Council Sentence Examples
You'll get to meet all my council members.
The Council is a mess.
The quarterly council meeting is tonight.
Do they hold the Council together?
The three eldest sons on the Council were dead.
Weyrother, who was in full control of the proposed battle, by his eagerness and briskness presented a marked contrast to the dissatisfied and drowsy Kutuzov, who reluctantly played the part of chairman and president of the council of war.
Sometimes the head of the Council That Was Seven has to be discreet.
The town is governed by an urban district council.
Each of the brothers on the Council was gifted in some way.
It was not a council of war, but, as it were, a council to elucidate certain questions for the Emperor personally.
AdvertisementThe father of the Council That Was Seven?
I led the Council long enough to know there's usually more than one.
Did he kill the others to take over the Council?
The fifth oecumenical council came nearest to so doing, in the case of Vigilius.
Jetr, I will accept the Council's offer.
AdvertisementUnder all these three acts there is a final appeal to the judicial committee of the privy council.
Since he'd dropped into seclusion there were any number of times I could have used his council.
Gabriel knew the secrets of all the brothers on the Council; there were things people told Death that they never revealed to anyone else.
The two were always at each other's throats, and Gabe had witnessed their decision making skills on the Council.
Rhyn leads the Council.
AdvertisementI seek an alliance against my former employer and to regain my place at the Council, Sasha answered.
In Hell, the Immortal Jade, formerly the most trusted lieutenant to the leader of the Council That Was Seven, looked around his new bedchamber with a shiver.
He.d seen the way Kris looked at her and had long suspected the Council leader had two lovers, not one.
Darkyn, the most powerful of all demons, wouldn.t have returned from the pits of Hell, where the Dark One banished him to lead the army to the Immortals. front door and wipe out the Council.
If I could protect you alone, I.d take you somewhere safe from the demons and the Council.
AdvertisementAs she fell asleep, she couldn.t help thinking Rhyn was the only Immortal on the Council she.d trust to keep humans safe.
He granted me a position directly supporting the Council, if I walked away from her forever.
Opal, the head of the Council, rose gracefully, pulling A'Ran from his thoughts.
Thereupon, in full council and in the king's presence, Roland read his letter aloud.
As a member of the council of Madras he helped to defend the city against the French in 1759, and in July 1760 he went to Bengal as president of the council and governor of Fort William.
The first council met in Edinburgh in 1877.
The congregation chooses all the officers, and these form a church council.
When a change of Government occurs the president chooses a prominent parliamentarian as premier and president of the council.
He is assisted, and in some degree controlled, in his work by the district council (conseil darrondissement), to which each canton sends a member, chosen by universal suffrage.
The meetings of the council are open to the public.
The National Telephone Company applied to the London County Council for permission to lay wires underground and continued efforts till 1899 to obtain this power, but without success.
He was on the Council until shortly after I died-dead, after which he betrayed the Immortals to work for the Dark One, Darkyn's predecessor.
The events he spoke of occurred just a few months before, when Darkyn was attacking the Immortals and before Rhyn took over the Council That Was Seven.
They'd never trusted one another enough to share, and their father made things worse by compartmentalizing the Council's business and pitting the sons against one another long before he was killed.
It's been a rough year for the Council.
While not privy to the Council's business, he assessed the appearance of their father at a time when Rhyn was struggling for control did not bode well for any of them.
Gabriel turned the pages of the Oracle's book, watching as words scribbled themselves across the parchment, updating a chain of events that changed with every decision made by the Council That Was Seven.
She looks like the Council, dismembered beyond recognition.
Rhyn snorted and faced Sasha, the brother charged with governing Australia, and the first to abandon the Council in favor of serving the Dark One.
For the history of the definition see Vatican Council; also Papacy, Gallicanism, Febronianism, Old Catholics, &c.
He was also appointed governor of Weymouth, sheriff of Dorsetshire for the king and president of the king's council of war in the county.
He was at once appointed on the council of thirty.
On the resignation of this parliament he became a member of the council of state named in the "Instrument."
He was, however, elected on the council of state, and was the only Presbyterian in it; he was at once accused by Scot, along with Whitelocke, of corresponding with Hyde.
After the rising in Cheshire Cooper was arrested in Dorsetshire on a charge of corresponding with its leader Booth, but on the matter being investigated by the council he was unanimously acquitted.
Upon the restoration of the parliament on the 26th of December Cooper was one of the commissioners to command the army, and on the 2nd of January was made one of the new council of state.
Cooper was at once placed on the privy council, receiving also a formal pardon for former delinquencies.
He was named on the council of plantations and on that of trade.
His attention to all trade questions was close and constant; he was a member of the council of trade and plantations appointed in 1670, and was its president from 1672 to 1676.
On the 19th of May he was dismissed the privy council and ordered to leave London.
On the 2nd of November he opened the great attack by proposing an address declaring the necessity for the king's dismissing James from his council.
In April, upon the king's declaration that he was resolved to send for James from Scotland, Shaftesbury advised the popular leaders at once to leave the council, and they followed his advice.
The relations were now very strained between the reforming princes and Maximilian, who, unable to raise an army, refused to attend the meetings of the council at Nuremberg, while both parties treated for peace with France.
The hostility of the king rendered the council impotent.
He soon took the field, but after his failure to capture Padua the league broke up; and his sole ally, the French king, joined him in calling a general council at Pisa to discuss the question of Church reform.
In the local and municipal politics of Berlin again he took a leading part, and as a member of the municipal council was largely responsible for the transformation which came over the city in the last thirty years of the 19th century.
At the Council of Salisbury in 1116 the English king ordered Thurstan to submit, but instead he resigned his archbishopric, although this did not take effect.
He then returned to Bavaria, and his absence bringing him into ill odour at Vienna, he complained of the incompetence of the council of commerce and dedicated a tract on trade (CommercienTractat) to the emperor Leopold.
Vansittart sought to check this, and in 1762 he made a treaty with Mir Kasim, but the majority of his council were against him and in the following year this was repudiated.
In 1865 the synod of that province, in an urgent letter to the archbishop of Canterbury (Dr Longley), represented the unsettlement of members of the Canadian Church caused by recent legal decisions of the Privy Council, and their alarm lest the revived action of Convocation "should leave us governed by canons different from those in force in England and Ireland, and thus cause us to drift into the status of an independent branch of the Catholic Church."
This act was amended in 1897 to meet the wishes of the Roman Catholic minority, but separate schools were not reestablished; nor was the council divided into denominational committees.
In episcopacy the supreme authority is a diocesan bishop; in congregationalism it is the members of the congregation assembled in church meeting; in Presbyterianism it is a church council composed of representative presbyters.
In episcopacy the control of church affairs is almost entirely withdrawn from the people; in congregationalism it is almost entirely exercised by the people; in Presbyterianism it rests with a council composed of duly appointed office-bearers chosen by the people.
The ecclesiastical unit in episcopacy is a diocese, comprising many churches and ruled by a prelate; in congregationalism it is a single church, self-governed and entirely independent of all others; in Presbyterianism it is a presbytery or council composed of ministers and elders representing all the churches within a specified district.
And the decision of the council at Jerusalem was evidently more than advisory; it was authoritative and meant to be binding on all the churches.
Proceedings of Seventh General Council of the Alliance of Reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian System (Washington, 1899).
At a representative conference in London in 1875 the constitution of the council was agreed upon.
On the roll of the general council held at Washington in 1899 there were sixty-four churches.
It was the town council which made arrangements for religious disputations, and provided for the housing and maintenance of the preachers.
In 1538 the ministers took upon themselves to refuse to administer the Lord's Supper in Geneva because the city, as represented by its council, declined to submit to church discipline.
It was felt to be a political necessity that he should return, and in 1541, somewhat reluctantly, he returned on his own terms. These were the recognition of the Church's spiritual independence, the division of the town into parishes, and the appointment (by the municipal authority) of a consistory or council of elders in each parish for the exercise of discipline.
Over all was the central provincial council consisting of the two senior ministers and fifteen members nominated by the state in the first instance.
Similar associations or presbyteries were formed in London and in the midland and eastern counties; but the privy council was hostile.
It was a council created by parliament to give advice in church matters at a great crisis in the nation's history; but its acts, though from the high character and great learning of its members worthy of deepest respect, did not per se bind parliament or indeed anyone.
A loose union, called the "Federal Council of the Reformed Churches in America," was formed in 1894 by the churches mentioned (excepting the Southern Assembly) and the Dutch and German Reformed churches.
A bishop of Parma is mentioned in the acts of the council of Rome of A.D.
Lucas brought in a bill in his first session to effect this reform, but was defeated on the motion to have the bill sent to England for approval by the privy council; and he insisted upon the independent.
He purchased the allegiance of the stryeltsi, or musketeers, and then, summoning the boyars of the council, earnestly represented to them that Theodore, scarce able to live, was surely unable to reign, and urged the substitution of little Peter.
In the Reformed Church (far the more numerous of the two bodies) each parish has a council of presbyters, consisting of the pastor and lay-members elected by the congregation.
The council of state (conseil detat) is the principal council of the head of the state and his ministers, who consult it on various legislative problems, more particularly on questions of administration.
The presidency of the council of state belongs ex officio to the minister of justice.
Although the management of local affairs is in the hands of the prefect his power with regard to these is checked by a deliberative body known as the general council (conseil general).
This council, which consists for the most part of business and professional men, is elected by universal suffrage, each canton in the department contributing one member.
The general council controls the departmental administration of the prefect, and its decisions on points of local government are usually final.
The general council, when not sitting, is represented by a permanent delegation (commission departementale).
It is the seat of a justice of the peace, and is the electoral unit for the general council and the district council.
Both mayors and deputy mayors are elected by and from among members of the municipal council for four years.
The local affairs of the commune are decided by the municipal council, and its decisions become operative after the expiration of a month, save in matters which involve interests transcending those of the commune.
In such cases the prefect must approve them, and in some cases the sanction of the general council or even ratification by the president is necessary.
They are composed of employers and workmen in equal numbers and are established by decree of the council of state, advised by the minister of justice.
Communal Finances.The budget of the commune is prepared by the mayor, voted by the municipal council and approved by the prefect.
The council held eight meetings, at which many matters of intercolonial interest were discussed.
The course taken by Cranmer in promoting the Reformation exposed him to the bitter hostility of the reactionary party or " men of the old learning," of whom Gardiner and Bonner were leaders, and on various occasions - notably in 1543 and 1 545 - conspiracies were formed in the council or elsewhere to effect his overthrow.
On the accession of Mary he was summoned to the council - most of whom had signed the same device - reprimanded for his conduct, and ordered to confine himself to his palace at Lambeth until the queen's pleasure was known.
Any chance of safety that lay in the friendliness of a strong party in the council was more than nullified by the bitter personal enmity of the queen, who could not forgive his share in her mother's divorce and her own disgrace.
Before this interview a national council had met at St Albans at the beginning of August 1213, and this was followed by another council, held in St Paul's church, London, later in the same month; it was doubtless summoned by the archbishop, and was attended by many of the higher clergy and a certain number of the barons.
In dealing with this matter the Articles of the Barons had declared that aids and tallages must not be taken from the citizens of London and of other places without the consent of the council.
It is very interesting, but it does not constitute any marked advance in the history of parliament, as it merely expresses the customary method of summoning a council.
In the Calyptoblastea the perisarc is always continued above the From Allman's Gymnoblastic Hydroids, by permission of the Council of the Ray Society.
The buds may all become detached after a time and give rise to separate and independent individuals, as in the common Hydra, in which only polyp-individuals are produced and sexual elements From Allman's Gymnoblastic Hydroids, by permission of are developed the Council of the Ray Society.
The histology described above for the polyp may be taken as the primitive type, from which that From Allman's G y mnoblastic Hydroids, by permission of the Council of the Ray Society.
The government of Germany during his minority was in the hands of Theophano, and after her death in June 99 1 passed to a council in which the chief influence was exercised by Adelaide and Willigis, archbishop of Mainz.
The first trace of system is in the limited right of appeal given by the first oecumenical council of Nicaea and its provision that episcopal sentences or those of provincial synods on appeal were to be recognized throughout the world.
A few years later, in 347, the council of Sardica, a council of practically the whole West save Africa, reversed Tyre and acquitted St Athanasius after a full judicial inquiry.
This council endeavoured to set up a system of appeals in the case of bishops, in which the see of Rome was made to play a great part.
That pope, although in Constantinople, refused to attend the sittings of the council.
As to appeals the mixed council of Cliff at Hoo (747) said they should go to the synod of the province.
At the council of " Nid " he was reconciled to the other bishops of the province, but not restored.
Canon 13 of the first council of Orleans, which has been cited in this matter, seems to have no application.
The 6th council of Toledo (in 693) has been cited as if it visited certain very great sinners with scourging as an ecclesiastical punishment.
The fifth canon of the council of Macon, in 584, forbids clergy to dress like laymen and imposes a penalty of thirty days' imprisonment on bread and water; but this may be merely penitential.
In 1438 the council of Basel took away all papal original jurisdiction (save in certain reserved cases - of which infra), evocation of causes to Rome, appeals to Rome omisso medio, and appeals to Rome altogether in many causes.
The council of Trent took away the jurisdiction of archdeacons in marriage questions.
But the revocation of a desservant, and the forbidding him the execution of his ministry in the diocese, was not a case in which the council of state would interfere (Migne, ubi sup. " Appel comme d'abus," " Conseil d'etat ").
At the Vatican Council, a desire was expressed that he should be a priest (ib.).
The patriarchate was abolished and its jurisdiction transferred by a council at St Petersburg in 1721 to a Holy Governing Synod.
It seems probable that the Vinaya and the four Nikayas were put substantially into the shape in which we now have them before the council at Vesali, a hundred years after the Buddha's death; that slight alterations and additions were made in them, and the miscellaneous Nikaya and the Abhidhamma books completed, at various times down to the third council under Asoka; and that the canon was then considered closed.
Of the Lenten fast or Quadragesima, the first mention is in the fifth canon of the council of Nicaea (325), and from this time it is frequently referred to, but chiefly as a season of preparation for baptism, of absolution of penitents or of retreat and recollection.
The society has also established a chemical research laboratory, in which much useful work has been done in connexion with the national pharmacopoeia under the direction of the Pharmacopoeia Committee of the Medical Council.
In 1642 the governor and council of Batavia fitted out two ships to prosecute the discovery of the south land, then believed to be part of a vast Antarctic continent, and entrusted the command to Captain Abel Jansen Tasman.
He voted for the exclusion of James, duke of York, from the throne, and made overtures to William, prince of Orange, and consequently in 168r he lost both his secretaryship and his seat on the privy council.
The council was empowered to elect one burgess to parliament, and this right continued until the Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885.
In 1796 he returned to France, and next year he was sent by Lyons as a deputy to the Council of Five Hundred.
Thus the council rejected both Nestorianism and Eutychianism, and stood upon the doctrine that Christ had two natures, each perfect in itself and each distinct from the other, yet perfectly united in one person, who was at once both God and man.
The emperor Marcian approved the doctrinal decrees of the council and enjoined silence in regard to theological questions.
In accordance with the consistent policy of inclusion and toleration by which the whole of his official life was characterized, he induced the council to call the assembly of notables, which met at Fontainebleau in August 1560 and agreed that the States General should be summoned, all proceedings against heretics being meanwhile suppressed, pending the reformation of the church by a general or national council.
He was listening to the general's report-- which consisted chiefly of a criticism of the position at Tsarevo- Zaymishche--as he had listened to Denisov, and seven years previously had listened to the discussion at the Austerlitz council of war.
The day after the council at Malo-Yaroslavets Napoleon rode out early in the morning amid the lines of his army with his suite of marshals and an escort, on the pretext of inspecting the army and the scene of the previous and of the impending battle.
Without your protector, you'll never be welcomed at the Council.
You want me to meet the Council?
It.s like beheading the Council!
He seemed to be the only one on the Council who truly cared about upholding the balance between good and evil, no matter what the cost.
Sasha had chosen to serve the Dark One and betray the Council and their father.
Then there were the rules their father had created about none of the brothers being permitted to kill the others, with the exception of Andre, whose sole purpose in life was to keep the Council on track and protect them.
I need confirmation before the Council meets, and I need to know if you can alter whatever it is Sasha's people did, Kris said.
Long ago, before Sasha broke from the Council, he had stayed in a corner chamber overlooking the forest.
He was, but he.s prepping for the Council meeting.
Rhyn, the rest of the Council is meeting now in the conference room off my chambers.
Unfortunately, you are a Council member.
She looked like Lilith, the woman Rhyn killed when he discovered she.d plotted with the Dark One to kill the Council.
He wasn.t sure what they expected of him; he.d never been included in any Council meeting.
I vote the Council split.
The Council is no more.
No one but Sasha and me left in your Council, and I doubt I was ever really a part of it.
The Council meeting was a bust, and there was more tension in the air than he could understand.
Sasha needs to fry, and the Council needs to remain intact, or all Immortals die.
Now, you can send your soldiers to the castle where the demons are staging an attack, and rejoin the Council, or I can bury you here in your front yard.
If nothing else, the father of the Council would never again be found.
Three pairs of eyes went to Rhyn, who stood ready to take on any of them that mentioned leaving the Council.
The first to betray the Council and serve the Dark One?
The only to betray the council and serve the Dark One!
The Council That Was Seven had been immortalized safeguarding their father in death.
I.m sworn to protect Toby, and I.ve done my duty in protecting Sasha, who is also my brother, according to the Code and the oaths I swore to my father and the Council!
Lilith was trying to destroy the Council.
Mostly. The Council sent in their warriors to help Kris.
What do you mean, brought the Council together?
Megan said you brought the Council together.
He.d serve on the Council and force it to stay together.
Gabriel had been a friend to all the Council members, though he suspected the assassin favored Rhyn the most.
He thought of what the Council wanted him to do and of what Sasha had done.
The Council is working together for once, and Sasha tricked us into thinking he was returning to the Council, disappeared and washed up at the Caribbean Sanctuary.
As much as he didn.t want to admit it, this was a role for Rhyn, who had brought the Council back.
I.m going to make sure you and the Council do what it must to protect her and everyone else like her.
Right, because killing in cold blood isn.t something a Council member does.
But, I.ll keep the Council together to protect Katie and our hatchling.
You take care of her like you said you would after the Council meeting.
If he took down the Council, too, he would be all the more content.
The Planetary Council, his second-in-command, even his sister, had paraded women through his home every time he returned from a battle.
You've refused women from every Council member's family.
Jetr, the only Council member he trusted, had been an ally for three generations of his family without appearing to age.
That time passed with the suffering of his people and the ability of the Council to coerce all his allies but one to leave his side.
He had to repay the odious debt to the Council.
And if you do this, the Council will leave you alone.
The Council wants nothing to do with them and views the presence of your father's betrayer and your people on the planet as a sign the Yirkin are willing to share your planet rather than take it over.
I'll do it, Jetr, for you, not the Council.
You swear the Council will consider my debt to them repaid? he asked.
Despite his hatred for the politics, he knew he needed the Council's help.
His people were starving as the planet died, and soon, the Council would realize the planet produced no ore without its rightful ruler.
The Brains set up the Planetary Council-- the alien version of the United Nations-- several generations before to mediate between the warring planets within the Five Galaxies.
There were still wars, Evelyn had confided, even though it was frowned upon by the Council.
He'd known it would fail, but the elders of the Planetary Council had called in their last favor.
He wouldn't await word from the Council but would warn his counselors and advisors to avoid Kisolm's planet.
I believe the Council will be visiting us as well once they receive word of what I have done.
Until now, the Council has obstructed his efforts, but that is no longer true.
When will you return to meet the Council here?
I will meet with members of the Council.
He'd see her in less than a day, if the Council didn't absorb all his time.
Ne'Rin sat to his right at the largest table within the command center with the Council members arranged by rank to his left.
Jetr was one of the only champions A'Ran had on the Council.
And the Council will help you build allies, Jetr said.
It was mid-afternoon already, another day wasted with the Council rather than concentrating on preparing for battle.
Part of him knew the Council was stalling him for that reason, though whether they did so to hinder his efforts or to maintain the appearance of their power over him, he wasn't sure.
You're taking a break from the Council?
It's been quiet due to the cease-fire called by the Council, he explained.
They nearly reached the women's wing when the strange little Council member with white eyes called out to her.
There was always the Council, and the only ally A'Ran still had.
Assistance might come from their direction, but any favor from the Council would cost him dearly in another way.
The Council awaits you.
He carried it with him to the long, pointless Council meeting, to his afternoon sparring session with Jetr, to the banquet and introduction of his nishani to the clan leaders.
He suspected the Council members knew more and that this night of relative peace was the last he would know for a very long time.
I met all your Council members.
The Council would have left at dawn with A'Ran.
The Council split on sanctioning me, and those whose support Jetr swayed for me are sending their armies to battle.
He'd waited too long for the Council to support him instead of returning to the planet that needed him.
They'd been right to use force over reason with the Council, a lesson he'd learned almost too late.
You're my only true ally of any influence with the Council.
The Council will want to be involved, even if this becomes an intra-galaxy war.
Let us end it once and for all, not with the Council manipulating each of us for its benefit!
The force of the Council will be at your door if you touch Qatwal.
I want my planet back, Jetr, and the Council has done nothing in all these sun-cycles but impede me.
I have some work to do to keep the Council out of your way.
The Council can't talk any sense into A'Ran, and they're amassing this ginormous army to destroy him.
Romas said I was crazy with hormones, but I spoke to someone on the Council who thought it was a good idea.
She was surprised to recognize the Council members, from tall, thin Opal to the Council members whose names she'd never learned.
Nervous, uneasy, she made her way down the wall toward the Council members, who held court with themselves.
She stopped within full view of Jetr and waited, not wanting to draw the attention of the entire Council to her.
I'm afraid you're all that stands between the Council and him.
The Council would do that?
The Council believes he's destroyed one planet and is about to destroy a second.
She leaned against the wall and drew a deep breath, praying A'Ran trusted this Council member for a reason.
She recognized Romas and his father, two other Council members with Jetr, and a few more strangers.
The Council will fund everything.
Mison might try to blow A'Ran up, or the Council change its mind, or A'Ran would destroy everything to win his war, even if it meant losing her.
You both must agree to the terms you made, and I will agree on behalf of the Council.
The one where you become the Council's assassin.
It was the symbol of the enforcer of the Council That Was Seven, the only of the seven brothers sanctioned to kill in cold blood on behalf of the Council and Immortals.
The Council's scientist hunched as the demons took his arms and withdrew him from the chamber.
You must tell Kris about Lilith. I'm sick of this war between you two. We need you both on the Council.
The specter pointed back towards the lake. Katie slowed and watched Gabriel continue onward. She'd liked Andre above any of the Council members, but his insistence that she go in the direction opposite of which she was headed puzzled her.
Take your place with us on the Council. We can deal with Death without breaking down her front door and pissing her off.
And I thought he'd started to accept a role on the Council, even if it was the one of the enforcer.
I don't know. He pulled the Council together after we split.
I sent out a party to search for our father's remains so we can have a safe place for the Council and Immortals again.
Kris, I think the era of the Council as a whole is over.
Kris heard what Kiki didn't say, that only Andre had been able to keep the Council together after their father's death. The six headstrong brothers of the Council That Was Seven had respected Andre, who was an adult when the rest of the brothers were born.
Listen, Kris, I'm not trying to be an ass, but logistically and in practicality, there's no reason for us to maintain the Council.
Death had visited the leaders of the Council – and Rhyn.
Which is why you hope to keep the Council together.
I hope to keep the Council together because it will do the most good.
And the Council has broken up at least once.
You want me to let the Council break apart.
To be more powerful, so I can wipe out my enemies and force my brothers to stay in the Council.
Death was right. Kris didn't have what it took to keep the Council together. He may have just lost one of his brothers, because he lost focus of what he should've done. Maybe he should've known Jade was a traitor or Hannah was a demon. He hadn't known of Andre's danger or been able to bring the Council together to fight the demons that threatened them all. He hadn't been able to keep Hannah safe or Toby or Katie.
Rhyn turned, surprised. He'd forgotten Kris's presence. The Council leader stepped forward.
The Council needs you.
In a variety of ways it does a great deal of social service similar to that of gilds of help. Its administration has always been in the hands of laymen, and it works through local "conferences" or branches, the general council having been suspended because it declined to accept a cardinal as its official head.
He was the young tsar Peter's chief supporter when, in 1689, Peter resisted the usurpations of his elder sister Sophia, and the head of the loyal council which assembled at the Troitsa monastery during the crisis of the struggle.
Meaning in general the "king's court," it is difficult to define the curia regis with precision, but it is important and interesting because it is the germ from which the higher courts of law, the privy council and the cabinet, have sprung.
It was thus practically a committee of the larger council, and assisted the king in his judicial work, its authority being as undefined as his own.
On the 9th of December the fifth Lateran council, which had been reopened by Leo in April, ratified the peace with Louis XII.
While the council was engaged in planning a crusade and in considering the reform of the clergy, a new crisis occurred between the pope and the king of France.
During these two or three years of incessant political intrigue and warfare it was not to be expected that the Lateran council should accomplish much.
Its three main objects, the peace of Christendom, the crusade and the reform of the church, could be secured only by general agreement among the powers, and Leo or the council failed to secure such agreement.
Leo closed the council on the 16th of March 1517.
The year which marked the close of the Lateran council was also signalized by Leo's unholy war against the duke of Urbino.
Its public institutions include tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a council of tradearbitrators, a chamber of commerce and a branch of the Bank of France.
During the first weeks of the queen's sorrow after the battle, Gavin, with one or two colleagues of the council, acted as personal adviser, and it may be taken for granted that he supported the pretensions of the young earl.
This question was solemnly submitted to a grand council of prelates, senators, ministers and other dignitaries on the 13th of June 1718.
The last decree proposed the convocation of a national council.
The town is under the control of a provost, bailies and council, and, along with Hawick and Selkirk, forms the Hawick (or Border) group of parliamentary burghs.
During York's regency, both before and after the battle of St Albans, Waynflete took an active part in the proceedings of the privy council.
He was one of the founders of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), was a member of the New York Council for some years before the War of Independence, a member and president of the First Provincial Congress of New York (1775), and a member of the Second Provincial Congress (1775-1776).
In 1820 he was elected as a deputy to the cantonal council, and was a member of the extraordinary diet of 1832.
In 1761 he was promoted to be member of council, under the presidency of Mr Vansittart, who had been introduced by Clive from.
The members of council, the commanders of the troops, and the commercial residents plundered on a grand scale.
Batson gave him the lie and struck him in the council chamber.
At last, in the winter of 1768, he received the appointment of second in council at Madras.
In the beginning of 1772 his ambition was stimulated by the nomination to the 'second place in council in Bengal with a promise of the reversion of the governorship when Mr Cartier should retire.
In April 1772 Warren Hastings took his seat as president of the council at Fort William.
The council was reduced to four members with a governor-general, who were to exercise certain indefinite powers of control over the presidencies of Madras and Bombay.
The council consisted of General Clavering and the Hon.
The new members of council disembarked at Calcutta on the 19th of October 1774; and on the following day commenced the long feud which scarcely terminated twentyone years later with the acquittal of Warren Hastings by the House of Lords.
Macaulay states that the members of council were put in ill-humour because their salute of guns was not proportionate to their dignity.
The majority of the council abandoned their supporter, who was executed in due course.
From that time forth, though he could not always command an absolute majority in council, Hastings was never again subjected to gross insult, and his general policy was able to prevail.
On this point the entire council acted in harmony.
In his case the ancestral hoards were under the control of his mother, the begum of Oudh, into whose hands they had been allowed to pass at the time when Hastings was powerless in council.
But he was now destined to learn that his enemy Francis, whom he had discomfited in the council chamber at Calcutta, was more than his match in the parliamentary arena.
These are subdivided into twenty provinces, each administered by an administrator of native affairs by whose side is the provincial council consisting of natives and occupied with the discussion of ways and means and questions of public works.
In the very earliest centuries we find the episcopate, united in council,, drawing up symbols of faith, which every believer was bound to accept under pain of exclusion, condemning heresies, and casting out heretics.
This doctrine, rather political than theological, was a survival of the errors which had come into being after the Great Schism, and especially at the council of Constance; its object was to put the Church above its head, as the council of Constance had put the ecumenical council above the pope, as though the council could be ecumenical without its head.
In reality it was Gallicanism alone which was condemned at the Vatican Council, and it is Gallicanism which is aimed at in the last phrase of the definition we have quoted.
It is remarkable that the definition of the infallibility of the pope did not appear among the projects (schemata) prepared for the deliberations of the Vatican Council (1869).
The duma, or council, still attended to all the details of the administration; the old boyars still retained their ancient offices and dignities.
In Edinburgh, Glasgow, and elsewhere in Scotland, and in London (through the county council), Newcastle and other English towns, the corporations have laid down greens in public parks and open spaces.
Owing to the proximity of the capital this group is comparatively subject to the Turkish power, and pays a small annual tribute; the chiefs, who assess and collect the tribute, form a kind of administrative council; the confederation has also an official representative council at Scutari, called the Jibal, under the presidency of a Serkarde or Moslem official.
It was decided to send a deputation of bishops with a letter of greeting to the national council of the Russian Church about to be assembled (60) and certain conditions were laid down for intercommunion with certain of the Churches of the Orthodox Eastern Communion (62) and the "ancient separated Churches of the East" (63-65).
The synod is a provincial council which consists of the ministers and representative elders from all the congregations within a specified number of presbyteries, in the same way as the presbytery is representative of a specified number of congregations.
In the national capital and territories it is supervised by a national council of education with the assistance of local school boards; in the 14 provinces it is under provincial control.
The chief of staff of the army is also a member of the council.
He is assisted and advised by the superior council of public instruction, over which he presides.
Each commune is in theory obliged to maintain at least one public primary school, but with the approval of the niinister, the departmental council may authorize a commune to combine with other communes in the upkeep of a school.
If the number of inhabitants exceed 500, the commune must also provide a special school for girls, unless the Departmental Council authorizes it to substitute a mixed school.
Primary courses for adults are instituted by the prefect on the recommendation of the municipal council and academy inspector.
Persons keeping private primary schools are free with regard to their methods, programmes and books employed, except that they may not use books expressly prohibited by the superior council of public instruction.
A lyce is founded in a town by decree of the president of the republic, with the advice of the superior council of public instruction.
The hospices and hpitaux and Guadeloupe the bureaux de bienfaisance, the founda- Martinique tion of which is optional for the commune, St Pierre and Miquel are managed by committees consisting of the mayor of the municipality and six Total in Am members, two elected by the municipal council and four nominated by the prefect.
The colonial minister is assisted by a number of organizations of which the most important is the superior council of the colonies (created by decree in 1883), an advisory body which inclUdes the senators and deputies elected by the colonies, and delegates elected by the universal suffrage of all citizens in the colonies and protectorates which do not return members to parliament.
The governor is aided by a privy council, an advisory body to which the governor nominates a minority of unofficial members, and a council general, to which is confided the control of local affairs, including the voting of the budget.
In the second class of colonies the governor, sometimes assisted by a privy council, on which non-official members find seats, sometimes simply by a council of administration, is responsible only to the minister of the colonies.
There is a superior council for the whole of Indo-China on which the natives and the European commercial community are represented, while in Cochin-China a privy council, and in the protectorates a council of the protectorate, assists in the work of administration.
Local laws, subject to approval by the legislative council of Fiji, are promulgated by a regulation board, composed of the commissioner, native chiefs of the seven districts into which the island is divided, and two native magistrates.
On the 10th of June 1688 she was present at the birth of the prince of Wales and gave evidence before the council in favour of the genuineness of the child.
Menaced, however, by Louis' brother-in-law, Otto the Great, and excommunicated by the council of Ingelheim (948), the powerful vassal was forced to make submission and to restore Laon to his sovereign.
The appeal is to the king in council, and is heard by the judicial committee of the privy council.
The affairs of a tribe were ruled by a council of men past middle age.
In 1642 Abel Janszoon Tasman sailed on a voyage of discovery from Batavia, the headquarters of the governor and council of the Dutch East Indies, under whose auspices the expedition was undertaken.
In the report of the committee of the legislative council appointed in 18 2 to prepare a constitution Federa- PP 5 P P tlon.
The council had also a fatal defect in its constitution.
The last occasion of its being called together was in 1899, when the council met in Melbourne.
The ministers are members of the executive council.
Special provisions were made respecting appeals from the High Court to the sovereign in council.
Saxe-Meiningen has one vote in the German federal council (Bundesrat) and sends two members to the Reichstag.
In 1843 he was nominated by Sir George Gipps, the governor, to a seat in the New South Wales Legislative Council; owing to a difference with Gipps he resigned his seat, but was elected shortly afterwards for Sydney.
His course was disapproved; he was recalled and brought before the council of state, which blamed his conduct without giving him a chance to justify himself.
The first was the appointment of a grand council with supreme judicial and financial functions P 7 ?
Margaret was assisted by a permanent council of regency, and there was a special minister charged with the administration of the finances, sometimes under the name of superintendent of the finances, sometimes under the title of treasurer-general and controller-general.
At the time of her accession to office Charles changed the form of administration by the creation of three separate councils, those of State, of Finance, and the Privy Council.
The regent was president of the council of state, of which the knights of the Golden Fleece were members.
The Council of Trent had recently brought its long labours to a close (December 4, 1563), and Philip resolved to enforce its decrees throughout his dominions.
The signatories drew up a petition, known as the " Request," which was presented by the confederates to the regent (April 5, 1566) in the council chamber at Brussels.
At their instance, and carrying with them instructions from the regent and the council, the marquis of Berghen and Hoorn's brother (the lord of Montigny) were persuaded to go to Spain and lay before Philip the serious character of the crisis.
They were pronounced by the Council of Blood to be guilty of high treason (June 2, 1568).
All this time the brutal work of the Blood Council went on, as did the exodus of thousands upon thousands of industrious and well-to-do citizens, and with each year the detestation felt for Alva and his rule steadily increased.
Council moving fast.
A swarm of commissioners ransacked the provinces in search of delinquents, and the council sat daily for hours, condemning the accused, almost without a hearing, in batches together.
The overtures were favourably received, the council at Brussels was forcibly dissolved, and a congress met at Ghent on the 10th of October to consider what measures must be taken for the pacification of the country.
After many delays he reached Luxemburg on the 4th of November (the date of the Spanish Fury at Antwerp) and notified his arrival to the council of state.
The principal fortresses of the country were in the hands of Spanish garrisons, who refused obedience to the council.
The Turkestan Committee elects a small council, forming a kind of cabinet and having control of the different branches of the administration.
Here he called a council which condemned Anacletus.
The Lateran council of 1139 restored peace to the Church, excommunicating Roger of Sicily, against whom Innocent undertook an expedition which proved unsuccessful.
Propositions to establish the judiciary on a more permanent tenure were also voted down in 1814, 1822, 1857 and 1870, and the state still elects its judges for two years' terms. On its own suggestion, the council of censors was abolished in 1870 and the present method of amending the constitution was adopted.
The territory in which these settlements had been made was involved in the boundary dispute between Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which was settled in 1741 by a decision of the king in council favourable to New Hampshire (q.v.).
A privy council decree recognizing the claims of New York was issued on the 10th of July 1764, and the settlers were soon afterwards ordered to surrender their patents and repurchase the land from the proper authorities at Albany.
When these became law, he neglected to enforce them, and on the 1 st of September 1549 he was required by the council to maintain at St Paul's Cross that the royal authority was as great as if the king were forty years of age.
The fall of Somerset in the following month raised Bonner's hopes, and he appealed from Cranmer to the council.
After a struggle the Protestant faction gained the upper hand, and on the 7th of February 1550 Bonner's deprivation was confirmed by the council sitting in the Star Chamber, and he was further condemned to perpetual imprisonment.
Fain was a member of the council of state and deputy from Montargis from 1834 until his death, which occurred in Paris on the 16th of September 1837.
The same year he was named one of the justices of the peace for his borough; and on the grant of a new charter showed great zeal in defending the rights of the commoners, and succeeded in procuring an alteration in the charter in their favour, exhibiting much warmth of temper during the dispute and being committed to custody by the privy council for angry words spoken against the mayor, for which he afterwards apologized.
There appears to be no foundation for the statement that he was stopped by an order of council when on the point of abandoning England for America, though there can be little doubt that the thoughts of emigration suggested themselves to his mind at this period.
Cromwell soon restored order, and the representative council, including privates as well as officers chosen to negotiate with the parliament, was subordinated to the council of war.
Large steps were made towards the union of the two kingdoms by the representation of Scotland in the parliament at Westminster; free trade between the two countries was established, the administration of justice greatly improved, vassalage and heritable jurisdictions abolished, and security and good order maintained by the council of nine appointed by the Protector.
In the afternoon he dissolved the council in spite of John Bradshaw's remonstrances, who said, "Sir, we have heard what you did at the House this morning ...; but you are mistaken to think that the parliament is dissolved, for no power under heaven can dissolve them but themselves; therefore take you notice of that."
This was the "Little" or "Barebones Parliament," consisting of one hundred and forty persons selected by the council of officers from among those nominated by the congregations in each county, which met on the 4th of July 1653.
The Protector and the council together were given a life tenure of office, with a large army and a settled revenue sufficient for public needs in time of peace; while the clauses relating to religion "are remarkable as laying down for the first time with authority a principle of toleration," 2 though this toleration did not apply to Roman Catholics and Anglicans.
He was out-voted by his council on the question of commutation of tithes, and his enlightened zeal for reforming the "wicked and abominable" sentences of the criminal law met with complete failure.
Cromwell's government seemed now established on the firmer footing of law and national approval, he himself obtaining the powers though not the title of a constitutional monarch, with a permanent revenue of £1,300,000 for the ordinary expenses of the administration, the command of the forces, the right to nominate his successor and, subject to the approval of parliament, the members of the council and of the new second chamber now established, while at the same time the freedom of parliament was guaranteed in its elections.
Following the same policy he sent Aristaces in 325 to the council of Nice.
The date of his death is uncertain, but it must have been at least six or seven years later than the council of Chalcedon (451).
Besides this work Theodoret has also left us a church history in five books, from 324 to 429, which was published shortly before the council of Chalcedon.
This history begins at the time of the council of Clermont, deals with the fortunes of the first crusade and the earlier history of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and ends somewhat abruptly in 11 21.
Government, eec. - The colony is administered by a governor who is advised by a nominated council of unofficial members.
The doctrine of transubstantiation was defined by the Lateran Council in 1215, and shortly afterwards the elevation and adoration of the Host were formally enjoined.
Urban's bull was once more promulgated, at the council of Vienne in 1311, by 1 The pope's decision, so the story goes, was hastened by a miracle.
The plot was, however, discovered; and Bedmar, protected by his position from arrest, left Venice and went to Flanders as president of the council.
The Post Office co-operated with the London County Council to put difficulties in the way of the company which had placed wires underground in London with the consent of the local road authorities.
In February the Postmaster-General applied for an injunction to restrain the company from opening any street or public road within the county of London without the consent of the Postmaster - General and the London County Council, which injunction was granted in July.
The Association of Municipal Corporations and the London County Council, on the other hand, considered the terms of purchase to be too favourable to the company.
The London County Council, according to the statement of its comptroller, was disturbed by the hope expressed by the manager of the company, that the holders of the company's ordinary shares would obtain the par value of their shares in 1911.
Inasmuch as the debenture stocks and preference shares would have to be redeemed in 1911 at premiums ranging from 3 to 5 per cent., the state would have to pay the company £253,000 in excess of the total of the outstanding securities in order to enable the ordinary shares to receive par, and in the council's view this payment would diminish the p robability of the Post Office being able to afford a substantial reduction in the telephone charges.
In 1274 the council of Lyons imposed a tax of a tenth part of all church revenues during the six following years for the relief of the Holy Land.
The provincial council elects a provincial commission and the communal council a municipal council from among its own members; these smaller bodies carry on the business of the larger while they are not sitting.
The syndic of each commune is elected by ballot by the communal council from among its own members.
There is a council of state with advisory functions, which can also decide certain questions of administration, especially applications from local authorities and conflicts between ministries, and a court of accounts, which has the right of examining all details of state expenditure.
The syndics (or mayors) are now elected by a secret ballot of the communal council, though they are still government officials.
Each provincial administrative junta is composed, in part, of government nominees, and in larger part of elective elements, elected by the provincial council for four years, half of whom require to be elected every two years.
Both communal councils and prefects may appeal to the government against the decision of the provincial administrative juntas, the government being guided by the opinion of the Council of State.
The provincial council only meets once a year in ordinary session.
In addition to this privy council, we find a gran consiglio, consisting of the burghers who had established the right to interfere immediately in public affairs, and a still larger assembly called parlamenlo, which included the whole adult population.
It will be perceived that the type was rather oligarchical than strictly democratic. Between the parlamento and the consuls with their privy council, or credenza, was interposed the gran consiglio of privileged burghers.
The thirteen districts in their council nominated four caporioni, who acted in concert with a senator, appointed, like the podest of other cities, for supreme judicial functions.
He therefore made alliance with Venice and Genoa, fulminated a new excommunication against Frederick, and convoked a council at Rome to ratify his ban in 1241.
The Genoese undertook to bring the French bishops to this council.
Forced to fly to France, he there, at Lyons, in 1245, convened a council, which enforced his condemnation of the emperor.
In addition to the parliament and the councils which have been already enumerated, we now find a council of the party New con- established within the city.
In 1032 be was obliged to act in concert with a senate, called pregadi; and in 1172 the grand council, which became the real sovereign of the state, was formed.
The several steps whereby the members of the grand council succeeded in eliminating the people from a share in the government, and reducing the doge to the position of their ornamental representative, cannot here be described.
This ratification of the oligarchical principle, together with the establishment in 1311 of the Council of Ten, completed that famous constitution which endured till the extinction of the republic in 1797.
In 1545 a council was opened at Trent for the reformation of church discipline and the promulgation of orthodox doctrine.
Equally extensive, but less important in the political sphere, were the Papal States and Veneti, the former torpid under the obscurantist rule of pope and cardinals, the latter enervated by luxury and the policy of unmanly complaisance long pursued by doge and council.
The hard but salutary training which they had undergone at his hands had taught them that they were the equals of the northern races both in the council chamber and on the field of battle.
In Parma, on the other hand, there was very little oppression, the French codes were retained, and the council of state was consulted on all legislative matters.
In April Pius created a Consulta, or consultative assembly, and soon afterwards a council of ministers and a municipality for Rome.
The royal commissioner for finance, Giacomelli, had, as a precautionary measure, seized the pontifical treasury; but upon being informed by Cardinal Antonelli that among the funds deposited in the treasury were 1,000,000 crowns of Peters Pence offered by the faithful to the pope in person, the commissioner was authorized by the Italian council of state not only to restore this sum, but also to indemnify the Holy See for moneys expended for the service of the October coupon of the pontifical debt, that debt having been taken over by the Italian state.
Articles 6 and 7 forbade access of any Italian official or agent to the above-mentioned palaces or to any eventual conclave or oecumenical council without special authorization from the pope, conclave Or council.
Within four months the death of Depretis (29th July 1887) opened for Crispi the way to the premiership. Besides assuming the presidency of the council of ministers and retaining the ministry of the interior, Crispi took over the portfolio of foreign affairs which Depretis had held since the resignation of Count di Robilant.
Baratieri, anxious probably to obtain some success before the arrival of Baldissera, and alarmed by the rapid diminution of his stores, which precluded further immobility, called a council of war (29th of February) and obtained the approval of the divisional commanders for a plan of attack.
In practice, however, when the council has suppressed religious instruction no such facilities are given.
He obtained a seat in parliament; and in spite of Danby's endeavour to seize his papers by an order in council, on the 10th of December 1678 caused two of the incriminating letters written by Danby to him to be read aloud to the House of Commons by the Speaker.
He had not taken steps to publish this, but by some unknown channel a copy reached the council, and it could not be ignored.
It is administered by an elective municipal council with a civil service administrator as mayor.
He was also made a member of the Irish privy council and vice-chancellor of the university of Dublin.
When the request was refused, and Venice was placed under Austria, he removed to Milan, where he was made member of the great council.
It has a chamber of commerce, the president of which has a seat on the superior council of Indo-China; a chamber of the court of appeal of Indo-China, a civil tribunal of the first order, and is the seat of the chamber of agriculture of Tongking.
The corporation was replaced by two constables chosen annually in the court leet of the manor until 1894, when an urban district council was appointed.
He is assisted by a council of ministers representing the departments of the interior, foreign affairs, finance, war and marine, industry, labour and instruction and public works.
The Western bishops who remained confirmed the previous decisions of the Roman synod; and by its 3rd, 4th and 5th decrees relating to the rights of revision, the council of Sardica endeavoured to settle the procedure of ecclesiastical appeals.
Indianapolis is governed under a form of government adopted originally in a special charter of 1891 and in 1905 incorporated in the new state municipal code, which was based upon it, It provides for a mayor elected every four years, a single legislative chamber, a common council, and various administrative departments - of public safety, public health, &c. The guiding principle of the charter, which is generally accepted as a model of its kind, is that of the complete separation of powers and the absolute placing of responsibility.
All of them together really go to make up the "Shutting of the Great Council," a name which is formally given to the act of the first of those years.
In 1172 the Great Council began as an elective body; it gradually ousted the popular assembly from all practical power.
The series of revolutions already spoken of first made descent from former councillors a necessary qualification for election to the council; then election was abolished, and the council consisted of all descendants of its existing members who had reached the age of twenty-five.
Some of the great families which were already looked on as noble were not represented in the council at the time of the shutting; of others some branches were represented and others not.
And in the Great Council itself we have the lively image of the aristocratic popular assembly of Rome, the assembly of the populus, that of the curiae, where every man of patrician birth had his place.
The Great Council of Venice was anything but a primitive institution; it was the artificial institution of a late age, which grew at the expense of earlier institutions, of the prince on the one side and of the people on the other.
The Great Council of Venice, the curiae of Rome, were each of them the assembly of a privileged class, an assembly in which every member of that class had a right to a place, an assembly which might be called popular as far as the privileged class was concerned, though rigidly oligarchic as regarded the excluded classes.
If the later nobilitas of Rome had established an assembly in which every one who had the jus imaginum had a vote and none other, that would have been a real parallel to the shutting of the Venetian Great Council; for it would have come about through the working of causes which are essentially the same.
But at Venice neither prince nor people could open the door of the Great Council; only the Great Council itself could do that.
A council is mentioned, in which a letter was read, expounding the opinion of the Eutychians for the first time.
Under Napoleon he became a member of the council of state, and from 1812 to 1814 he governed Catalonia under the title of intendant-general, being charged to win over the Catalonians to King Joseph Bonaparte.
In 1417, however, the Spanish Dominican St Vincent Ferrer pleaded the cause of the flagellants with great warmth at the council of Constance, and elicited a severe reply from John Gerson 29 ` ' '?
His chief public activity at Oxford was in connexion with the hebdomadal council, and with the Clarendon Press, of which he was for many years secretary.
In England the second military member of the Army Council is styled adjutant-general to the forces.
He at once summoned the fourteenth general council of the Catholic Church, which met at Lyons in 1274, with an attendance of some 1600 prelates, for the purpose of considering the eastern schism, the condition of the Holy Land, and the abuses in the church.
The Greeks were persuaded, thanks to St Bonaventura, to consent to a union with Rome for the time being, and Rudolph of Habsburg renounced at the council all imperial rights in the States of the Church.
The number of the council was formerly not fixed, and there are still honorary councillors who have no right to sit.
The judicial and administrative work of the old council was in 1906 assigned to separate committees.
By the law of the 20th of February 1906 the Council of the Empire was associated with the Duma as a legislative Upper House; and from this time the legislative power has been exercised normally by the emperor only in concert with the two chambers.
The Council of the Empire, or Imperial Council (Gosudarstvenniy Sovyet), as reconstituted for this purpose, consists of 196 members, of whom 98 are nominated by the emperor, The while 98 are elective.
As a legislative body the powers of the Council are co-ordinate with those of the Duma; in practice, however, it has seldom if ever initiated legislation.6 The Duma of the Empire or Imperial Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), which forms the Lower House of the Russian parliament, consists (since the ukaz of the znd of June 1907) on the 27th of April 1906, while the name and princi p le of autocracy was jealously preserved, the word " unlimited " vanished.
If by a two-thirds majority the action of a minister be arraigned, the president of the Imperial Council lays the case before the emperor, who decides.
By the law of the 18th of October (November i) 1905, to assist the emperor in the supreme administration a Council of Ministers (Sovyet Ministrov) was created, under a ministerresident the first a earance of a rime P, PP P minister in Russia.
This council consists of all the ministers and of the heads of the principal administrations.
The Don province is under the direct jurisdiction of the ministry of war; the rest have each a governor and deputy-governor, the latter presiding over the administrative council.
The principal ecclesiastical authority is the Holy Synod, the head of which, the Procurator, is one of the council of ministers and exercises very wide powers in ecclesiastical matters.
He determined also to introduce into the Church many desirable reforms. His project was approved by an ecclesiastical council and was supported by the tsar, but it met with violent opposition from a large section of the clergy, and it alarmed the ignorant masses, who regarded any alterations in the ritual, however insignificant they might be, as heretical and very dangerous to salvation.
The large Adminis- territorial units of administration created by Peter the trative Great were broken up into so-called " governments " reforms. (gubernii) and further subdivided into districts (uyezdy), and each government was confided to the care of a governor and a vice-governor assisted by a council.
Many believed that the end of autocracy had come, and an extemporized Council of Labour Deputies, anxious to play the part of a Comite de Salut Public, was ready to take over the supreme power and exercise it in the interests of the proletariat.
Of Speranski's plan only the establishment of the Imperial Council (January 1st, 1810) was realized in his lifetime.
In January 1881 Count Loris-Melikov, minister of the interior, proposed to convene a " general commission " to examine legislative proposals before these were laid before the Imperial Council; this commission was to consist of members elected by the zemstvos and the larger towns, and others nominated in the provinces having no zemstvos.
When, however, on the 6th of August, the new law was promulgated, it was found that the " Imperial Duma " 5 was to be no more than a consultative body, charged with the examination of legislative proposals before these came before the Imperial Council, the duty and right of passing them into law being still reserved for the autocrat alone.
The address in reply to the speech from the throne, voted after a debate in which abstract theories had triumphed over common sense, demanded universal suffrage, the establishment of pure parliamentary government, the abolition of capital punishment, the expropriation of the landlords, a political amnesty, and the suppression of the Imperial Council.
He also became president of the Norwich and District Trades and Labour Council.
His necessities had all along enabled the Commons to extort concessions in parliament, until in 1406 he was forced to nominate a council and govern by its advice.
For two years the real government rested with the prince and the council.
It should be mentioned that the act provided that the Treasury might advance a portion of the money required for a line in cases where the council of any county, borough or district had agreed to do the same, and might also make a special advance in aid of a light railway which was certified by the Board of Agriculture to be beneficial to agriculture in any cultivated district, or by the Board of Trade to furnish a means of communication between a fishing-harbour and a market in a district where it would not be constructed without special assistance from the s' ate.
The position of stations and stopping-places is regulated by the council of the department.
This treaty, made possible by concessions on either side, settled the investiture controversy, and was confirmed by the Lateran council of March 1123.
For, although the council of Trent recognized fully the distinction which has been mentioned above between the Eucharist and the sacrifice of the mass, and treated of them in separate sessions (the former in Session xiii., the latter in Session xxii.), it continued the medieval theory of the nature of the latter.
He was soon promoted to be one of Edward VI.'s chaplains and prebendary of Westminster, and in October 1552 was one of the six divines to whom the Forty-two articles were submitted for examination before being sanctioned by the Privy Council.
As it was, although Parker said that Grindal "was not resolute and severe enough for the government of London," his attempts to enforce the use of the surplice evoked angry protests, especially in 1565, when considerable numbers of the nonconformists were suspended; and Grindal of his own motion denounced Cartwright to the Council in 1570.
Only a few years later, however, the council of Laodicea forbade the holding of agapes in churches.
The 42nd canon of the council of Carthage under Aurelius likewise forbade them, but these were only local councils.
The 41st canon of the council of Carthage enacted that the sacraments of the altar should be received fasting, except on the anniversary of the Lord's supper.
There is an imperial governor, having under him a native high chief assisted by a native council; and there are both German and native judges and magistrates.
In his episcopal capacity he attended several diets of the empire, as well as the opening meetings of the council of Trent; and the influence of his father, now chancellor, led to his being entrusted with many difficult and delicate pieces of public business, in the execution of which he developed a rare talent for diplomacy, and at the same time acquired an intimate acquaintance with most of the currents of European politics.
Pilgrim Hall, a large stone building erected by the Pilgrim Society (formed in Plymouth in 1820 as the successor of the Old Colony Club, founded in 1769) in 1824 and remodelled in 1880, is rich in relics of the Pilgrims and of early colonial times, and contains a portrait of Edward Winslow (the only extant portrait of a "Mayflower" passenger), and others of later worthies, and paintings, illustrating the history of the Pilgrims; the hall library contains many old and valuable books and manuscripts - including Governor Bradford's Bible, a copy of Eliot's Indian Bible, and the patent of 1621 from the Council for New England - and Captain Myles Standish's sword.
In 1686 the colony submitted to Sir Edmund Andros, who had been commissioned governor of all New England, and chose representatives to sit in his council.
He was made president of the council in February 1660, and in the Convention Parliament sat for Carmarthen borough.
He became president of a consumers' food council in Dec. 1917, so that the office might keep in regular touch with the needs of the public. When Lord Rhondda died, in June 1918, he succeeded him to the general satisfaction.
But a year later he acquiesced in the establishment of a Labour council of action, and in the threat of a general strike in case of any military or naval intervention against the Soviet Government of Russia.
But jealousy between the kinsmen was complicated by differences between Owen Roe and the Catholic council which met at Kilkenny in October 1642.
Owen Roe professed to be acting in the interest of Charles I.; but his real aim was the complete independence of Ireland, while the AngloNorman Catholics represented by the council desired to secure religious liberty and an Irish constitution under the crown of England.
He was forced to acquiesce in the first partition of Poland, and when Russia came off third best, Gregory Orlov declared in the council that the minister who had signed such a partition treaty was worthy of death.
In 58 431844 he was president of the council of ministers, and he subsequently held the post of ambassador at Constantinople from 1850 to 1854.
Queen Mary held a council in it in 1562.
The Church, it is true, in council after council, passed decisions unfriendly to the Jews.
From the synod at Elvira in the 4th century this process began, and it was continued in the West-Gothic Church legislation, in the Lateran councils (especially the fourth in 1215), and in the council of Trent (1563).
In Sweden the Jews have all the rights which are open to non-Lutherans; they cannot become members of the council of state.
A triennial parliament, a cabinet, a privy council, and an elaborate judicial system were established, and the cumbrous machinery was placed in the hands of a " prime minister," a retired Wesleyan missionary, Mr Shirley Baker.
He was condemned to death (1852) in contumaciam by a council of war.
The high commissioner is irresponsible, but his decrees, except in certain specified cases, must be countersigned by a member of his council.
The island is divided into 86 communes, each with a mayor, an assistantmayor, and a communal council elected by the people.
They are appointed, promoted, transferred or removed by order of the council of justice, a body composed of the five highest judicial dignitaries, sitting at Canea.
A remarkable feature of this quarter is a small council chamber with a gypsum throne of curiously Gothic aspect and lower stone benches round.
This diversity of usage was ended, so far as the kingdom of Northumbria was concerned, by the council of Streaneshalch, or Whitby, in 654.
After a while he took a leading part in local affairs, and was for some years a member of the Newcastle city council, and Darlington borough council.
There he continued the struggle for his side in a humorous work, in which the partisans of the council are amusingly taken to task by the demon Leviathan.
At the ecclesiastical council which took place at Paris in 1406 Pierre d'Ailly made every effort to avert a new withdrawal from the obedience and, by order of the king, took the part of defender of Benedict XIII., a course which yet again exposed him to attacks from the university party.
It was not till after the cardinals of the two colleges had led to the convocation of the general council of Pisa that Pierre d'Ailly renounced the support of Benedict XIII., and, for want of a better policy, again allied himself with the cause which he had championed in his youth.
In the council lay now, to judge from his words, the only chance of salvation; and, in view of the requirements of the case, he began to argue that, in case of schism, a council could be convoked by any one of the faithful, and would have the right to judge and even to depose the rival pontiffs.
This was, in fact, the procedure of the council of Pisa, in which Pierre d'Ailly took part.
Convinced as he was of the necessity for union and reform, he contributed more than any one to the adoption of the principle that, since the schism had survived the council of Pisa, it was necessary again to take up the work for a fundamental union, without considering the rights of John XXIII.
The reading in public of his two treatises De Potestate ecclesiastica and De Reformatione Ecclesiae revealed, besides ideas very peculiar to himself on the reform and constitution of the church, his design of reducing the power of the English in the council by denying them the right of.
When at last the question arose of giving the Christian world a new pope, this time sole and uncontested, Pierre d'Ailly defended the right of the cardinals, if not to keep the election entirely in their own hands, at any rate to share in the election, and he brought forward an ingenious system for reconciling the pretensions of the council with the rights of the Sacred College.
Already as chairman of the food section of the Council of National Defense he had begun to marshal all the agencies for economizing, especially on those foods which the Allies needed.
Throughout he kept up his work of relief, and at the beginning of 1921 was collecting funds as chairman of the European Relief Council, for the starving children of central Europe.
Soon after 1509 he was appointed a member of 'the royal council and chaplain to Henry VIII.
His power is limited by a council of state, a relic of colonial days.
Extra sessions, called by the governor on the advice of the council of state, are limited to twenty days, but may be extended under the same limitations in regard to compensation.
So complete became the breach between them that in 1773 the royal government had nearly ceased to operate, and in 1774 the governor was deserted by his hitherto subservient council.
Their labours ended, however, in another provincial government by a Council of Safety, and the drafting of North Carolina's first state constitution was left to a constitutional convention which assembled at Halifax on the 12th of November.
Either Everard held over or the president of the council was acting-governor from 1729-1731.
He was indeed taken in June 1673 while holding a conventicle at Knockdow, and condemned by the privy council to 4 years and 3 months' imprisonment on the Bass Rock and a further 15 months in the Tolbooth at Edinburgh.
Returning home he was created a peer of the United Kingdom as Viscount Gordon of Aberdeen (1814), and made a member of the privy council.
For full titles see COUNCIL.
He became a member of the municipal council of Paris in 1882, and vice-president in 1888-1889.
Lysander as ephor proposed on behalf of Agis that all debts sbould be cancelled and that Laconia should be divided into 19,500 lots, of which 4500 should be given to Spartiates, whose number was to be recruited from the best of the perioeci and foreigners, and the remaining 15,000 to perioeci who could bear arms. The Agiad king Leonidas having prevailed on the council to reject this measure, though by a majority of only one, was deposed in favour of his son-in-law Cleombrotus, who assisted Agis in bearing down opposition by the threat of force.
In that year he was made an adjutant-general, lieutenant-colonel of the Preobrazhensky Guards, a member of the council of state, and, in the words of a foreign contemporary diplomatist, "the most influential personage in Russia."
By the bill for the incorporation of Alsace and German Lorraine, introduced into the German parliament in May 1871, it was provided that the sole and supreme control of the two provinces should be vested in the German emperor and the federal council until the 1st of January 1874, when the constitution of the German empire was established.
The clergy having thus another authority, and one moreover more canonical, to appeal to, the power of the archdeacons gradually declined; and, so far as the Roman Catholic Church is concerned, it received its death-blow from the council of Trent (1564), which withdrew all matrimonial and criminal causes from the competence of the archdeacons, forbade them to pronounce excommunications, and allowed them only to hold visitations in connexion with those of the bishop and with his consent.
As pope, he concluded a treaty with his rival at Marseilles, by which a general council was to be held at Savona in September, 1408, but King Ladislaus of Naples, who opposed the plan from policy, seized Rome and brought the negotiations to nought.
The pope then took refuge with Carlo Malatesta, lord of Rimini, through whom he presented his resignation to the council of Constance on the 4th of July 1415.
The city council is composed of a common council (five members from each ward, elected for two years) and of a board of aldermen (three members from each ward to be elected for four years).
The city council appoints an attorney for the corporation, a city engineer, a city clerk, a police justice, a board of fire commissioners and a board of police commissioners, one from each ward, who have control of the fire and police departments, respectively, and a number of other officers.