Engraving Sentence Examples

Most dictionaries contain an engraving of the manual letters.

Both kinds of engraving soon came to be in great demand.

This description, taken from a letter in 1579 by his junior contemporary Sir Peter Young, is very like Beza's fine engraving of him in the Icones - an engraving probably founded on a portrait which was to be sent by Young to Beza along with the letter.

It need scarcely be said that tiles have rather increased in value than deteriorated in the eyes of the connoisseur, that the ornamentation of metal-work, wood carving and inlaying, gem and seal engraving, are exquisite of their kind, and that the carpets manufactured by skilled workmen, when left to themselves and their native patterns, are to a great extent unrivalled.

Of these one or two, as we have evidence, tried their hands at engraving; among their engravings were these "knots," which, being things of use for decorative craftsmen to copy, were inscribed for identification, and perhaps for protection, as coming from the Achademia Leonardi Vinci; a trifling matter altogether, and quite unfit to sustain the elaborate structure of conjecture which has been built on it.

The sharp eyed among you might have noticed a gaping flaw in this 1812 engraving by J. Greig.

Engraving of Thomas first Lord Coventry; Lord keeper dated to plate 1818 from ' Portraits Of illustrious personages Of Great Britain.

The upper corner spandrels have peripheral foliage engraving flanking the maker's signature.

The account which has come down to us is that Mantegna began engraving in Rome, prompted by the engravings produced by Baccio Baldini of Florence after Sandro Botticelli; nor is there anything positive to invalidate this account, except the consideration that it would consign all the numerous and elaborate engravings made by Mantegna to the last sixteen or seventeen years of his life, which seems a scanty space for them, and besides the earlier engravings indicate an earlier period of his artistic style.

The improper use of engraving is to hide defective material.

Our only existing memorials of the great work are a number of small pen-studies of fighting men and horses, three splendid studies in red chalk at Budapest for heads in the principal group, one head at Oxford copied by a contemporary of the size of the original cartoon (above life); a tiny sketch, also at Oxford, by Raphael after the principal group; an engraving done by Zacchia of Lucca in 1558 not after the original but after a copy; a 16th-century Flemish drawing of the principal group, and another, splendidly spirited, by Rubens, both copies of copies; with Edelinck's fine engraving after the Rubens drawing.

The other works of Cicognara are - the Memorie storiche de' litterati ed artisti Ferraresi (1811); the Vite de' più insigni pittori e scultori Ferraresi, MS.; the Memorie spettanti alla storia della calcografia (1831); and a large number of dissertations on painting, sculpture, engraving and other kindred subjects.

Scott created these drawings in scratchboard ­ an engraving medium which evokes the look of popular art from the period of these stories.

The upper corner spandrels have peripheral foliage engraving flanking the maker 's signature.

A stipple engraving by William Dickinson duly circulated in very large numbers.

There are many different stores which offer personalized baby books, or you can purchase a book and take it to be personalized at an engraving or graphic arts shop.

Monogrammed gifts can be found at baby stores, engraving places, mail-order internet or catalogs, specialty stores, and even at department stores.

Plenty of baby keepsakes now include photo or engraving options, making it fun to create something special without having to drop a lot of cash.

Throw in a custom engraving for extra sentimental value, and you've just created a gift that will be truly appreciated and loved.

The cost of a silver bracelet of a specific weight in sterling silver with some engraving can fluctuate significantly depending upon whether the object has been made by machines or crafted by hand.

You are always given the choice of personalizing your class ring through engraving.

Many retailers specialize in engraving, monogramming, or otherwise personalizing gifts, so you can give a gift with anything from the parent's initials to a special saying, poem, or even your own heartfelt words to honor your parents.

Legendary Shells makes their own engraving with a process called sand carved engraving.

More elaborate favors will naturally cost more, and engraving will usually raise the price a bit more.

Engraving may be done on with the blades or handles of the set, depending on the materials the handles consist of.

Engraving your wedding serving set can add a special touch and make it even more memorable as a keepsake.

Allow up to six months if you are getting your invitations custom designed, artisan printed (e.g. letterpress or engraving), or if your invitations involve hand-applied details.

Wedding invitations that are made with thermography techniques rather than traditional engraving are less expensive, making them an ideal solution for the cost-conscious bride.

One aspect in which engraving might be preferred, however, is if your invitation has many intricate designs.

Since engraving can produce different heights of raised letters or lines, it might be a better option so that all the little details really stand out.

Thermography wedding invitations can really give you that sleek, expensive, engraved look in a much quicker time frame without the expense of real engraving.

Couples who do want to exchange rings at a renewal may have their rings augmented with new anniversary bands or engraving, or they may upgrade to more elaborate rings as part of their renewal.

Engraving picks is a way to personalize your plectrum, and there are a number of options available.

Engraving one of these picks is a delicate process since even creating a stone pick without chipping it can be a challenge.

It's usually a little easier to get very detailed on a metal pick as opposed to a gemstone pick that could chip during engraving.

In addition, sterling picks are great for engraving, so you can further personalize your guitar picks with your own special style.

Free engraving for your initials is offered here as well.

In this case, many jewelers offer a wide selection of bracelets and rings in similar mother designs, including birthstone personalization and name engraving.

The standard engraving styles feature scroll, flower, or religious designs, but you can make custom jewelry by having a design of your choosing engraved on a plain surface.

Keep in mind however, that if you add any special engraving to the ring, it will be nearly impossible to trade it in.

The buyer can choose the style, metal, finish, graduation year, stone color and engraving.

You can order wording of up to 12 letters on the outside of the bar, and receive a free engraving on the back of the bracelet.

You have the choice of going with traditional engraving or selecting to have your wording done in black enamel.

You can choose it in silver or 14k yellow gold, and the engraving is still free.

Silver plumeria links hold a silver bar detailed with more plumeria and ready for engraving.

Royal Hawaiian Heritage Jewelry - The collection at this online store includes Hawaiian heritage bracelets, rings and pendants that can be customized with an engraving of your choice.

The site offers custom engraving and even has a link to a tool that translates your name into Hawaiian, so you can choose to have the Hawaiian name engraved on your bracelet or other piece of jewelry.

Both on and off line there are many places that will personalize your crystal heart jewelry box by engraving it for you.

American Bridal offers mirrored engraving of their 24% lead crystal jewelry box from France.

Laser engraved - The blank bracelet is personalized using a laser engraving machine.

The discs are then personalized with special engraving machines that spell out the selected names of loved ones.

Later, if the recipient has a new addition to the family or a loved one whose name they'd like to add, they can do so easily by taking their bracelet to a local engraving shop.

Don't stop at the engraving, consider adding birthstones or gemstones for the birth months of each child on the bracelet.

The front of a disc offers a suitable surface for engraving and is a lovely way to show off the words or names.

The back of the disc is also a great place for engraving.

The engraving of the back of a necklace can be seen as a romantic gesture as the engraving is worn 'close to the heart'.

It is important when choosing a personalized gold disc necklace that there is plenty of space available for the engraving required.

In addition to the choice of word or letters, the style of engraving needs to be chosen.

Matching the style of engraving to the design of the gold disc necklace will ensure an attractive finished effect.

The engraver or jeweler will be able to offer help and advice about the most suitable style of engraving for the type of necklace chosen.

The bracelets hold special meaning, with each child being represented by a symbol such as a gemstone, charm, engraving or in many other ways.

Engraving is another way to represent children, with perhaps an initial of each child engraved into the main body of the bracelet.

Engraving is a popular option and many friends will choose initials, a special date, or a meaningful phrase such as a childhood secret password or name of a "secret" club to make the pendant more meaningful.

Dog Tags - Give your service member that extra bit of protection with a cross engraving on the back of a dog tag.

If you're not opting for initials or a first name engraving on the front of the locket, this style is ideal for a little girl.

You have the option of also monogramming or engraving a message on the locket.

Titanium is most commonly used for rings because the hard metal is difficult to solder or mold into intricate shapes or to engrave because laser engraving is the only type of engraving method that works well on titanium.

An image of the deceased pet and the dates of birth and death can be placed on the stone through laser engraving.

Engraving may or may not be included in the price you pay for an ornament, so be prepared.

If engraving is included, you may have to pay extra for sentiments that go over a certain number of letters.

If you're buying online, make sure to read the terms and conditions section of the sale carefully for lead times and check your engraving order carefully for typos before you head to the checkout.

Other details include engraving "past, present, future" into the ring's band, or adding filigree embellishments along the edges.

Depending on the particular piece of jewelry, engraving services may be available.

On many pieces, Tiffany and Company offers both hand and machine engraving, though that customization may add up to two weeks to an order's availability date.

Rings can be fully customized including mountings, settings, gemstones, and engraving.

Adding filigree or engraving details to the split or sides of the setting.

An example of this might be using unusual diamond shapes or engraving the ring.

Modern laser engraving equipment, however, means that rings can be engraved in a variety of places and styles.

The shanks of rings remain popular for engraving, though it is possible to engrave other areas of the ring and this can present some interesting options.

Engraving the inside of the ring with a love message is extremely romantic.

Therefore very fine or subtle engraving may completely disappear.

Unique ring engraving ideas is an unusual and contemporary take on an ancient wedding tradition.

There are some lovely, traditional ideas for ring engraving.

For the couple wishing to break away from tradition and to demonstrate their individuality, however, more unusual and unique ring engraving ideas need to be sought.

The fact that the symbol only becomes clear when the two rings are held together makes the engraving extremely special.

Variations on the traditional theme of ring engraving can be made by simply altering the positioning of the engraving.

An unusual idea is for the engraving to sit on the sides of the ring rather than on the inside.

This means that over time the engraving may wear away.

If the engraving is not well done it could just appear that the ring is scratched, therefore finding a professional and reputable engraver is paramount.

With a bit of thought the engraving could become an integral part of the design.

Knocks, scratches, and general wear may eventually erase the engraving.

For the couple seeking unique ring engraving ideas this can present the opportunity to bend tradition.

As the engraving will not be seen, it can be very personal.

A couple looking for a truly unique idea might want to consider engraving another item of jewelry all together.

This has many benefits, not least the fact that it allows the couple to be truly creative without having to worry about whether the novelty of a given engraving will diminish with daily wear.

There are two ways of engraving rings, by hand and by machine.

A personal engraving on a ring will make it unique to the couple.

These articles have plenty of suggestions for engraving rings.

An unusual engraving on a ring will be a unique way to celebrate and demonstrate a life long partnership.

Engraving is generally used to add facets or surface texture or design to a ring, but is not so deep.

This also goes for embellishments such as engagement ring engraving and diamond ring wraps, which in turn raise the average cost.

Shipping, engraving and a gift box for orders over $100 are always free.

Keep in mind that even the most basic and low cost rings can be transformed with engraving and many jewelers offer this service at a low cost.

Wide band diamond engagement rings can be lovely options with more room for personalization, carving, or engagement ring engraving.

If that is the case, a simple band may have interior engraving of a religious verse, cross, or other symbol for a heartfelt but very personal religious promise ring.

Just about every jeweler offers engraving and most are open to unique ring engraving ideas as well as traditional sentiments.

Here is a list of a few jewelry stores that offer engraving along with their wide variety of promise rings.

Get some ideas for your promise ring engraving at weddingbandsinc.com.

With many styles to choose from and easy engraving options, adding a special sentiment to an already special ring can strengthen your promise.

Engraving a few meaningful word can also add a romantic touch.

This only works if the band is wide enough for an engraving.

Unusual fonts or engraving styles can look stunning on a wedding band.

Wedding bands can feature a repeating trinity knot engraving.

Yellow gold Ani Hebrew wedding ring with an artistic engraving of the phrase, "I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine," in Hebrew.

To create an Art Deco-style ring, choose a setting that features filigree work or engraving.

Art Deco wedding rings often feature intricate engraving and small diamonds or other precious stones.

Not every jeweler offers engravings for tungsten rings because only lasers work for engraving the heavy metal.

Some jewelers will provide laser cut engravings, which actually are smoother against the skin than traditional engraving methods.

There are modern styles with sleek lines and ornate designs with engraving and filigree.

Words like "love" or "faith" are good choices for engraving.

Some retailers offer personalization options for certain covers, such as name engraving or a favorite verse of scripture, perfect for when giving this type of Bible cover as a gift.

Personalization, such as engraving initials, is also available with many leather styles and adds an extra touch when giving a men's wallet as a gift.

One of the features Skagen offers for corporations is customized watches with the company logo or special engraving.

A number of methods are used to create the paw print on the silver, including engraving it onto the silver and inlaying enamel in the silver.

This might include a case made from gold or silver, high quality watch workings and will often include an area for engraving.

This is particularly popular when watches are given as gifts as the engraving personalizes the watch and will help to mark an occasion.

A simple engraving giving the date of the wedding and the name of the bride and groom will mark the occasion for many years to come.

Whether it is to celebrate a special milestone birthday or simply as a lovely gift, engraving a watch with the date and name of the person makes the gift that little bit extra thoughtful.

Engraving a pocket watch with the special dates is a lovely way to help celebrate the anniversary.

They will be able to advise you as to the best pocket watches for engraving.

Write the message to be engraved down on paper as this will help to ensure that there are no spelling mistakes and that the engraving is perfect.

Other forms of personalized nurse's watches include engraving a professional nursing watch with a few special words.

The backs of watches offer the perfect place for engraving as the surface is flat and undecorated.

One of the most traditional forms of personalization is engraving.

Typically this is the back of the watch case as this provides a large space for engraving.

Engraving has many benefits which make it an attractive option.

The benefits include the fact that engraving is permanent and long lasting.

Watches that are given to mark a special occasion are perfect for engraving.

Bold fonts are easier to read than script fonts, however script fonts are considered more traditional for engraving.

Engraving is a popular way of customizing watches and a few words engraved into the back of a watch can show someone how special they are.

Engraving a pocket watch case with a name or date, for instance, might make for a great gift but can decrease the collectible value of the watch.

It's used a often in invitations when traditional engraving can't be used because of budget constraints.

You can also purchase engraving and embossing equipment here, as well as novelty and holiday stamps.

The architecture of your favorite restaurant can be adapted to suit the engraving on a metal hair clip.

Contenti has a variety of jewelry making supplies, including engraving tools, hammers, and safety equipment.

In a cottage in the environs of Paris called Le Moulin joli, there sat at the same table an old man engraving and an old woman whom he called his meuniere also engraving.

Mantegna has sometimes been credited with the important invention of engraving with the burin on copper.

The first edition also gives an engraving of the ark (repeated in the editions up to the fifth), in shape like a long roofed box, floating on the waters; the animals are seen in separate stalls.

Cutting and engraving are mechanical processes for producing decorative effects by abrading the surface of the glass when cold.

Engraving is a process of drawing on glass by means of small copper wheels.

In the 17th and 18th centuries the processes of scratching, engraving and etching were brought to great perfection.

Although a little engraving on copper has been practised in Japan of late years, it is of no artistic value, and the only branch of the art which calls for recognition is the Engraving.

The engraving is as good as ever.

With regard to incised chiselling, the commonest form is kebori (hair-carving), which may be called engraving, the lines being of uniform thickness and depth.

Evidently the idea of the great Yokoya experts, the originators of the style, was to break away from the somewhat formal monotony of ordinary engraving, where each line performs exactly the same function, and to convert the chisel into an artists i It is first boiled in a lye obtained by lixiviating wood ashes; it is next polished with charcoal powder; then immersed in plum vinegar and salt; then washed with weak lye and placed in a, tub of water to remove all traces of alkali, the final step being to digest in a boiling solution of copper sulphate, verdigris and water.

It was sent from India to Emmanuel, king of Portugal, in 1513; and from a sketch taken in Lisbon, Albert Diirer composed his celebrated but fanciful engraving, which was reproduced in so many old books on natural history.

If we add to pictures of this class a few Scriptural subjects, a few Oriental dreams, one or two of tender sentiment like "Wedded" (one of the most popular of his pictures, and well known by not only an engraving, but a statuette modelled by an Italian sculptor), a number of studies of very various types of female beauty, "Teresina," "Biondina," "Bianca," "Moretta," &c., and an occasional portrait, we shall nearly exhaust the two classes into which Lord Leighton's work (as a painter) can be divided.

But personally Peter learnt nearly all that he wanted to know - gunnery at Konigsberg, shipbuilding at Saardam and Deptford, anatomy at Leiden, engraving at Amsterdam - and was proceeding to Venice to complete his knowledge of navigation when the revolt of the slryeltsy, or musketeers (June 1698), recalled him to Moscow.

There is a school of industrial art (engraving and enamelling watch cases) and a school of watch-making (including instruction in the manufacture of chronometers and other scientific instruments of precision).

Diamonds are now employed not only for faceting precious stones, but also for cutting and drilling glass, porcelain, &c,; for fine engraving such as scales; in dentistry for drilling; as a turning tool for electric-light carbons, hard rubber, &c.; and occasionally for finishing accurate turning work such as the axle of a transit instrument.

He soon made himself known by a variety of useful mechanical inventions, and in 1818 came over to England with a plan for engraving bank-notes on steel, which ultimately proved a signal success, and was carried out by Perkins in partnership with the English engraver Heath.

Along with word-printing, or indeed in advance of it, there had sprung into use another kind of printing, picture-printing, or what is commonly called engraving.

The genius of Albrecht Diirer cannot be rightly estimated without taking into account the position which the arts of engraving on metal and on wood thus held in the culture of this time.

He was indeed professionally and in the first place a painter; but throughout his career a great, and on the whole the most successful, part of his industry was devoted to drawing on the block for the woodcutter or engraving with his own hand on copper.

At any rate a whole series of extant drawings enables us to trace the German gradually working out his own ideas of a canon of human proportion in the composition of his famous engraving of "Adam and Eve" (1504); which at first, as a drawing in the British Museum proves, had been intended to be an Apollo and Diana conceived on lines somewhat similar to one of Barbari's.

The first is the "Adam and Eve" dated 1507, in which both attitudes and proportions are as carefully calculated, though on a somewhat different scheme, as in the engraving of 1504.

In 1511 these two works were brought out for the first time, and the Apocalypse series in a second edition; and for the next three years, 1511-1514, engraving both on wood and copper, but especially the latter, took the first place among DUrer's activities.

Other paintings of this and the succeeding year we may seek for in vain; but in line engravings we have four more Madonnas, two St Christophers, one or two more peasant subjects, the well-known St Anthony with the view of Nuremberg in the background, and the smaller of the two portraits of the Cardinal-Elector of Mainz; and in wood-, engraving several fine heraldic pieces, including the arms of Nuremberg.

Strutt also gives an engraving, assigned by him to the 14th century, in which three hunters, one of whom blows a horn, are represented as unearthing a fox, which is pursued by a single hound.

The main part of most of these screens is filled in with quatrefoils, and at the top is an open frieze formed of plate iron pierced, repousse, and enriched with engraving.

Its industrial importance is shown by the fact that it is the site of the West Swiss technical institute, which has departments for instruction in watch-making, in electricity, in engraving and chasing, and in subjects relating to railway, postal and telegraph matters.

There is also an active trade in embossing or engraving copper and brass utensils.

Facing the Mall on the south is the home of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, in which the United States paper money and postage stamps are made.

All this while, the minor arts of enamelling, miniature, glass-painting, goldsmith's work, jewellery, engraving, tapestry, wood-carving, pottery, &c., were cultivated with a spontaneity and freedom which proved that France, in the middle point between Flanders and Italy, was able to use both influences without a sacrifice of native taste.

For the nature and method of preparing these surfaces see respectively Engraving (and allied articles), Lithography and Typography.

Process engraving has practically superseded wood engraving, and the new processes have brought new conditions, requiring a different making-ready, paper and ink.

These characteristics are preserved in a portrait in oil in the Wolfenbiittel library, which was probably the original of the (in that case unsuccessfully rendered) engraving prefixed to the Opera posthuma of 1677.

As in all other departments of medieval art, the engraving of seals in the middle ages passed through certain well-marked developments and changes characteristic of different Art.

Fine seal engraving is to be found in the productions of many of the continental nations; but in the best periods nothing can excel the work of English cutters.

In the r3th century this undeveloped stage has passed, and a fine, but still restrained, quality of engraving ensues, which, like all the allied arts of that century, charms with its simple and unpretending precision.

One of these was a cartoon or monochrome painting of Adam and Eve in tempera, and in this, besides the beauty of the figures, the infinite truth and elaboration of the foliage and animals in the background are celebrated in terms which bring to mind the treatment of the subject by Albrecht Darer in his famous engraving done thirty years later.

Several of the varieties are cut into gems and ornaments, balance weights, pivot supports for delicate instruments, agate mortars, &c.; or used for engraving, for instance, cameos and the elaborately carved crystal vases of ancient and medieval times.

In 1700 Brancovan had a map of the country made and a copperplate engraving of it executed at Padua.

Then there is an engraving in Stumpf's chronicle (1548), and, finally, the celebrated one by Hans Rudolf Manuel (1551), which follows the chronicle of 1476 rather than the ballad.

The original volumes have each an engraving of Anion and the Dolphin, and the appropriate inscription in usum serenissimi Delphini.

The other works of Cicognara are - the Memorie storiche de' litterati ed artisti Ferraresi (1811); the Vite de' più insigni pittori e scultori Ferraresi, MS.; the Memorie spettanti alla storia della calcografia (1831); and a large number of dissertations on painting, sculpture, engraving and other kindred subjects.

The engraving was the work of Datu Imaum Yakub, the high priest at the time, who received the genealogy from the lips of Merhoum Bongsu, otherwise Sultan Muadin, and Sultan KemalUdin, who ordered this record of their forefathers to be written.

Susan used an engraving from an 18th Century geological book, showing different varieties of moss agate, against a mottled background.

Half page Engraving The three Englishmen killed by Greek brigands.

In essence, hand engraving is the art of removing metal by cutting with a small chisel held in one's hand.

This engraving of 1807 broadly corresponds with the Isaac Miller drawing of about 1677.

These " plates " do not house any of the guns mechanisms but are usually fitted to provide embellishment in the form of engraving.

Alongside each poem is a hand-coloured engraving that is a work of art in its own right.

Click on the thumbnail to see a full-size engraving of Phillips's portrait of Sir Joseph Banks.

In the copper-plate engraving, the pulp is kept warm in a wooden tub.

He claimed to have invented the process of mezzotint, a method of copperplate engraving.

During his exile in Europe, he had become skilled in mezzotint engraving, which he is said to have introduced into England.

Engraving involves cutting into the plate with an engraving tool, which removes a thin sliver of metal.

On his return to London in 1818 he applied himself assiduously to the art of engraving, in which he acquired a skill that in after years became a most valuable assistant to his literary labours, and enabled him to illustrate his various humours and fancies by a profusion of quaint devices, which not only repeated to the eye the impressions of the text, but, by suggesting amusing analogies and contrasts, added considerably to the sense and effect of the work.

Most of these also offer engraving and/or monogramming.

Be sure to order your favors well in advance of your wedding date, and plan extra time if you are engraving your favors.

Thermography is substantially faster than other techniques used to achieve raised lettering such as engraving or lithography.

The style of engraving is very much a personal choice.

Many jewelers and watch makers offer an engraving service.

It has been suggested that he began engraving while still in Padua, under the tuition of a distinguished goldsmith, Niccolo.

He now employed himself in making optical glasses, and in engraving on metal, devoting his spare time to the perusal of works on mathematics and optics.

Modelling in terra-cotta, sculpture in stone and ivory, engraving on, gems, were following it closely by the beginning of the 2nd millennium.

The saving in time and cost by adopting this process is considerable, for a plan, the engraving of which takes two years, can now be produced in two days.

The original drawings for this map had to be done with exceptional neatness, the draughtsman spending twelve months on that which he would have completed in four months had it been intended to engrave the map on copper; yet an average chart, measuring 530 by 630 mm., which would have taken two years and nine months for drawing and engraving, was completed in less than fifteen months - fifty days of which were spent in " retouching " the copper plate.

A plan, the engraving of which formerly took two years, can now be produced in two days.

The true use of engraving is to add interest to vessels by means of coats of arms, crests, monograms, inscriptions and graceful outlines.

George Schwanhart, a pupil of Caspar Lehmann, started glass-cutting at Ratisbon, and about 1690 Stephen Schmidt and Hermann Schwinger introduced the crafts of cutting and engraving glass in Nuremberg.

But before accepting this conclusion as final, one must not lose sight of the fact that the so-called chiaroscuro engraving was at the height of its use in Italy at the same time that embassies from thc Christians in Japan visited Rome, and that it is thus possiblc that the suggestion at least may have been derived from Europe.

His father was a working man, and at fourteen the boy was apprenticed to Messrs Bradbury and Evans to learn bank-note engraving.

The beginnings of a school of wall painting also go back to the Middle Minoan period, and metal technique and such arts as gem engraving show great advance.

In 1766 he was apprenticed to a storekeeper at Salem, in New England, and while in that employment occupied himself in chemical and mechanical experiments, as well as in engraving, in which he attained to some proficiency.

Braun and Hogenberg's map was published in 1572-1573, and the so-called Agas's map was probably produced soon afterwards, and was doubtless influenced by the publication of Braun and Hogenberg's excellent engraving; Norden's maps of London and Westminster are dated 1593.

Wood engraving kept its ground for a considerable period, especially in Germany, but copper in the end supplanted it, and owing to the beauty and clearness of the maps produced by a combination of engraving and etching it still maintains its ground.