In the article Thermodynamics it is shown that the amount of heat required to raise a given weight of a gas through a certain range of temperature is different according as the gas is maintained at constant pressure, the volume in creasing, or at constant volume, the pressure increasing.
While in the rest of South Africa there was a growing feeling of trust between the Dutch and British, accompanied by in creasing trade and the development of agriculture, the condition of the Transvaal was becoming serious.
Thick of a monolithic dam, subject to the pressure of water against its vertical side to the full depth ab= d in feet, the horizontal _ eL 2 pressure of water against the section of the dam, inI creasing uniformly with the depth, is properly represented by the isosceles right-angled triangle abe, in which be is the maximum water-pressure due to the Cent full depth d, while the area 2 abe = d is t h e total hor12 d3 6 If x be the width of the base, and p the density of the masonry, the weight of the masonry in terms of a cubic foot of water will be acting at its centre of gravity g, situated at 3x from the outer toe, and the moment of resistance to overturning on the outer toe, p x 2 d (2) In countries where good clay or retentive earth cannot be obtained, numerous alternative expedients have been adopted with more or less success.
