.
A study of 14,000 babies has shown that the type of diaper used is not significant in relation to incidence of diaper rash.
The incidence of daily heroin use remained similar to that found in both previous surveys at under 1 %.
The risk for depth electrodes is approximately 1% per electrode; the incidence of meningitis is higher with subdural grids.
The relative incidence and effect of bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle.
The program rapidly reduced the incidence of bovine Tb in the UK but final eradication has proved elusive.
The most reliable information on the incidence of thromboembolism in patients receiving chemotherapy comes from breast cancer.
However, the incidence of tuberculous disease in UK cattle caused by M. bovis is increasing.
The incidence of turpentine contact dermatitis has declined in countries where legislation has resulted in the substitution of other solvents.
In beef cows, who have small udders, the incidence of mastitis is a fraction of that in dairy herds (29).
Does the use of heat and moisture exchangers rather than heated humidifiers affect the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia?
Intermittent flooding will reduce the incidence of unwanted weedy species.
Longitudinal studies demonstrate that maternal smoking is associated with an increased incidence of wheezing illness, particularly at younger ages.
Incidence is also used to describe the frequency of events such as wheezing attacks and hospital admissions.
Incidence The incidence of PHN is between 9 and 14% one month after the herpes zoster eruption.
However, don't use any blankets, loose sheets, pillows, or animals in your baby's crib to reduce the incidence of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
Research has shown a connection between pacifiers and a reduced incidence of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
The incidence of twins has certainly seen an explosion in the last several decades.
For example, certain states have been found to have a higher incidence of twin births, such as Connecticut and Massachusetts.
The incidence of SIDS has been lowered by as much as 75 percent since parents have been advised to place infants on their backs during nap or sleep time.
Many cats that have had a feline urinary tract infection will have at least one other incidence in their lifetime.
There are a few breeds that have a higher incidence of chronic renal failure than other breeds.
There is a reported increase in the incidence of seizures in people with prior seizure disorders or with those who are taking anesthetics.
According to the National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, patients in clinical trials using black cohosh report a low incidence of black cohosh side effects.
Many people find that by drastically reducing or even eliminating caffeine, they lessen the severity or incidence of panic attacks.
While the ultimate nightmare that surrounds an incidence of teenage drunk driving is the death of a young person, teens who drink and drive face many other serious issues as well.
According to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, meth use is nearly equal between the two genders with only a slightly higher incidence of men using meth.
The most concerning is the incidence of depression and suicide attempts as approximately 25% of those with BDD make attempts to end their lives.
The increased incidence of asthma has been linked to lack of ventilation and breathing "stale" air.
Smokers also have increased incidence of irregular or painful menstrual periods.
Standing while on the job tends to reduce the incidence of upper body strain health complaints.
Education is an important part of preventing skin cancer and other types of sun damage, and sharing this information when children are young can only help to lower the incidence of these health issues.
The incidence of most cancers increases greatly with age.
While CPAP treatments alone cannot cure obstructive sleep apnea, if the apnea is caused by excessive fat in the neck and soft tissue stretching, losing weight may decrease incidence and help the patient sleep more soundly.
Without regular sleep and good eating habits, the body's natural defenses begin to break down and this leads to a higher incidence rate of colds and flu which can contribute to absenteeism, lack of sleep and grouchiness.
The incidence of biliary atresia is highest in Asian populations.
Certain studies suggest that cancer incidence is lower in areas where soil and foods are rich in the mineral selenium.
The incidence of acute and chronic leukemias is about the same.
The incidence of acute leukemia is slightly higher among men than women.
A higher incidence of leukemia has also been observed among persons with Down syndrome and some other genetic abnormalities.
The incidence of toxoplasmosis in newborns is one in 1,000 live births.
Male children have been shown to have a higher incidence of febrile seizures.
It has an annual peak incidence of 50 new cases per 1,000 children during the second year of life.
The incidence decreases significantly after age six.
Its incidence in the United States has doubled since 1970.
The rising incidence of anorexia is thought to reflect the present idealization of thinness as a badge of upper-class status as well as of female beauty.
Although anorexia nervosa largely affects females, its incidence in the male population is rising in the early 2000s.
Anorexia nervosa is a serious public health problem not only because of its rising incidence, but also because it has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder.
Hispanic females also have a greater incidence of cervical cancer than Caucasian females.
Mexican-American men and women and African-American males have a higher incidence of hypertension.
Educational programs for illicit IV drug abusers and persons who engage in unprotected sexual intercourse may decrease the incidence of HIV infection.
The diagnosis of adjustment disorder is a very common one for both children and teens, with a higher incidence among children than adults.
Lies differ in type, incidence, magnitude and consequence, with many gradations of severity, from harmless exaggeration and embellishment of stories, to intentional and habitual deceit.
The incidence of prosocial or "white lies," tends to increase in children as they grow older.
This research also reveals a correlation between higher IQ and the incidence of lying in children.
Unfortunately, even at low dosages, these drugs bring a high incidence of side effects.
It is estimated that pregnancies resulting from assisted technologies have a 25-30 percent incidence of twins and a 5 percent incidence of triplets.
The exact incidence of spasticity is not known.
The skin-prick test for foods (not for aeroallergens) has a high incidence of false positives; that is, the test may be positive but the child is not truly allergic, or does not have symptoms from the food.
There is no evidence as of the early 2000s that the incidence of either primary or secondary amenorrhea is related to race or ethnic background.
The number of people affected depends on the disease, but for many diseases incidence is as little as one in 40,000 people.
Follow-up studies of conduct-disordered children have shown a high incidence of antisocial personality disorder, affective illnesses, and chronic criminal behavior in adulthood.
There is also less of a gender gap in adolescent-onset conduct disorder, as girls approach boys in CD incidence.
The incidence of adenovirus infection does not appear to differ among males and females or individuals of different race.
The incidence of childhood schizophrenia is thought to be one in 10,000 births.
In comparison, the incidence among adolescents and adults is approximately one in 100.
Relatives of schizophrenics also have a higher incidence of other milder psychological disorders with some of the same symptoms as schizophrenia, such as suspicion, communication problems, and eccentric behavior.
The incidence of non-penetrating injuries to the eye, which includes corneal abrasions, is 1.57 percent per year.
For those who engage in welding, eye protection, including the use of helmets, decreases the incidence a corneal abrasions caused by welding burns.
According to the National Cancer Institute, the incidence of A-T is between one out of 40,000 and one out of 100,000 persons worldwide, and for Caucasians it is about three per million, so the disorder is very rare.
Estimates of the incidence of FMF in specific eastern Mediterranean populations range from one in 2,000 Arabs to one in 250 Sephardic Jews, one in 500 Armenians, and one in 1,000 Turks.
The frequency of amyloidosis varies among the different ethnic groups, and its overall incidence is difficult to determine because of the use of colchicine to avert the problem.
Because of the many conditions that cause macrocephaly, a true assessment of its incidence is difficult.
One recent study noted that the babies of mothers who smoke have a higher incidence of colic.
To decrease the incidence canker sores, parents may consider changing to a toothpaste free of sodium laurylsulfate.
Among the distinctions that separate this form of periodontitis are the low incidence of bacteria in the periodontal pocket, minimal plaque formation, and mild inflammation.
Strep throat occurs more often among children than adults, with incidence at peak in fall and winter when school is in session and contact with other children is highest.
The incidence of impulse control disorders in children and adolescents is difficult to determine.
The incidence of Menkes disease, which primarily affects boys, is variously estimated at one in 50,000 to one in 250,000 persons.
Although CP is the leading cause of disability in children, its incidence in the United States did not changed much between the 1980s and the early 2000s.
Advances in medicine have decreased the incidence from some causes.
Preventing the underlying disorder may reduce the incidence of paresthesias.
The highest incidence of meningitis occurs in babies less than a month old, with an increased risk of meningitis continuing through about two years of age.
Psoriasis affects people of all ethnicities, but fair-skinned individuals have a slightly higher incidence.
By 1977, only 111 cases of HCP were recorded; in Denmark, the estimated incidence is two in one million people.
Among that population, the incidence is approximately three in 1,000 persons.
Among other populations, the incidence of VP is estimated to be one to two cases per 100,000 persons.
Its incidence decreased by about 9 percent, which it has been doing since 1988.
Again, as in vitro fertilization is more widely done, the incidence of multiple births will increase.
Though the incidence of male circumcision has decreased from 90 percent in 1979 to 60 percent in 2002, it is still the most common surgical procedure in the United States.
Though studies indicate that uncircumcised boys under the age of five are 20 times more likely than circumcised boys to have urinary tract infections (UTIs), the rate of incidence of UTIs is quite low.
Here again, the rate of incidence is low.
Circumcised girls have a high incidence of infertility and sexual dysfunction as adults.
However, 1987 noted a five-fold increase in the incidence of the disease because of the reluctance of some states to adopt comprehensive school immunization laws.
The incidence of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases has increased along with the dramatic increase in meat consumption during the twentieth century.
Lactobacillus bifidus-A property of breast milk that interferes with the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of babies, reducing the incidence of diarrhea.
In the United States and first world countries, the incidence of mastoiditis is 0.004 percent.
Developing countries have a higher incidence of mastoiditis, presumably resulting from untreated otitis media.
The highest incidence occurs in infants aged six to 13 months.
The incidence in the general population is estimated at about 1 percent.
It affects one in 100 live births or as many as 40,000 infants born each year in the United States, and it is felt that the incidence is significantly under-reported.
The incidence appears to be increasing, however.
The incidence of attachments to soft objects in the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Sweden is comparable to that in the United States.
There has been considerable debate in the early 2000s over the incidence of narcolepsy.
In the early 2000s vaccines have greatly reduced the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) epiglottitis, and the disease is more frequently seen in adults.
In a number of countries the incidence of SIDS dropped by 50 percent or more.
In the United States, the AAP recommendations reduced the incidence of front-sleeping in infants from over 70 percent in 1992 to 24 percent in 1996.
Asian populations, which have a low incidence of SIDS.
The exact incidence of muscle cramps and spasms is not known.
Prolonged sitting, inappropriate leg positioning during sedentary activity, or standing on concrete flooring for prolonged periods may be associated with an increased incidence of leg cramps.
Taking a warm bath before bedtime may increase circulation to the legs and reduce the incidence of nighttime leg cramps.
The incidence of growth failure of American children is difficult to assess.
Many studies have documented a very low incidence of injury in the total spectrum of youth sporting endeavors, according to the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM).
Because diseases that compromise the immune system such as HIV infection or sarcoidosis can also result in Bell's palsy, there are geographical variations in the incidence of the disease.
Bell's palsy is seen more commonly in areas where AIDS or sarcoidosis are more prevalent, but its incidence overall throughout the world remains constant.
There is no difference in the incidence of Bell's palsy between males and females, nor does race seem to be a factor.
In addition to incidence, severity of symptoms and recovery rates appear to be equal across both gender and racial lines.
This syndrome is usually an adult disease whose incidence increases after the age of 50.
The incidence of testicular cancer in men who did not have both testes descend normally is about 1 in 2000.
The incidence of the disease increases with age.
The incidence of chronic leukemia is slightly higher among men than women.
The incidence of nail-patella syndrome is approximately one in 50,000 births.
The exact incidence of the disease is uncertain.
People with insulin-dependent diabetes (type I) have a much higher incidence of celiac disease.
One group of researchers at Johns Hopkins University estimates the incidence of XHIM in the general North American population as one in 1,030,000 males.
The incidence of ARHIM has not been established as of 2004, but it is known to be much less common than XHIM.
Individuals with Turner syndrome report an increased incidence of fractures in childhood and osteoporotic fractures in adulthood.
It does not appear that male or females are more susceptible to this condition, and no one race or nationality has a higher incidence.
Breast-fed infants have a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis than formula-fed infants; however, conclusive data showing that breast milk may be protective was as of 2004 not available.
Studies indicate that the incidence of this disease in Caucasian and Native American populations is higher than in African-American, Hispanic, and Asian populations.
Immunodeficiency is a defect of any component of the immune system or a defect of another system that affects the immune system leading to an increased incidence or severity of infection.
Since in the United States adult inclusion conjunctivitis is primarily a sexually transmitted disease, the incidence of inclusion conjunctivitis can be decreased either through abstinence or through the use of condoms.
The incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis can be reduced by applying erythromycin ointment to the newborn's eyes shortly after delivery.
Parents should be aware that there is a significant association between high levels of air pollution, smoking, and increased incidence of chronic bronchitis.
Estimates of the true incidence of inguinal hernias vary, but they may affect 1-5 percent of all births in the United States.
This, in turn, will reduce the incidence of chickenpox among those who cannot receive VZV, including children who are most at risk for serious complications from the disease.
Descendants of Northern Europe usually do not develop the condition (incidence is less than 20 percent in these populations).
After age 50, however, the incidence among males increases due to prostate disorders.
In this population there is a high incidence of drug and alcohol abuse and aggressive behavior.
The peak incidence of RMSF occurs in five to nine year old children, with boys more likely to be infected than girls.
F., et al. "Incidence of cerebral concussions associated with type of mouth guard used in college football."
There is as of 2004 no cure for autism, but appropriate treatment may promote relatively normal development and lower the incidence of undesirable behaviors.
However, the incidence of the disease is declining in developed countries.
There is a very high incidence in developing countries and rural areas.
The states with the highest incidence of hepatitis A account for 50 percent of the reported cases.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), routine vaccination of children is the most effective way to lower the incidence of hepatitis A nationwide.
In the United States, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is very rare, and the incidence is difficult to estimate.
Although cases have also been reported worldwide, the exact incidence is unclear because of a lack of diagnostic precision.
Incidence rates of EE have not been reported in any other region of the United States, so national incidence rates are impossible to determine.
The exact incidence and prevalence of EC and ED are not known, but these diseases are occurring or being diagnosed with increasing frequency and are especially prominent in children.
The incidence of perinatal infection depends on the causative agent of infection.
The highest incidence of swallowed foreign bodies is in children between the ages of six months and four years.
However as the incidence of rabies in dogs has decreased dramatically, rabies among wildlife has increased across the continental United States.
However the incidence of rabies in the developing world is believed to be severely underreported.
A person with an immunodeficiency disorder may get more frequent infections, heal more slowly, and have a higher incidence of some cancers.
The highest incidence of HSV-1 is in children six months to three years of age.
The highest incidence of HSV-2 is in young adults between the age of 18 and 25 years.
The studies suggest that pacifiers only be used with babies under ten months of age, when the need to suck is strongest and the incidence of ear infection is relatively low.
Though an exact incidence of PDA is difficult to determine, researchers estimate that eight or nine in every 1,000 children are affected.
Each type of spinal muscular atrophy has an incidence of about 10 to 15 cases in every 100,000 live births.
The incidence of these frightening dreams increases considerably in elementary school children.
The main risk of Wellbutrin is that it increases the likelihood of seizures, though the incidence is rare.
The incidence of SWS is estimated at one per 50,000 live births in the United States.
The exact cause and incidence of Sturge-Weber syndrome was as of 2004 not understood.
Folic acid is a vitamin that has been shown to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.
The true incidence of Chiari malformation is unknown.
Therefore, the incidence of known Type I Chiari malformation is anticipated to increase.
In the United States, the Great Lakes region and the Pacific Northwest also have a higher incidence of Lyme disease.
With such a high incidence, there is a question as to whether this is really a difference in learning style rather than a true "disability."
There is varying incidence of vaccine reactions.
The incidence of osteopetroses is not known, although it is estimated that adult osteopetrosis occurs in about one of every 1,250 individuals.
Although American black children are much less likely to have head lice than white or Hispanic children, the incidence is increasing, particularly in black children with thick hair, hair extensions, or wraps.
Community-building programs in U.S. high schools have greatly reduced the incidence of theft by developing a sense of unity among the students and faculty.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, since 1990, the reported incidence of pertussis has increased in the United States.
The pertussis vaccine, most often given as one immunization together with diphtheria and tetanus, has greatly reduced the incidence of whooping cough.
Boys have a higher incidence of asthma than girls, and the disease is more prevalent in African American children.
Amoxicillin has a lower incidence of diarrhea than ampicillin and is the preferred drug in most cases.
Between 1979 and 1989, the incidence of acute hepatitis B increased in the United States by 37 percent.
Infant death from hepatitis B and the incidence of liver disease in children also decreased significantly.
The CDC expects the overall incidence of hepatitis B in the American population to fall throughout the early 2000s as a result of mass childhood vaccination.
In Pacific Island nations-where rates of hepatitis B infection are among the highest in the world-a regionally coordinated immunization program has significantly reduced the incidence of chronic infection.
The incidence for the Duarte variant type of galactosemia is estimated to be one in 16,000 live births.
The incidence of spinal cord injuries peaks among people in their early 20s, with a small increase in the elderly population due to falls and degenerative diseases of the spine.
Thus children and adolescents with protein-calorie malnutrition may show a marked thinning of the outer walls of tubular bones, and an increased incidence of bone fractures as a result.
Because multiple upper respiratory infections may increase the risk for acute otitis media, reducing the exposure to large groups of children, particularly in daycare centers, may reduce the incidence.
The incidence of the disorder peaked in 1980, with 555 cases reported.
Because of the rarity of Reye's syndrome, it is often misdiagnosed as encephalitis, meningitis, diabetes, or poisoning, and the true incidence may be higher than the number of reported cases indicates.
The incidence of KS in males is about five times greater than KS in females; the reason is not known.
The actual incidence of infertility in males with XYY syndrome is unknown.
Stopping the spread of tuberculosis is the most effective way of preventing its incidence among children.
The incidence is highest among males aged 10 to 14, and among females aged 15 to 19.
The incidence of hyperglycemia approximately parallels the incidence of diabetes type 1 cases, which represents about 70 percent of all diabetes cases (17 million Americans diagnosed) in the United States.
The incidence rates and demographics vary for different types of movement disorders.
The true incidence of adenoid hyperplasia is difficult to assess.
People who are trapped in fires may suffer from smoke inhalation independent of receiving skin burns; however, the incidence of smoke inhalation increases with the percentage of total body surface area burned.
Internationally, the incidence of DGS was estimated to be one case per 20,000 persons in Germany and one case per 66,000 persons in Australia.
No major difference is noted in the incidence of DiGeorge syndrome between males and females.
Cases of rabies in humans are very infrequent in the United States, averaging one or two a year (down from over 100 cases annually in 1900), but the worldwide incidence is estimated to be between 30,000 and 50,000 cases each year.
Further advances, such as suppressing the mother's antibody response, have reduced the incidence of Rh disease to approximately 4,000 cases per year.
Interestingly, the Basque population of Spain has an incidence of 30 to 32 percent Rhnegativity.
Though the incidence rate for children is in the early 2000s trending down, epilepsy remains a significant problem for many children.
The incidence of epilepsy is greater in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged.
Children are the most frequent victims of dog bites, with five to nine year-old boys having the highest incidence.
The highest incidence of rabies occurs in Asia where, in 1997, over 33,000 deaths were noted, most occurring in India.
There are some medical conditions that disrupt the menstrual cycle and reduce the incidence of ovulation.
When a woman is required to compare birth control pills, this pill does have the additional benefit of reducing the incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancer due to the estrogen content.
On the reverse, women who suffer common headaches may lessen the incidence of headaches or in some cases cure them entirely by using oral contraceptive.
Teen pregnancy is a huge incidence, resulting in teens giving birth unprepared and unequipped for the challenges of parenthood.
Statistics concerning the incidence of infant mortality in home birth sometimes reveal an increased risk of infant mortality at home, while other studies reveal the exact opposite.
With little incidence of IUD failure, this birth control remains a popular choice for many women.
Anecdotal customer reports suggest the supplement helped with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, improved cystic acne, and helped reduce the incidence of candida overgrowth.
Historically, diamond mines could expect to produce one or two gem-grade blue diamond a year, but one South African mine has a higher incidence of these blue gemstones.
Madison-This piercing has a very high rejection and migration incidence.
There seems to be an increased incidence of ink migration on this part of the body.
As for vaccines with thimerosal, the official position of the CDC is that there is no connection between vaccines and the rising incidence of autism.
Though the incidence of autism is higher in twins, researchers from the Stanford University School of Medicine have found that shared environmental factors play a significant role in the development of autism as well.
After the introduction of the MMR vaccine, the incidence of measles declined by 99 percent in the USA.
It is time for those who study autism spectrum disorders to establish the true incidence in girls.
The autism infant studies select siblings of autistic children because they are more likely to have the disorders, with incidence doubling in siblings.
The incidence of savantism in autism is one of the many mysteries of the condition.
There's no doubt that the autism diagnosis is on the rise, and many parents and educators believe that the incidence of the disease is also increasing.
The list helps to lower the incidence of having to work overtime or perform tasks on an emergency basis to get them completed.
Honda vehicles are also known for holding their resale value, and this is due in part to the lower incidence of repairs among these vehicles.
High LDL (low-density lipoproteins) and total cholesterol increase the incidence of heart disease, so maintaining healthy numbers is important.
Cancer research continues to show that many plant compounds, referred to as phytochemicals, have the potential to greatly decrease the incidence of free radical damage and hence lower cancer risk.
Some researchers argue that the high incidence of childhood allergies and asthma may be caused by these chemical preservatives used throughout our food supply.
For most people, the lean, natural diet geared to prevent acid reflux symptoms will result in a reduction in BMI, leading to a lower incidence of acid reflux.
Regular exercise reduces the incidence of obesity, which can lead to heart disease.
Properly performed push ups exercise and strengthen your core, which contributes to good posture and decreased incidence of back injuries.
Living in an area that has a high incidence of vehicle thefts, or putting a lot of mileage on your vehicle each year, will mean higher insurance costs.
Cotton is a natural fiber that allows air to circulate, cutting down on the incidence of yeast infections.
Some investigations focus on a possible link between the frequency of aluminum-based antiperspirant usage, shaving underarms and the incidence of breast cancer.
It's important to note, however, that there is no conclusive evidence that actually links the use of aluminum-based products with the incidence of breast cancer.
The company makes cleansers and shave gels that help reduce the incidence of razor bumps, as well as products that help women with dark skin tones deal with acne and blemishes.
If the object point be infinitely distant, all rays received by the first member of the system are parallel, and their intersections, after traversing the system, vary according to their " perpendicular height of incidence," i.e.
The metal-working industries also follow a geographical distribution, mainly governed by the incidence of the coal-fields, as well as by that of the chief districts for the production of - iron-ore already indicated, such as the Cleveland and Durham and the Furness districts.
Such classifications are, however, uninstructive, and it has been found practically necessary in financial writing to take the principal taxes by name, or by such a general grouping as that of import or stamp duties, and then describe their nature, characteristics and incidence.
The incidence is probably much the same as that of the income tax itself, though there are curious questions as to the ultimate incidence as between owners and occupiers of houses.
It would be hard, however, to persuade the mass of occupiers in England that they do not pay the rates, so that the expedient of dividing the rates between owner and occupier, though it cannot affect their real incidence to a substantial extent, constantly finds favour.
The incidence of taxation is, however, a special subject for discussion, and is connected with various large issues, such as that of Free Trade, which are of deep interest to economic students.
Applying this interpretation to the formulae given above, it follows that when the incident light is polarized at an azimuth a to the plane of incidence and the second medium is the less refracting, the reflected light at angles of incidence exceeding the critical angle is elliptically polarized with a difference of phase A between the components polarized in the principal azimuths that is given by tan (A/2) =cot i l l (1 - µ 2 cosec 2 i).
Thus A is zero at grazing incidence and at the critical angle, and attains its maximum value 7r-4 tan1 (I/p) at an angle of incidence given by sin e i=2/(p.2+I).
Wernicke and others have established that in general light polarized in any but the principal azimuths becomes elliptically polarized by reflection, the relative retardation of phase of the components polarized in these azimuths becoming 42 at a certain angle of incidence, called the principal incidence.
The optical constants (refractive index and co-efficient of extinction) of the metal may then be obtained from observations of the principal incidence and the elliptic polarization then produced.
We need your help to reduce the incidence of domestic violence in the boro.
Measures should be taken to decrease the incidence of multiple pregnancies.
Not least in the considerations, the fact that breast feeding lowers the later incidence of cancer.
There is an increased incidence among children receiving Medicaid, those living in rural areas, and in children who are homeless.
Delayed eruption of teeth and enamel hypoplasia and an increased incidence of postnatal infections are frequently seen.
In the United States, the incidence is approximately one in every 1,000 live births.
A 1980 Danish study reported an overall incidence of 1.2 in every 1,000 children.
This theory is supported by a significantly higher incidence of clubfoot among twins compared to singleton births.
Children with diaphragmatic hernias have an increased incidence of chromic lung disease.
The epidemic of immmunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has resulted in a huge increase in the incidence of pneumonia.
The incidence of pneumonia in children younger than one year of age is 35 to 40 per 1,000; 30 to 35 per 1,000 children ages two to four; and 15 per 1,000 children between ages five and nine.
Though the worldwide incidence of congenital hip dysplasia varies, researchers estimate the global incidence to be approximately 1 percent.
However, statistics show that infants in colder climates have a higher incidence.
The incidence of congenital hip dysplasia is also higher in infants born by cesarean and in breech position births.
However, the incidence of female gangs may be much higher than reports indicate.
They also have a higher incidence of drug, alcohol, and tobacco use.
The CDC expects that widespread childhood vaccination against chickenpox will further reduce the incidence of the virus in the general population.
There is a significant incidence of allergies to latex condoms.
This act recommended him to popular favour, and he was called to the government of the city - but only for the distinct purpose of establishing the "catasta," a property tax which should fall with equal incidence on every citizen.
The general conclusion of the Famine Commission of 1901 was that " except in Bombay, where it is full, the incidence of land revenue is low to moderate in ordinary years, and it should in no way per se be the cause of indebtedness."
But, having ascertained by experiment that for all colours of light the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflexion, he turned his attention to the construction of reflecting telescopes.
The largest incidence in Bombay was on young adults; but then they are more numerous and more exposed to infection, because they go about more than the younger and the older.
In most European countries not much less than half the annual deaths take place amongst children below five years of age, upon the total number of whom the incidence falls to the extent of from 40 to 120 per mille.
The whole of the British revenue from post office and telegraph service, and the whole of the stamp revenue, are derived from charges whose exact incidence cannot be traced.
Julius's phenomenon seems inseparable from grazing incidence, and hence any explanation it supplies depends upon his hypothetical tubular structure for layers of equal density.
There was no increased incidence of liver tumors in rats.
A scheme of taxation - the Saladin tithe - was imposed on all who did not take the cross; and this taxation, while on the one hand it drove many to take the cross in order to escape its incidence, on the other hand provided a necessary financial basis for military operations.'
The law is defective and unfair in its incidence, and it is not applicable to foreigners.
It then appeared that under certain angles of incidence parts of the resulting spectra were completely polarized.
For the period preceding British rule the records have not been so well preserved, but there is ample evidence to show that famine was just as frequent in its incidence and infinitely more deadly in its effects under the native rulers of India.
The tres Daciae formed a commune in so far that they had a common capital, Sarmizegethusa, and a common diet, which discussed provincial affairs, formulated complaints and adjusted the incidence of taxation; but in other respects they were practically independent provinces, each under an ordinary procurator, subordinate to a governor of consular rank.
Again, a comparison between ratinfested and rat-free districts in Bombay showed a much higher incidence of plague in the latter.
In describing the principal taxes which are employed in 'the United Kingdom to provide for the national expenditure, observations have necessarily been made upon the incidence, probable or assumed, upon the taxpayer, and on the question how far they may fall equally on the whole community without any special incidence being traceable.
An admissible error of phase of 4X will correspond to an error of IX in a reflecting and 2X in a (glass) refracting surface, the incidence in both cases being perpendicular.
An analysis of the innumerable outbreaks in various parts of Europe indicates that the geological features of the affected districts play a less important part in the incidence of the disease than soil dampness.
Export duties, it may be observed, are not important in systems of taxation generally, as there are few articles where the charge will not really fall on the wages of labour and profits of capital within the country imposing them; but opium grown in India is a well-known exception, and in the West Indies export duties on principal articles of production, in spite of their incidence, have been found a convenient source of revenue.
Adam Smith does not go minutely into the incidence of taxation.