Floor Sentence Examples
The floor was cold.
The floor creaked as she chose the one on the right.
She placed a plate of food upon the floor and the kitten ate greedily.
Jonny was sprawled on the floor in front of the TV, asleep.
He threw it upon the floor and began to cry.
Brandon was staring at the floor again.
The sides of the tunnel showed before them like the inside of a long spy-glass, and the floor became more level.
He took the lighted pipe that was offered to him, gripped it in his fist, and tapped it on the floor, making the sparks fly, while he continued to shout.
The boards of the floor creaked.
Next the Wizard poured a pool of oil from the can upon the glass floor, where it covered quite a broad surface.
AdvertisementHe moves to second floor.
The hardwood floor had not been stained.
The spell was broken like a dropped mirror on a marble floor.
When we exhausted the subject, Betsy rose and took the floor.
Correct. He made it to an open window on the first floor.
AdvertisementJule wrapped himself in the blanket and stretched out on the floor, hungry and chilled.
She did several dishes and then heard a chair scrape the floor behind her.
She squirmed and he lowered her to the floor.
Kris chuckled, at ease with his brother despite the unprotected penthouse on the top floor of a building that could be easily leveled by a single explosive charge.
Hannah stood aside as she entered the large foyer, lecturing her as they ascended to the second floor.
AdvertisementShe stepped out of his embrace, the two of them freezing in the middle of the dance floor like rocks in a flowing creek.
She watched in fascination, not understanding what it was until a floor several below hers exploded into flying stone and fire.
The rocket had exploded as it landed on the floor, leaving a gaping hole.
She squeezed through the hole in the wall to find there wasn't enough of the floor left to walk on let alone make it to the door across the apartment.
The rocket slammed into an ambulance parked in front of Andre's, the brilliant explosion throwing heat and light that reached her on what she estimated was the twentieth floor.
AdvertisementThe rocket smashed into the floor below, shattering glass and pulverizing part of the balcony.
She forced herself to continue to the apartment's entrance and flung open the door, revealing a hall with auxiliary lighting reflecting off a white marble floor.
A hole in the floor was between her and the elevators.
Lankha retrieved a small satchel from its bed and sat cross-legged on the floor beside her feet, withdrawing small vials and balled gauze.
She followed him up a set of regal stairs to the second floor, where multiple rooms lined a hallway.
Wordlessly, he pointed to a spot on the floor before him.
He led her down a floor to a large gym where a group of men stood in a loose cluster on a mat.
He led her to the uppermost floor of the castle, to a hallway with magnificent views of a green valley with towering trees.
His gaze slid to the floor, and he shook his head ever so slightly, as if trying to shake free an unpleasant thought.
Hannah's eyes widened, and she rose, angling her past the butler and a maid dusting a painting to the second floor.
She forced herself not to cover her tattoo with her hands as she followed her sister to the second floor, where the private rooms were.
Her hand went to her neck, and she threw off the covers, crossing the cold stone floor to the bathroom.
Kris strode past him and led him through the castle's ground floor, whose wide, carpeted halls felt nice on his paws.
Kris lit another torch to shed light on the murals on the floor.
She walked into the hall and up a wide stairwell to the second floor.
She struggled into a sitting position, her neck achy from her spot sleeping on the floor before the fire.
Katie walked to Kris.s chamber on the floor below.
She retreated to her floor and saw Ully in the hall.
The iPad skittered across the floor.
Hannah dropped to the floor beside her, and Lankha inched away while Toby smiled.
Katie followed her into another hallway on the floor where the castle.s serving staff lived.
They charged through the hall toward the stairs and descended to the main floor.
Rhyn led them down the main floor and out the front door, slamming into one of Kris.s Immortals by accident.
He trotted through the body-littered floor to the back stairwell.
Ully.s lab was a disaster, with glass covering the floor and counters flipped on end.
It screeched across the floor a few inches.
She found herself ascending the servants. stairwell at a run, in case the Ully-demon was still stalking her, until she reached her floor, which appeared blessedly free of any signs of battle and death.
Rhyn finished his task of clearing Kris.s floor of dead bodies.
He saw only warriors on the main floor of the castle and ascended with increasing pain to the floor where Kris would be.
No one leaves this floor unless it.s me.
Rhyn moved to the doorway and watched him set Iliana down gently on the floor beside the healer.
She maneuvered through sculptures and other exhibits on the floor to the small office in the back.
She didn't really care what the dark grey walls, floors, and ceilings were made of or why the floor felt like carpet and looked like gun metal.
I'm pretty sure the prisoners are kept on the same floor as the warriors.
Her gaze slid to the stone floor.
Caught between consciousness and darkness, she hung limply for a long time, until the man holding her flung her onto a hard floor.
Her feet were cold on the wooden floor, and she'd caught herself looking down many times to see if she made grass grow here, too.
She looked up at her husband from her position scotched down on the parlor floor and resumed sorting Christmas ornaments, packing them away as methodically as if she were returning them to the store.
The three largest of these quarters were located on the third floor.
The second floor contained six, five rooms for guests, the sixth occupied by Fred O'Connor.
There was an additional small guest room beneath the stairs on the main floor.
This floor, bisected by a hall and stairs, contained a living room or parlor on the right, or southern side, and a dining room and kitchen on the left, with the Deans' private quarters, a sitting room-office combination and bedroom, located in the rear.
After introductions and the necessary sign-in paper work was complete it was decided to assign Ms. Turnbull a second floor room.
Dean sat on the floor next to the lad.
Cynthia bounced down to the floor to join the pair.
Dean showed the guest his room, the small first floor room beneath the stairs.
The three north-side second floor rooms contained Fred, Gladys Turnbull and a pretty female climber named Penny.
The three third floor rooms contained six ice climbers while Donald Ryland remained in the small first floor quarters.
She wilted to a heap and fell to the floor.
Ryland suggested they carry her to his first floor room instead of trying to maneuver her upstairs.
She sounded upset as they climbed to the second floor at her summons.
As Dean watched, scarcely breathing, she lifted the ancient white dress above her head in one motion and dropped it to the floor.
Donald Ryland tipped his wool cap to her as he entered, still dripping snow on the kitchen floor.
When Dean rushed to the kitchen, he found Cynthia, her hands to her face, in tears, grease covering the floor.
And don't mop up the floor!
In spite of Cynthia's admonition he returned to the kitchen and cleaned the bacon grease from the floor, using half a roll of paper towels in completing the task.
The pair returned to the first floor where they located Janet O'Brien dusting the parlor.
When the two returned to Bird Song, Donnie met Martha at the stairs and tugged her up to his and Edith's second floor room.
Like a sunken object freed from the ocean floor, Dean began to ascend to the surface of wakefulness.
All he knew now was his bare feet were cold, standing on the hard wood floor at the perimeter of the carpet in the death room.
He cleaned the kitchen, dusted the entire downstairs and, as the weather remained mild, even washed the first floor windows, hoping when and if Cynthia saw them it would not be in the sun.
Cynthia took Martha by the hand and led her back to the small first floor bedroom, recently vacated by Ryland.
Upon reaching the first floor, Jackson realized they were in a castle.
Gabriel led them to the second floor and to two bed chambers.
The rustling sound of nearing footsteps on the forest floor created panic.
Making his way to the first floor, Jackson noticed he was feeling weary from all this drama, and also a little hungry.
Jackson asked for the first floor to avoid a long elevator ride.
Once on the dance floor, he stretched his long fingers across the small of her back and took her hand.
He started to glide her across the floor easily.
They had made a connection on the dance floor that stayed with them.
There were shelves running across every wall from floor to eye level.
He had picked up a Tantalus and was about to smash it on the floor.
She finally dropped to the floor and put her arms around him.
He lay passed out on the bed, two empty bottles on the nightstand and one on the floor.
After a while he placed it on the floor and stood up.
Even drunk, Sam was sure footed on the dance floor.
She gently bit into the meat and when she had eaten most of it, pulled the bone from his hand and laid on the floor chewing on it.
The caterers set up tables, and workers laid the dance floor.
Jackson spoke to the vocalist, then stood at the edge of the dance floor and motioned for Elisabeth to join him.
He twirled her around the floor singing the entire song to her, complete with howls.
He sat on the floor with her, but could discern neither what was wrong, nor how to help.
Sarah crouched to the floor and timidly put her hand into Elisabeth's fur.
Large chains cemented into the floor covered her.
The wolf looked up at them, then lay on the floor with her head on Jackson's chest, whimpering.
Connor and Sarah sat on the floor, helpless to comfort her.
She clamped a rubber booted foot over a new knothole in the floor.
The frigid air would simply sneak under the house and ooze up through the cracks in the floor.
Katie tossed her coat at the rack and watched anxiously as the pole danced around the concrete floor before settling down.
They sprinted across the floor and leaped up to the elevated platforms, poking their soft muzzles into the stanchions to gobble the grain.
She retrieved the book from the floor, along with all the other supplies.
As his square toed western boots clicked across the floor, a large belt buckle traced the graceful swing of his stride.
Carmen continued at a snail's pace across the floor.
She plucked a piece of twine from the hay on the floor.
Her knees hit the floor with a grinding jolt, and the fox seized the opportunity.
He hit the floor on all fours and snapped at the hen as she rolled by.
Alex asked, holding out a hand to help her from the floor.
She threw the covers back and rolled out of bed, gasping when her bare feet hit the cold floor.
Josh hit the floor with enough force to take the breath out of the average man.
Alex feigned and then hooked Josh's leg again with the toe of his boot, sending Josh to the floor twice in as many minutes.
She paused in the doorway and stared at the floor.
She moved in rhythm with the music, brushing the floor softly as she hummed along.
They dipped and whirled and danced around the dairy floor until the music ended.
She stabbed the pitchfork into the dirt floor.
Finally he released her, and when her feet touched the floor again, she took a deep breath.
She saw it coming too late, and he had her pinned to the floor on her back before she could squirm away.
She fell to the floor and Alex glanced at her, allowing his attention to stray from Josh for a second.
Wincing, she fell to the floor, turning pleading eyes on Josh.
As she lifted the hay and turned, a figure moved in the hay on the floor.
She tucked her hands in her back pockets and stared at the floor.
It shot off the counter, hitting the block wall and bouncing off to roll across the floor and stop at Carmen's feet.
He marched across the floor to the door and opened it.
Her knees buckled and she slumped to the floor, wracked by ragged sobs.
He scraped the toe of his boot across the floor.
A disturbance at the entrance caught their attention and Carmen turned to see Alex striding purposefully across the floor toward them.
The room was large, with a hardwood floor and a huge fireplace.
She dragged the unconscious commander to the floor and replaced him in the seat before the energy terminal, assessing the damage done.
Brady turned in the direction indicated and yanked open the door to a dark room with a glowing red floor.
He stepped through to a massive atrium with a marble floor, pillars, and water fountain surrounded by small gardens.
There was a box strapped to the floor beneath the bench.
She rolled slowly until she was on the floor, wedged between the bench and the punctured floor of the helo.
Jack stretched out on the floor beside the bed.
She shrugged out of the rucksack and opened the drawers of her dresser, dumping their contents onto the floor.
The youth had dropped into a dark hole in the floor of the facility.
Jake trotted behind her, his nails clicking on the concrete floor.
He ascended two floors to the hallway where Kris's supplies had been stocked. He recalled how hard it could be taking care of a helpless creature like Katie or Toby. He strode to the chamber that had served as a department store full of clothing to Kris's Immortals. Not surprised to find the chamber ransacked, he sifted through the remaining clothing on the floor. He guessed Toby's size and stuffed a bag with a few items before going to the food supplies.
Rhyn grunted and rolled onto his stomach. The stone floor beneath him was cool but not cool enough to soothe the hot fury of his magic. The effects of whatever Toby had injected into him were almost gone.
Kiki was chained to the wall while Rhyn was sprawled on the floor of the small room.
Kiki didn't have a chance to answer before the wooden door to their prison creaked open. Rhyn's head spun as he was hauled up and dragged into a well-lit hallway. Light and shadows wreaked havoc on his sense of place and time until he hit the cool stone floor again.
The specter shook its head and rose, moving away without disturbing the flora on the jungle floor.
She occupied the largest suite in the structure, seven spacious rooms on the top floor.
Hunter' desk was on the second floor, tightly squeezed between two others where uniformed offices sat with telephones pressed to their ears.
A suit jacket and pants were laid out across the bed, and underwear was dropped on the floor next to it, apparently discarded by Byrne when he changed to his bathing suit.
Vinnie Baratto scrambled into the car, locked the door and buried himself on the floor of the vehicle.
He jammed in the cigarette lighter from his sitting position on the floor.
Discarded wrappers and soft drink cans littered the floor, a magazine and a folded newspaper lay between the men on the seat.
He nearly broke both their necks when he slipped on the wet tile floor as he made his way to the receptionist who directed them to a flight of metal stairs that led downward to an empty hall.
Fortunately, room 22 was taken and they settled for adjoining rooms on the second floor near the end of the building.
The band's playing a foxtrot while you're waltzing around the floor, Fred grumbled.
The man Dean had hit sat on the floor, glazed eyes open, with a look of stupor on his face.
He retreated toward the bathroom just as the door opened—and just as Dean hit the light switch and rolled to the floor, flooding the room in brightness.
His chocolate gaze scanned the room full of women uncomfortably as he walked toward her, his square-toed boots clicking briskly on the hardwood floor.
After cleaning his water bowl out in the big stainless steel sink, she filled the bowl with water and set it on the floor near his food bowl.
And so, with the radio on, she swept the floor and remembered the first time Alex had held her in his arms as they danced in the barn.
He released her chin and turned away, pacing the kitchen floor.
You can't imagine how frightened I was when I saw you on the barn floor, crying.
Her gaze had drifted to the floor, but it shot back to his face.
She gingerly picked the grizzly trophy up from the barn floor and tossed it in the trash bucket.
She was in the bathroom of their bedroom mopping the floor when the front door closed.
She gave the floor one last swipe with the mop as she backed out the door.
Bare feet padded across the hardwood floor behind her, announcing that Alex was awake.
His square toed boots clicked across the floor with that quick step she had learned to recognize.
Lowering her to the floor, he turned away.
He set her on the floor and she smiled up at him.
Back at the house, she crossed the living room floor barefoot; her shoes in one hand and socks in the other.
She put her shoes and socks on the floor next to the couch and walked over to him hesitantly.
In his hand was a bouquet of wild flowers, which he promptly threw to the side when he saw her on the floor.
He grabbed the phone off the floor and dialed a number.
They had decided on putting down a new floor and putting sheet rock over the walls.
The boy hesitated then left the floor where he sat and joined her sitting on the bed.
He was curled up on the cold floor.
She led him first down the hallway where the gym was, pointing out the locker rooms and weapons room before taking him to the second floor to Jonny's wing and past her doorless room.
I sleep on the floor.
After a zillion years sleeping on the floor, I won't waste another night outside a real bed.
She didn't mind sleeping on the floor, but she did mind not getting a regular hot shower.
The open floor plan ran from the living area through a kitchen to a formal dining room area that had been converted into an office on the other side.
She picked up a pillow and two blankets, spreading one on the floor a foot from the window before plopping her pillow down.
Darian stepped off the gym floor and showered quickly, disturbed by Jenn.
Jonny's gaze went upwards, as if he could see through the ceiling to the second floor.
Darian ascended the stairwell to the second floor and strode by Jenn's room.
She kept her eyes on the floor.
Jonny slammed the bathroom door then shoved everything off his desk onto the floor.
She flung a knife against the wall in anger then strode out of the Black God's chamber to the ground floor.
Yully cried from the second floor, where she all but hung over the railing.
Jenn picked herself up off the floor, sensing the swirling magics of her prison in the immortal world.
The walls and floor of the hallway were splattered with blood, the bodies of the newly killed still kicking.
She stayed on the same floor until finding a stairwell leading down.
They hurried to the ground floor.
They wandered the hallways on the main floor until finding one that led to a side door of the large, stone building.
He made a comfortable nest on the floor, propped against several borrowed pillows.
Few men would turn their back to him, and normally, when there was a woman in bed, he was not on the floor.
She gazed at the floor, counting.
She spent an eternity in her mind, watching four of the men fall dead to the wooden floor at the hands of the demon.
Vara was flung to the floor of the stables.
She retrieved the dagger and one of the bladders and settled on the floor of the wardrobe.
She positioned the bladder on the floor below her wrist and sighed.
Stealthily, she moved the cup over the edge and spilled it on the floor beneath the table.
Messengers perched near the door in one huddle while various warriors, Rissa's counselors, and strangers occupied the floor area.
Taran dropped his knees to the floor.
Rissa alone gasped as the dying woman gagged and squirmed on the floor.
Memon appeared lost in his thoughts, oblivious to her huddled on the floor.
The pages fluttered to the floor, like leaves in autumn.
She obeyed and lowered herself to the floor a moment before the wagon jarred into motion.
She sprawled on its floor, listening to the sound of crunching shale.
She rose and staggered to the hearth, sagging to the floor again with the book clenched in her hands.
Alex immediately offered an arm and escorted her to the dance floor.
It was much more fun watching you two than it would have been having you pick me up off the floor repeatedly.
When hers started, she took Alex by the hand and led him to the dance floor.
The door closed behind her and his quick step clipped across the floor.
She placed the folded towels in the basket and set it on the floor, turning back to face Alex as he answered.
In an instant he had her down and pinned to the floor.
Jabbing it at him, she turned the tables, threatening him until he lay flat on the floor.
It bounced off the wall and hit the floor, parts flying off as it slid across the hardwood floor.
She left the phone on the floor as a reminder to control her temper.
When I tried to get out of the barn he pushed me to the floor and …. felt my stomach and breast … under my T-shirt.
He looked at the floor and shifted his feet.
She was in the floor with Jonathan, Destiny, Matthew and Natalie playing with the puppy when Alex came home.
At least the dog is confined to the floor.
He looked away and ran a hand through his hair as he gazed absently at the floor.
His remark punctured a hole in her thin armor and she exploded, slamming the papers onto her desktop so hard that one of the pages floated to the floor.
She put the groceries in the back seat and sat the broom up cross ways on the floor.
As she moved around the cabin opening windows, she examined every inch of the floor for possible entry routes a snake might utilize.
The forest floor was rocky, with occasional yellow flowers and some kind of ground cover with tiny blue flowers.
The room was filled with dust and the wind whistled through the screens, ruffling the pages of her book as it lay on the floor.
Behind her, the bench scraped against the floor.
The window ruptured, spraying glass across the kitchen floor.
He set the flashlight on the table where it would shine on the floor and started for the living room.
She stared at the pattern of sunlight on the floor.
Her foot became tangled in the bedroll and she sprawled on the floor.
She dodged a pillow missile and retrieved it from the floor.
Before she had time to respond he dumped her on the floor and dived to pin her down.
He pounced on her again, pinning her to the floor.
In the lobby, she found the secretary on the floor, clutching her leg and moaning in agony.
He swiped the mask and hood from the floor and put them on.
Xander stripped off the t-shirt and his shoes then trotted to the main floor of his condo.
It worked, but it stopped a foot short of her floor, which made her load even more precarious.
She opened her eyes to see the floor was wet, marked by yellow signs.
It was him from ceiling to floor.
The ground floor consisted of formal dining and living areas, to include a hearth whose chimney stretched all the way to the top of the condo, two stories up.
The main floor felt like a hotel room, too formal and impersonal to be welcoming.
Impressed already with the airy condo, she ascended the stairs to the second floor.
A railing lined the loft area overlooking the formal living area on the first floor.
Out of options, she took the cat's food and wine into the bedroom and put them on the floor beside the bed.
Jessi walked into the kitchen and set the cat's bowls on the floor along with the cat.
He turned away towards the stairs leading down to the main floor, and she sneaked a glance to see if he still wore the necklace.
Xander had the urge to follow her to her car to ensure she left and didn't hide out on the main floor, waiting for him to appear, so she could kill him.
The second floor smelled of coffee, and his was waiting for him on the porch, where he took it every morning.
Cat sat at the top of the stairs overlooking the main floor, as if to tell him where Jessi was.
Xander swung his feet down and strode through the apartment and down the stairs to the ground floor, intrigued by who dared try to push their way into his apartment.
Xander stood near the railing overlooking the first floor, her phone in his hand.
Not giving him a chance to argue, she ducked through the ropes and leapt to the floor.
She didn't return to the second floor.
Jessi hesitated as they reached their floor.
By the time they reached the ground floor, she was putty.
The Other he charged disappeared before he reached him, only to reappear on the other side of the factory floor.
Too nervous, Jessi instinctively knelt on the floor beside the overturned box and began collecting the small treasures.
His long term of service in the House, his leadership of his party on its floor, his candidacy for the speakership, and his recent election to the United States Senate, marked him out as the available man.
The " roods " themselves were not The simplest form is the " flat roof " consisting of horizontal wood joists laid from wall to wall as in floor construction.
The floor of the enclosure is constituted as in the other Zimbabwe buildings by a thick bed of cement which extends even outside the main wall.
An open fire acts by radiation; it warms the air in a room by first warming the walls, floor, ceiling and articles in the room, and these in turn warm the air.
Indirect radiators are placed beneath the floor of the apartment to be heated and give off heat through a grating.
The first ledge rising from the ocean floor has depth averaging 8000 ft.
The Cretaceous sea gradually receded and the plains of the Rolling Downs formation formed on its floor were covered by the sub-aerial and lacustrine deposits of the Desert Sandstone.
Mount Ascutney, one of the Granitic Mountains, rises abruptly from the floor of the Connecticut Valley to a height of 33 20 ft.
The public buildings include the cathedral (1760), the government palace, the municipal palace, the episcopal palace, the church of Santa Ana, a national theatre, a school of arts and trades, a foreign hospital, the former administration building of the Canal Company, Santo Tomas Hospital, the pesthouse of Punta Mala and various asylums. The houses are mostly of stone, with red tile roofs, two or three storeys high, built in the Spanish style around central patios, or courts, and with balconies projecting far over the narrow streets; in such houses the lowest floor is often rented to a poorer family.
Russia they form the floor upon which lies a thin covering of Tertiary beds, and they are exposed to view in the valleys of the Dnieper and the Bug.
Magazines with fine painted store jars came to light beneath the floor of the later " propylaeum."
There is again a floor of folded Archean rocks overlaid by nearly horizontal strata of Lower Palaeozoic age; but these are followed by marine beds belonging to the Carboniferous period.
It is also applied to those brecciated and stalagmitic deposits on the floor of caves, which frequently contain osseous remains.
The floor of the valley slopes gently eastwards, from 1200 ft.
The surface of the neck is covered by integument forming the floor of the branchial cavity.
When the pericardium is cut open from above in an animal otherwise entire, the anterior face of the kidney is seen forming the posterior wall of the pericardial chamber; on the deep edge of this face, a little to the left of the attachment of the auricle to the floor of the pericardium, is seen a depression; this depression contains the opening from the pericardium into the kidney.
As so great a part of the whole surface of the kidney lies adjacent to external surfaces of the body, the remaining part which faces the internal organs is small; it consists of the left part of the under surface; it is level with the floor of the pericardium, and lies over the globular mass formed by the liver and convoluted intestine.
A median process, known as the hypopharynx or tongue, arises from the floor of the mouth in front of the labium, and becomes most variously developed or specialized in different insects.
The facades presented continuous colonnades on each floor with semicircular high stilted arches, leaving a very small amount of wall space.
The church is without aisles, and has a semicircular roof, and the choir is raised twelve steps above the floor of the nave.
The royal palace, designed by Friedrich von Gartner (1792-1847), is a tasteless structure; attached to it is a beautiful garden laid out by Queen Amalia, which contains a well-preserved mosaic floor of the Roman period.
The same subject is illustrated by a picture-map in mosaic, portions of which were discovered in 1896 on the floor of the church of Madaba to the east of the Dead Sea.
Of particular interest is the presence of patches or ledges of an old stalagmitic floor, three to four feet above the present floor.
On the under-side, there are found attached fragments of limestone and quartz, showing that the shingle bed once extended up to it, and that it then formed the original floor.
The galleries are not the way of access to the cemeteries, but are themselves the cemeteries, the dead being buried in long low horizontal recesses, excavated in the vertical walls of the passages, rising tier above tier like the berths in a ship, from a few inches above the floor to the springing of the arched ceiling, to the number of five, six or even sometimes twelve ranges.
In 1890 the floor of the gallery in which it stands was excavated, and another floor was found to be 6 ft.
The loculi in this lower portion were intact, with inscriptions of the 2nd century still in their places, proving that the niche in which that picture was painted must have been considerably older than the lowering of the floor.
At the base there is often an arkose, composed largely of fragments of serpentine and granite derived from the ancient floor.
The ground floor, except for the serdab, is given up to kitchens, store-rooms, servants' quarters, stables, &c. The principal rooms are on the first floor and open directly from a covered veranda, which is reached by an open staircase from the court.
The silica, in the form of diatom or radiolarian skeletons, is eventually deposited on the ocean floor after the death of the organisms. Most of the fine colloidal clay is, however, deposited as river-sludges when the fresh water carrying it mixes with denser sea-water.
It forms gigantic deposits of almost constant thickness, embedded between a floor of limestone and a roof of porphyry.
From the reverberatory furnace or the kettle the refined lead is siphoned off into a storage (market) kettle after it has cooled somewhat, and from this it is siphoned off into moulds placed in a semicircle on the floor.
The whole series was evidently deposited in shallow water on the summit of a submarine volcano standing in its present isolation, and round which the ocean floor has probably altered but a few hundred feet since the Eocene age.
It has two stories above the ground floor, and, being on the slope of the hill, is, like the whole piazza, raised on arched substructures.
In the north portico a square hole in the floor, with a corresponding hole in the roof above it, must have given access to another sacred object, the mark of Poseidon's trident in the rock.
To test the purity of the metal the tin-smelter heats the bars to a certain temperature just below the fusing point, and then strikes them with a hammer or lets them fall on a stone floor from a given height.
The working out of each floor is conducted much as if it were a bed of corresponding thickness.
Haulage roads are driven in the ore so as to divide the floor into areas of convenient size.
In this way the whole floor is worked out and the mat of timber and overlying rock is gradually lowered and rests upon the top of the ore forming the floor below.
Before abandoning a room it is usual to cover the bottom of the working-place with laggingpoles, which facilitate the mining of the floor below.
In this manner one floor after another is worked until the floor containing the main haulage roads of the level below is reached.
The floor containing these old haulage roads now becomes the top slice of the one hundred-foot block of ground below and is mined out as described.
The mining of each floor is carried on in sections with small working-places which are first driven of moderate height to their full length and width, leaving a back of ore above and pillars of ore between to support the upper portion of the upper layer or floor.
The bottom-slice caving system of mining begins at the bottom of a hundred-foot block of ground, a floor being excavated under the whole area, leaving pillars of sufficient size to support the ground above.
These pillars are then filled with blast holes which are fired simultaneously, permitting the whole block of ground to the level above to drop. A floor is then reopened in this fallen ore, leaving pillars for temporary support which are blasted out as before.
When rock filling is available, as when the ore contains much barren material to be left behind in mining, the ore body is divided into blocks of convenient height as above, and these blocks are divided into floors, the bottom floor of each block however being attacked.
Each floor is opened up by subsidiary haulage roads and worked out in small rooms which are timbered and filled with broken rock when completed.
An adjoining room is next excavated and filled, and thus the whole floor is worked out and replaced with rock-filling.
Work is then started on the floor above, the upper floors being connected with the main haulage roads by winzes which are maintained through the filled ground.
Where each floor is timbered by itself with light timbers, as is the practice on the continent of Europe, the consolidation of the rock-filling under pressure gives rise to considerable subsidence of the unmined ore, which has frequently settled 20 ft.
When the floor of the kiln has been covered with slabs of glass the opening is carefully built up and luted with fire-bricks and fire-clay, and the whole is then allowed to cool.
In the walls and floor of the kiln special cooling channels or air passages are provided and by gradually opening these to atmospheric circulation the cooling is considerably accelerated while a very even distribution of temperature is obtained; by these means even the largest slabs can now be cooled in three or four days and are nevertheless sufficiently well annealed to be free from any serious internal stress.
In most modern refineries the cisterns are so arranged that the spent char falls on to a travelling band and is conducted to an elevator which carries it up to the drying floor of the charcoal kiln.
From the drying floor on which the spent char is heaped up it falls by gravitation into the retorts.
The tobacco, whether in bundles, hands or separate leaves, is piled up or bulked on the floor in a barn into a solid stack to the height of 5 or 6 ft.
With gas-firing the retorts can be arranged in four horizontal rows, all within reach of a man on the furnace-room floor.
Towards the north the crystalline floor is overlaid by the great sandstone series which covers nearly the whole of the country north of Hail.
In the south of Arabia the crystalline floor appears at intervals along the southern coast and on the shores of the Gulf of Oman.
It is, as it were, the great temple of medieval science, whose floor and walls are inlaid with an enormous mosaic of skilfully arranged passages from Latin, Greek, Arabic, and even Hebrew authors.
The Palazzo della Ragione, with its great hall on the upper floor, is reputed to have the largest roof unsupported by columns in Europe; the hall is nearly rectangular, its length 2672 ft., its breadth 89 ft., and its height 78 ft.; the walls are covered with symbolical paintings in fresco; the building stands upon arches, and the upper storey is surrounded by an open loggia, not unlike that which surrounds the basilica of Vicenza; the Palazzo was begun in 1172 and finished in 1219; in 1306 Fra Giovanni, an Augustinian friar, covered the whole with one roof; originally there were three roofs, spanning the three chambers into which the hall was at first divided; the internal partition walls remained till the fire of 1420, when the Venetian architects who undertook the restoration removed them, throwing all three compartments into one and forming the present great hall.
The passage at first runs obliquely upwards in the bank, sometimes to a distance of as much as 50 ft., and expands at its termination into a cavity, the floor of which is lined with dried grass and leaves, and in which, it is said, the eggs are laid' and the young brought up. Their food consists of aquatic insects, small crustaceans and worms, which are caught under water, the sand and small stones at the bottom being turned over with their bills to find them.
The early palaces of Verona, before its conquest by Venice, were of noble and simple design, mostly built of fine red brick, with an inner court, surrounded on the ground floor by open arches like a cloister, as, for example, the Palazzo della Ragione, an assize court, begun in the r 2th century.
The Scaligeri Palace is a fine example, dating from the 14th century, with, in the cortile, an external staircase leading to an upper loggia, above the usual arcade on the ground floor.
The town hall, with its light open loggia of semicircular arches on the ground floor, was designed by Fra Giocondo towards the end of the i 5th century; its sculptured enrichments of pilasters and friezes are very graceful, though lacking the vigorous life of the earlier medieval sculptured ornamentation.
It is of remarkably regular formation, and the floor is pierced by a number of huge fumaroles whence issue immense volumes of steam.
The floor is partly boarded and partly matted.
In temples of the best class the floor of the gallery and of the central portion of the main building from entrance to altar are richly lacquered; in those of inferior class they are merely polished by continued rubbing.
This singular phenomenon is supposed to owe its appearance to an accumulation of gas, formed by the decay of vegetable matter, detaching and raising to the surface the matted weeds which cover the floor of the lake at this point.
The floor of the sluice is laid with riffles made of strips of wood 2 in.
Probably these blocks formed the floor of a balcony, a tawdry marble addition.
Near the middle of the long side is an opening; and from it a flight of seven steps led down to a trapezoidal chamber, on the back wall of which are two lions' heads of bronze, through which water, conducted in long semi-cylindrical channels of bronze, from behind the wall, poured out into pitchers for which holes are cut in the floor.
All this was once approached from the front at the level of the floor, long before the triglyphon was set up, 7 ft.
The flat plain traversed by the lower Rusizi was evidently once a portion of the lake floor.
The former cathedral church was mainly built 1069-1089, but was later gothicized; near the west end of the nave a plate in the floor marks the spot where Huss stood when condemned to death, while in the midst of the choir is the brass which covered the grave of Robert Hallam, bishop of Salisbury, who died here in 1417, during the council.
Viewed from the floor of the ocean the continental block would thus appear as a great plateau rising to a height of 14,360 ft.
Particularly steep slopes are found in the case of submarine domes, usually incomplete volcanic cones, and there have been cases in which after such a dome has been discovered by the soundings of a surveying ship it could not be found again as its whole area was so small and the deep floor of the ocean from which it rose so flat that an error of 2 or 3 m.
While such steep mountain walls are found in the bed of the ocean it must be remembered that they are very exceptional, and except where there are great dislocations of the submarine crust or volcanic outbursts the forms of the ocean floor are incomparably gentler in their outlines than those of the continents.
Being protected by the water from the rapid subaerial erosion which sharpens the features of the land, and subjected to the regular accumulation of deposits, the whole ocean floor has assumed some approach to uniformity.
Still there are everywhere gentle inequalities on the smoothest ocean floor which give to its greater features a distinct relief.
The Sunda Trench is distinguished by the wave-like configuration of its floor, and this wave-like character is continued to the westward of Sumatra with islands rising from the higher portions.
From the floor of this vast and profound depression numerous isolated volcanic cones rise with abrupt slopes, and even between the islands of the Hawaiian group there are depths of more than 2000 fathoms. The Society Islands and Tahiti crown a rise coming within 150o fathoms of the surface, two similar rises form the foundation of the Paumotu group where Agassiz found soundings of.
The northern part of the Marianne Trench leads to a wave-like configuration of the ocean floor, the depth to the east of Saipan being over 4300 fathoms, followed by a rise to 1089 fathoms and then a descent to 3167 fathoms.
Oceanic Deposits.-It has long been known that the deposits which carpet the floor of the ocean differ in different places, and coasting sailors have been accustomed from time immemorial to use the lead not only to ascertain the depth of the water but also to obtain samples of the bottom, the appearance of which is often characteristic of the locality.
To this inconceivably slowly-growing deposit of inorganic material over the ocean floor there is added an overwhelmingly more rapid contribution of the remains of calcareous and siliceous planktonic and benthonic organisms, which tend to bury the slower accumulating material under a blanket of globigerina, pteropod, diatom or radiolarian ooze.
This fact, together with the extraordinarily rare occurrence of such remains and meteoric particles in globigerina ooze, although there is no reason to suppose that at any one time they are unequally distributed over the ocean floor, can only be explained on the assumption that the rate of formation of the epilophic deposits through the accumulation of pelagic shells falling from the surface is rapid enough to bury the slowgathering material which remains uncovered on the spaces where the red clay is forming at an almost infinitely slower rate.
Its roof is a single flat stratum of limestone; its walls are well marked by lines of stratification; dripstone also partly covers the walls, fills a deep fissure at the end of the cave, and spreads over the floor, where it mingles with an ancient bed of ashes, forming an ash-breccia (mostly firm and solid) that encloses fragments of sandstone, flint spalls, flint implements, charcoal and bones.
Underneath is the true floor of the cave, a mass of homogeneous yellow clay, one metre in thickness.
The Tour de L'Horloge, pierced by a gateway through which passes the Grande Rue, is a 15th century structure containing a museum on its second floor.
The first indication is a dull hollow sound heard when treading on the pavement or floor, probably occasioned r FIG.
A level is driven in a sandstone forming the floor, along the course of the coal, into which communications are made by cross cuts at intervals of 16 yds., which are driven across to the roof, dividing up the area to be worked into panels.
As each stage is worked out, the floor level is connected with that next below it by means of an incline, which facilitates the introduction of the packing material.
In driving levels it is necessary to cut grooves vertically parallel to the walls, a process known as shearing; but the most important operation is that known as holing or kirving, which consists in cutting a notch or groove in the floor of the seam to a depth of about 3 ft., measured back from the face, so as to leave the overhanging part unsupported, which then either falls of its own accord within a few hours, or is brought down either by driving wedges along the top, or by blasting.
The main rope, which draws out the loaded tubs, coils upon one drum, and passes near the floor over guide sheaves placed about 20 ft.
The church key reminds him that "it is my sin that locks his handes," and the stones of the floor are patience and humility, while the cement that binds them together is love and.
The old Moorish style of building about an open court, or patio, prevails, and the livingrooms of the family are on the second floor.
Among the incidental operations are (a) the valuation of the bullion by weighing and assaying it; (b) " rating" the bullion, or calculating the amount of copper to be added to make up the standard alloy; (c) recovering the values from ground-up crucibles, ashes and floor sweepings (the Mint " sweep "); (d) assaying the melted bars; (e) " pyxing " the finished coin or selecting specimens to be weighed and assayed; (f) " telling " or counting the coin.
All crucibles and other materials which might contain precious metal are ground up and washed in a pan, and the pannings together with a selection from the floor sweepings are remelted.
The disks fall down the tube G to a receptacle on the floor.
It is essential that the grains on the maltster's floor should germinate simultaneously, hence at the time of reaping, the whole crop must be as nearly as possible in the same stage of maturity.
It begins on the western side of Arthur's Pass, a gap the floor of which is 3100 ft.
The sea floor is here rent by a chasm, known as the "Bottomless Pit," the waters having a depth of 65 ft.
In large halls the words of a speaker are echoed or reflected from flat walls or roof or floor; and these reflected sounds follow the direct sounds at such an interval that syllables and words overlap, to the confusion of the speech and the annoyance of the audience.
Each house consisted of two apartments; the floor was formed of split stems of trees set close together and covered with mats; they were reached from the shore by dug-out canoes poled over the shallow waters, and a notched tree trunk served as a ladder.
The floors were of clay, and in each floor there was a hearth constructed of flat slabs' of stone.
Three steps led down to the floor of the font, and over it was suspended a gold or silver dove; while on the walls were commonly pictures of the scenes in the life of John the Baptist.
The girders carry a floor or platform either on top (deck bridges) or near the bottom (through bridges).
The Warren type, either with two sets of bracing bars or with intermediate verticals, affords convenient means of supporting the floor girders.
The floor is of buckled plates paved with wood blocks.
The floor beams, floor and railing are of timber.
The floor of the church, built partly on the rock, partly upon foundations, and, at the east end, over a crypt, is on a level with the uppermost storey of the monastic buildings.
It was a cylinder of parchment of about the diameter of a coachwheel, and was literally rolled up on the floor of the house.
The floor of the valley consequently slopes away in both directions, like the Chimen valley between the Akato-tagh and the Chimen-tagh; and in so far as it slopes westwards towards the Kum kol lakes it differs from nearly all the other great latitudinal valleys that run parallel with it, because they slope generally towards the east.
Their range in space, including carriage by birds, may be coextensive with the distribution of water, but it is not known what height of temperature or how much chemical adulteration of the water they can sustain, how far they can penetrate underground, nor what are the limits of their activity between the floor and the surface of aquatic expanses, fresh or saline.
In New England also a wellestablished drainage undoubtedly prevailed in preglacial times; but partly in consequence of the irregular scouring of the rock floor, and even more because of the very irregular deposition of unstratified and stratified drift in the valleys, the drainage is now in great disorder.
Inasmuch, however, as the floor on which the overlapping strata rest is, like the rest of the Laurentian and Superior Oldland, a worn-down mountain region, and as the lowest member of the sedimentary series usually contains pebbles of the oldiand rocks, the better interpretation of the relation between the two is that the visible oldiand area of to-day is but a small part of the primeval continent, the remainder of which is still buried under the Palaeozoic cover; and that the visible oldiand, far from being the first part of the continent to rise from the primeval ocean, was the last part of the primeval continent to sink under the advancing Palaeozoic seas.
In Wisconsin the inner lowland presents an interesting feature in a knob of resistant quartzites, known as Baraboo Ridge, rising from the buried oldland floor through the partly denuded cover of lower Palaeozoic strata.
The present site of Chicago was determined by an Indian portage or carry across the low divide between Lake Michigan and the headwaters of the Illinois river; and this divide lies on the floor of the former outlet channel of the glacial Lake Michigan.
The valley floor is covered with a flood plain of fine silt, having a southward slope of only half a foot to a mile.
In this central region, however, it is only by way of exception that the cirques were so far enlarged by retrogressive glacial erosion as to sharpen the preglacial dome-like summits into acute peaks; and in no case did glacial action here extend down to the plains at the eastern base of the mountains; but the widened, trough-like glaciated valleys frequently descend to the level of the elevated intermont basins, where moraines were deployed forward on the basin floor.
The finest examples of this kind are the moraines about Jackson Lake on the basin floor east of the Teton Range (Grand Teton, 13,747 ft.), a superb north-south range which lies close to the meridional boundary line between Wyoming and Idaho.
A few of the large streams may, when in flood, spr.ead out in a temporary shallow sheet qn a dead level of clay, or playa, in a basin centre, but the sheet of water vanishes in the warm season and the stream shrinks far up its course, the absolutely barren clay floor of the playa, impassable when wet, becomes firm enough for crossing when dry.
One of the southwestern basins, with its floor below sea-level, has a plain of salt in its centre.
Glacial erosion has been potent in excavating great cirques and small rock-basins, especially among the higher southern surmounting summits, many of which have been thus somewhat reduced in, height while gaining an Alpine sharpness of form; some of the short and steep canyons in the eastern slope have been converted into typical glacial troughs, and huge moraines have been laid on the desert floor below them.
To the north, the floor of the depression is for the most part above baselevel, and hence is dissected by open valleys, partly longitudinal, partly transverse, among hills of moderate relief.
Elsewhere the floor of the valley is a featureless, treeless plain.
The long gabled building on the east side of the cloister contained on the ground floor the chapter-house and calefactory, with the monks' dormitory above (M), communicating with the south transept of the church.
A provision intended to prevent lobbying is that no one except legislators and the representatives of the press may be admitted to the floor of the House except by unanimous vote.
It is a square edifice with a large dome and lofty spire, the dome being raised upon a hall with three galleries, one above the other, so that from the floor to the top of the dome is over 300 ft.
In the eruptions of 1823, 1832, 1840 and 1868 the floor of the crater rose on the eve of an eruption and then sank, sometimes hundreds of feet, with the discharge of lava; but since 1868 (in 1879, 1886, 1891, 1894 and 1907; and once, before 1868, in 1855) this action has been confined to Halemaumau and such other pits as at the time existed.
From the floor of the crater rise sixteen well-preserved cinder-cones, which range from more than 400 ft.
They were closed when the property was bought in 1896 by the Louisville & Nashville railway and a new approach made as indicated on the accompanying map. From the surface to the floor is 240 ft.; under Chester Sandstone and in the St Louis Limestone.
Upon the floor of older rock rise a number of volcanoes, some of which are now extinct while others are still active.
Granular and concretionary limonite accumulates by organic action on the floor of certain lakes in Sweden, forming the curious "lake ore."
The dead were buried either in the floor (often in a sarcophagus), or, according to later custom, in niches.
In order to reduce the thickness of the walls and floor he conceived the idea of strengthening them by building in a network of iron rods.
Floor slabs may be regarded as wide and shallow beams, and the remarks made about the stresses in the one apply to the other also; accordingly, the various devices which are used for strengthening beams recur in the slabs.
It is thought to depend upon some connexion, not yet anatomically demonstrated, between the third cranial nerve and its nucleus in the floor of the iter and the substantia nigra.
It is a brick edifice with a portico on the ground floor and a large hall on the upper.
Where the cultivation of large specimens has to be carried on, a span-roofed house of greater height and larger dimensions may sometimes prove useful; but space for this class of plants may generally be secured in a house of the smaller elevation, simply by lowering or removing altogether the staging erected for smaller plants, and allowing the larger ones to stand on or nearer the floor.
The different shelves can be planted in succession; and the lower ones, especially those on the floor level, as being most convenient, can be utilized for forcing sea-kale and rhubarb.
In view of the fact that air expands, becomes lighter and rises, under the influence of heat, the pipes should be set near the floor.
Means of affording ventilation in all plant houses should be provided in at least two places - as near the floor as practicable, and at the top. Mechanical contrivances whereby whole sets of ventilators may be operated simultaneously are now in common use, and are much more convenient and economical than the older method of working each ventilator separately.
In cooler structures it becomes necessary in the dull season of the year to prevent the slopping of water over the plants or on the floor, as this tends to cause " damping off," - the stems assuming a state of mildewy decay, which not infrequently, if it once attacks a plant, will destroy it piece by piece.
On the floor of the pharynx or buccal mass is a rudimentary radula, which in many species consists of a single large tooth, bearing two small teeth or a row of teeth.
On account of this difficulty the moulds formerly stood, not on cars, but directly on the floor of a casting pit while receiving the molten steel.
When the ingots had so far solidified that they could be handled, the moulds were removed and set on the floor to cool, the ingots were set on a car and carried to the soaking furnace, and the moulds were then replaced in the casting pit.
Those from East India and warm climates are harsh, poor and only fit for floor rugs.
Used as carriage rugs and floor rugs, most durable for latter purpose and of fine effect.
Used for floor rugs, very durable; and very white specimens are valuable.
Many from Russia are dyed black for floor and carriage rugs; the hair is brittle, with poor underwool and not very durable; the cost, however, is small.
The Bengal are dark and medium in colour, short and hard hair, but useful for floor rugs, as they do not hold the dust like the fuller and softer hair of the kinds previously named.
Occasionally, where something very marked is wanted, skating jackets and carriage aprons are made from the softest and flattest of skins, but usually they are made into settee covers, floor rugs and foot muffs.
They are only used for floor rugs, and the males are more highly esteemed on account of the set-off of the mane.
The hair and pelt is, however, of less strength, and only a few are now used for floor rugs.
Many of the domestic kind in central and northern Europe and Canada are used for drivers' and peasants' coat linings, &c. In Great Britain many coats of the home-reared sheep, having wools two and a half to five inches long, are dyed various colours and used as floor rugs.
They all make handsome floor rugs.
This cavity was filled with rubbish, sherds, &c., the latest of which was found to date as far back as the beginning of the Middle Minoan age, and the later work of 1908 only proved (by means of a small shaft sunk through the debris) that the rock floor was 52 ft.
A small office was first taken on a second floor in Essex Street, Strand; but this had soon to be abandoned, as the dimensions of the League rapidly increased.
It is one of a chain of lakes which stud the floor of the valley and has an elevation of 3325 f t.
When the cave was first entered, the floor was covered with thousands of tracks of raccoons, wolves and bears-most of them probably made long ago, as impressions made in the tenacious clay that composes most of the cavern floor would remain unchanged for centuries.
The churches were adorned with frescoes, wall and floor mosaics, some well preserved, and marble carvings similar to work found at Ravenna.
Following this summary philosophy come the sciences proper, rising like a pyramid in successive stages, the lowest floor being occupied by natural history or experience, the second by physics, the third, which is next the peak of unity, by metaphysics.
When the operation is completed, the whole of the water is run off, and the flax remains on the perforated floor, where it drains thoroughly before being removed to dry.
The first reel is placed to the right of the machine near the floor, and the second at the back of the machine and at right angles to it.
It is a threestoreyed building with arcaded verandas and a fine staircase leading to a loggia on the first floor.
Among the most surprising features of cave scenery are the vertical shafts that pierce through all levels, from the uppermost galleries, or even from the sink-holes, down to the lowest floor.
The most interesting feature is the scena, which is unique in plan; it consisted of an oblong building of two storeys, surrounded on all sides by a low portico or terrace reaching to the level of the first floor.
The interior consists of a souterrain, and of a first floor, entered from the portico through bronze doors, after designs by Stiller, weighing 7-1 tons, and executed at a cost of 3600.
This floor consists of a rotunda, and of halls and cabinets of sculpture.
The second floor, which formerly contained the national gallery of paintings, is occupied by a collection of northern antiquities and by the Schliemann treasures.
The lowest of its three floors contains the Egyptian museum; on the first floor plaster casts of ancient, medieval and modern sculpture are found, while the second contains a cabinet of engravings.
The gallery of paintings, on the first floor, is distributed into the separate schools of Germany, Italy, Flanders and Holland, while another of the central rooms embraces those of Spain, France and England.
The hard, indigestible seed swallowed by the guacharo are found in quantities on the floor and the ledges of the caverns it frequents, where many of them for a time vegetate, the plants thus growing being etiolated from want of light, and, according to travellers, forming a singular feature of the gloomy scene which these places present.
This situation militated greatly against that leader's cherished policy, and led him to a bitter criticism of the president on the floor of the Senate.
The Patio process, sometimes named the American-heap-amalgamation process, which is carried out principally in Mexico, aims at amalgamating the silver in the open in a circular enclosure termed a torta, the floor of which is generally built of flagstones.
On the floor of the stomach are borne the conspicuous gonads (ov), and also tentacle-like processes termed gastric filaments or phacellae, projecting into the cavity of the stomach.
Usually the four subgenital cavities are distinct from each other (so-called tetrademnic condition), but in many Rhizostomeae, for example, Crambessa, the subgenital cavities join together under the subumbral floor of the stomach (so-called monodemnic condition) and coalesce to form a so-called subgenital portico placed on the oral side of the stomach, opening by four interradial apertures between the oral arms, that is to say, by the four primitive apertures of the subgenital pits.
The floor of the valley is very undulating, and contains numerous small streams, whose divides are from 700 to 900 ft.
The highlands of New South Wales consist, geographically, of a series of tablelands, now in the condition of dissected peneplains; geologically, they are built of a foundation of Archean and folded Lower Palaeozoic rocks, covered in places by sheets of more horizontal Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks; these deposits occur along the edge of the highlands, and are widely distributed on the floor of the coastal districts.
The floor of the Basin Region is formed of alluvium washed from the high plateaus and mountain ranges, a part of which has accumulated in alluvial fans, and part in the greatly expanded lakes which existed here in the glacial period.
The barren " mud flats," frequently found on the desert floor, result from the drying up of temporary shallow lakes, or playas.
Near by were so-called "bear-wallows," which proved to be the remains of an aboriginal workshop, where masses of flint were broken into rectangular blocks; and spalls and flint-chips encumber the floor and choke the passage-way.
A large additional space for exhibits was made in 1904, when the western half of the second floor was added, and the building as now arranged contains the large bronzes and statues on the ground floor; a gallery of Pompeian frescoes in the entresol; the library, picture gallery and small bronzes on the first floor; and the glass, jewelry, arms, papyri, gems, and the unique collection of ItaloGreek vases, on the second floor.
The practical limit of height was reached when the sectional area of the masonry of the piers of the exterior walls in the lower storey had to be made so great, in order to support safely the weight of the dead load of the walls and floors and the accidental load imposed upon the latter in use, as to affect seriously the value of the lower storeys on account of the loss of light and floor space.
The dimensions of the exterior piers ceased to control the height of the building, which was limited alone by the possibility of securing adequate foundations, and by a consideration of the amount of floor space which could be devoted without too great loss to a system of passenger lifts of sufficient capacity to afford speedy access to all parts of the building.
In the case of factories and buildings used for storage purposes the maximum variable load which can be imposed for any serious length of time on each floor must be used without reduction in computing the loads of the lower column, and proper allowances must be made for vibrating loads.
The same necessity for computing shear and flexure applies to the floor beams. The floors between the girders are constructed of " I" beams, spaced generally about 5 ft.
A similar construction is followed for flat roofs, the grades being generally formed in the girder and beam construction, and a flat ceiling secured by hanging from them, with steel straps, a light tier of ceiling beams. The floor beams are tied laterally by rods in continuous lines placed at or above their neutral axis.
It is usual in both girders and beams to provide not only for the safe support of the greatest possible distributed load, but for the greatest weight, such as that of a safe or other heavy piece of furniture which may be moved over the floor at its weakest points, the centres of the girders and beams. It must always be borne in mind that the formulae for the ultimate strength of the " I " beams only hold good when the upper chord or flange is supported laterally.
If the supporting member is a floor beam or girder the girder should be rigidly connected to the floor system to prevent any twisting due to the weight of the projection.
The arrangement of the building and floor framings is in a great measure governed by the architectural effect sought and by the arrangement and proper planning of the interior according to the intended uses; the positions of columns, girders and floor beams are usually the result of particular requirements, and unless complicated and expensive framing is to be expected the distance between columns must be kept within the limits of simple girder construction.
The position of the columns having been determined, the girders must next be located; these serve to support the floor beams which transfer the loads direct to the columns, and also to brace the columns during erection.
The spacing, or distance from centre to centre of the floor beams, will depend upon the type of fire-proof flooring employed; it also depends to a considerable extent upon the amount and character of the floor load and the length of span.
If the loads to be carried are largely stationary, and if the span is small, the floor joists can be readily proportioned by means of tables given in the handbooks issued by many steel companies.
One form consists of adjustable diagonals, rods or bars, properly fastened to the columns in the building; these diagonals may run through one floor and be attached to the columns at the floor above.
Another form is known as portal bracing; this is usually braced between adjacent columns in halls or passage-ways and extends from the foundations up from floor to floor to such a height that the stability of the building itself is sufficient to resist the assumed wind pressure.
In case neither of the above methods can be applied, brackets should be used at each floor level or a continuous deep beam or girder carried all around the building.
The filling between the girders and floor beams consists of segmental arches of brick, segmental or flat arches of porous (sawdust) terra-cotta, or hard-burned hollow terra- - cotta voussoirs, or various patented forms of con crete floors containing ties or supports of steel or iron.
In all cases it is customary to fill on top of the arches with a strong Portland cement concrete to a uniform level, generally the top of the deepest beam; the floor filling is constructed and carried to this level immediately upon the completion of each tier of beams, for the purpose not only of stiffening the frame laterally, and of adding to its stability by the imposition of a static load, but also to afford constantly safe and strong working platforms at regular and convenient intervals for use throughout the entire period of the construction.
In cases in which the lateral rigidity of the floors is depended upon to transfer the horizontal strains to the exterior walls which are framed to resist them, no form of floor construction should be used which is not laterally strong and rigid.
In flat forms of masonry floor construction the level of its bottom is placed somewhat below the bottom of the " I " beams and girders, so that when it is plastered a continuous surface of at least an inch of mortar will form a fire-proof protection for the lower flanges of the beams and girders.
Where the width of the flange is considerable it is first covered with metal lath secured to the under side of the floor masonry.
Girders projecting below the floor are usually encased in from z to 2 in.
It is important in all fire-proofing of columns and girders, and in all floor construction, furring and partitions, that there shall be no continuous voids, either vertical or horizontal, which may possibly serve as flues for the spread of heat or flame in case of fire.
In the Fisher Building, Chicago, the entire steel skeleton above the first floor, nineteen storeys and attic, was erected in twenty-six days.
In American practice the use of steel in buildings of ten or more storeys, or in manufacturing plant where the floor loads are heavy and frequently " live " in the sense of causing vibration, has led to more careful specifications as to the quality of materials and character of workmanship, and it is the custom of the leading architects to have the structural frame inspected and tested during manufacture at the foundries, rolling-mills and shops by a firm of engineers making a speciality of such inspections.
He never, as long as he could write, was known to refuse his autograph, and so far was he from trying to protect himself from intruders that he rarely drew the blinds of his study windows at night, though that study was on the ground floor and faced the street.
The endosperm detached from a large Ginkgo ovule after fertilization bears a close resemblance to that of a cycad; the apex is occupied by a depression, on the floor of which two small holes mark the position of the archegonia, and the outgrowth from the megaspore apex projects from the centre as a short peg.
On one notable occasion he was pursued by his enemies into a tea-house, where he was concealed by a young lady beneath the floor of her room.
The grand carpet which had covered the floor of one of the mosques for three centuries was purchased by a traveller about 1890 for ioo, and was finally acquired by the South Kensington Museum for many thousands.
On the western side of this depression there are red sandstones with coal-seams, possibly Tertiary; the floor and the eastern side consist chiefly of ancient crystalline and schistose rocks.
In 1882 an act was passed in the Cape legislative assembly, empowering members to speak in the Dutch language on the floor of the House, if they so desired.
Brooks (1819-1857), a congressman from South Carolina, suddenly confronted Sumner as he sat writing at his desk in the Senate chamber, denounced his speech as a libel upon his state and upon Butler, his relative, and before Sumner, pinioned by his desk, could make the slightest resistance, rained blow after blow upon his head, till his victim sank bleeding and unconscious upon the floor.
Little change, however, seems to have been made since the time of Ibn Jubair, who describes the floor and walls as overlaid with richly variegated marbles, and the upper half of the walls as plated with silver thickly gilt, while the roof was veiled with coloured silk.
As respects the mode of life of the Graptolites there can be little doubt that the Dendroidea were, with some exceptions, sessile or benthonic animals, their polyparies, like those of the recent Calyptoblastea, growing upwards, their bases remaining attached to the sea floor or to foreign bodies, usually fixed.
The wonderful mosaics, the wooden roof, elaborately fretted and painted, and the marble incrustation of the lower part of the walls and the floor are very fine.
The tick especially infests old huts and camping grounds and is nocturnal in habit, spending the day hidden in crevices of the walls or floor and coming out at night to feed upon the sleeping inmates.
In the floor of the mouth, between the two branches of the lower jaw, and supported behind by the hyoid apparatus, lies the tongue, an organ the free surface of which, especially in its posterior part, is devoted to the sense of taste, but which by reason of its great mobility (being composed almost entirely of muscular fibres) performs important mechanical functions connected with masticating and procuring food.
Its floor is far below the present level of the plain, and until recently the church was half filled with earth.
The tops of most of the buildings and the whole nucleus of the temple of Isis to the floor remained all the year round above the water level until the dam was raised another 26 ft.
In 1891 the pulpit was moved back and a monumental brass inserted in the floor to indicate the royal vault.
In the northern Apennines the elevation of the sea floor appears to have begun at an earlier period, for the Upper Cretaceous of that part of the chain consists largely of sandstones and conglomerates.
There are forty columns on the ground floor and sixty in the galleries, often crowned with beautiful capitals, in which the monograms of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora are inscribed.
This neutral mass is often termed the Plain, in allusion to its seats on the floor of the House.
When a room has bad acoustic quality we can almost always assign the fault to Large smooth surfaces on the walls, floor or ceiling, which reflect or echo the voice of the speaker so that the direct waves sent out by him at any instant are received by a hearer with the waves sent out previously and reflected at these smooth surfaces.
A large bare floor is undoubtedly bad for acoustics, for when a room is filled by an audience the hearing is much improved.
Besides these there were on the floor of the main apartment a number of detached movable couches or seats, all low, with one or more low tables of some sort.
Other volcanic peaks rise from the floor of the valleys, some of the Kirunga (Mfumbiro) group, north of Lake Kivu, being still partially active.
The rapid erosion of the soft limestone bed at one time threatened the destruction of the power, but this has been prevented by an enormous apron and an artificial concrete floor (completed in 1879).
Each consists in essence of a tightly stretched membrane or drum which is thrown into a state of rapid vibration by a powerful muscle attached to its inner surface and passing thence downwards to the floor of the thoracic cavity.