A large number of algae again live as epiphytes or endophytes.

Of endophytes a distinction must be made between those which occupy the cell-wall only and those which perforate the cells, bringing about their destruction.

Virtually every plant species researchers have examined has fungal endophytes.

In the beneficial interactions, Epichloë endophytes are strictly limited in their intercellular growth throughout the plant.

meristem tip culture eliminates most viruses, fungi and bacteria, but not necessarily endophytes.