Chromium Sentence Examples

Chromium has been discovered in Tasmania also.

Among the minerals are silver, platinum, copper, iron, lead, manganese, chromium, quicksilver, bismuth, arsenic and antimony, of which only iron and manganese have been regularly mined.

Uranium is chemically related to chromium, molybdenum and tungsten.

Sodium and potassium hydroxide solutions precipitate green chromium hydroxide from solutions of chromic salts; the precipitate is soluble in excess of the cold alkali, but is completely thrown down on boiling the solution.

Moissan (Comptes rendus, 1893, 116, p. 349; 1894, 119, p. 185) reduces the sesquioxide with carbon, in an electric furnace; the product so obtained (which contains carbon) is then strongly heated with lime, whereby most of the carbon is removed as calcium carbide, and the remainder by heating the purified product in a crucible lined with the double oxide of calcium and chromium.

Thechromites maybe looked upon as salts of chromium sesquioxide with other basic oxides, the most important being chromite (q.v.).

Oxyhalogen derivatives of chromium are known, the oxychloride, CrO 2 C1 21 resulting on heating potassium bichromate and common salt with concentrated sulphuric acid.

By the action of concentrated sulphuric acid it is transformed into chromium ammonium sulphate.

Chromium salts readily combine with ammonia to form complex salts in which the ammonia molecule is in direct combination with the chromium atom.

P. Pfeiffer (Berichte, 1904, 37, p. 4 2 55) has shown that chromium salts of the type [Cr{C2H4(NH2)2}2X2]X exist in two stereo-isomeric forms, namely, the cisand transforms, the dithiocyan-diethylenediamine-chromium salts being the transsalts.

These exhibit, in certain cases, marked crystallographical and other analogies with the corresponding salts of chromium and ferric iron.

For instance, following Krupp's formula, the side and barbette armour of war-vessels is now generally if not universally made of nickel steel containing about 3.25% of nickel, 0.40% of carbon, and 1.50% of chromium, deeply carburized on its impact face.

Chrome steel, which usually contains about 2% of chromium and o 80 to 2% of carbon, owes its value to combining, when in the " hardened " or suddenly cooled state, intense hardness with a high elastic limit, so that it is neither deformed permanently nor cracked by extremely violent shocks.

But the improvement may be due wholly to the considerable chromium content of these socalled vanadium steels.

Chrome-tungsten or High-speed Steel.-Steel with a large content of both chromium and tungsten has the very valuable property of " red-hardness," i.e.

This effect of chromium, tungsten and carbon jointly consists essentially in raising the " tempering temperature," i.e.

It unites with sulphuric acid giving an acid salt, T1HSO 4.3H 2 O, and with aluminium, chromium and iron sulphates to form an "alum."

They can be distinguished from the corresponding bromides and iodides by the fact that on distillation with a mixture of potassium bichromate and concentrated sulphuric acid they yield chromium oxychloride, whereas bromides and iodides by the same treatment give bromine and iodine respectively.

With potassium bichromate solution, which is yellow, the iron solution becomes green from the chromium chloride or sulphate formed, and the end of the reaction is determined by removing a drop of the solution on the stirring-rod and adding it to a drop of a dilute solution of potassium ferricyanide on a white tile.

Chromium trioxide dissolves readily in water, and the solution is supposed to contain chromic acid, H 2 CrO 4; the salts of this acid are known as the chromates.

In addition to these normal salts, others exist, namely bichromates, trichromates, &c., which may be regarded as combinations of one molecular proportion of the normal salt with one or more molecular proportions of chromium trioxide.

They may also be prepared by oxidizing chromium salts (in alkaline solution) with hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate and manganese dioxide.

They are easily reduced in acid solution by sulphuretted hydrogen, and also by sulphur dioxide to chromium salts.

When heated in a current of sulphuretted hydrogen, or carbon bisulphide, it yields a mixture of chromium sesquioxide and sulphide.

When heated with sulphur it yields chromium sesquioxide.

They are readily decomposed by heat, leaving a residue of the normal chromate and chromium sesquioxide, and liberating oxygen; ammonium bichromate, however, is completely decomposed into chromium sesquioxide, water and nitrogen.

Sulphuretted hydrogen and sulphur dioxide reduce them in acid solution to the condition of chromium salts.

Sodium bichromate, Na 2 Cr 2 0 7.2H 2 0, may be obtained by the addition of the requisite quantity of chromium trioxide to a solution of sodium chromate.

Among such substances are fireclay and firebricks, certain sandstones, silica in the form of ganister, and Dinas stone and bricks, ferric oxide and alumina, carbon (as coke and graphite), magnesia, lime and chromium oxide - their relative importance being indicated by their order, the last two or three indeed being only of limited use.

Oxide of chromium and chrome iron ore have been proposed as refractory crucible materials.

Composite coatings of electroless nickel containing silicon carbide exhibits superior abrasive wear resistance to hard chromium plate in some applications.

It was, therefore, decided to investigate the deposition of chromium carbide onto the tool in question.

It contains the essential mineral chromium to help regulate sugar cravings.

The foremost concern for persons with diabetes who use chromium is the development of kidney problems.

For example, leather gloves are required to have a chromium VI content less than the limit of detection.

Constant craving According to naturopathic doctor Joseph Mercola, some people find that chromium may also help control sugar and carbohydrate cravings.

No significant side effects were observed in people taking chromium.

Spray given off from vessels at which an electrolytic chromium process is carried on, except trivalent chromium.

To achieve this standards, small amounts of a reducing agent are added where necessary to control the quantity of soluble chromium.

Recommendations and guidelines are provided for dietary chromium in domestic animal species.

Is this because cast gold has a higher, or lower, modulus of elasticity compared to cobalt chromium?

With their high chromium concentration, they have excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, and to chloride stress corrosion.

The Toda flywheel is marketed as ' ultra light ' and is manufactured from chromium molybdenum steel for the highest quality.

The very good chromium plating cost an additional DM 342.

In this paper the oxygen K edges from a variety of chromium spinels and magnesium aluminate are presented.

Cooking or preparing foods using stainless steel utensils may add significant amounts of chromium to the diet.

For example, at first he represented ferrous and ferric oxides by the formulae Fe02, Fe03, and by the analogy of zinc and other basic oxides he regarded these substances as constituted similarly to Fe02, and the acidic oxides alumina and chromium oxide as similar to FeO 3.

Goldschmidt has prepared the metal from the oxide by means of his "thermite" process (see Chromium).

Hydrochloric acid and its metallic salts can be recognized by the formation of insoluble silver chloride, on adding silver nitrate to their nitric acid solution, and also by the formation of chromium oxychloride (see above).

In his researches, Roscoe showed that the atomic weight of the metal as determined by Berzelius and the formulae given to the oxides were incorrect, and pointed out that the element falls into its natural place in group V of the periodic classification along with phosphorus and arsenic, and not in the chromium group where it had originally been placed.

On the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid to a cold saturated solution of the salt, red crystals of chromium trioxide, Cr03, separate (see Chromium), whilst when warmed with concentrated hydrochloric acid and a little water, potassium chlorochromate is produced.

It has the lanterns, hubcaps and top of silver of chromium.

Metallic chromium has an oxidized surface and no soluble chromium is released.

Any metal that is ferrous (contains Iron) can rust, the exception being Stainless steel with a high chromium content.

Fig 2. Image of antiferromagnetic domains in chromium, obtained with submicron resolution using a novel X-ray microscope.

Chromium trioxide is acidic and dissolves in water to give the fairly strong acid, H 2 CrO 4 with p K a 0.74.

Unlike other trivalent chromium compounds, chromium picolinate is soluble in water at neutral pH.

Flatware is one of the most utilized items in the home, and most flatware is composed of durable stainless steel, an alloy composed of steel, chromium and nickel for rust-resistant and luster properties.

In some bodies of water, fish and other aquatic life is so badly poisoned that they are unsafe for human consumption, containing heavy metals like mercury, chromium, manganese, and lead, or chemical substances like PCBs and pesticides.

Rich in B vitamins and trace mineral like chromium, using nutritional yeast in cooking dates back as far as ancient Egypt.

Chromium is a trace element linked to blood sugar regulation.

Some research shows that proper intake of chromium helps the body regular blood sugar and insulin production more efficiently.

Chromium Picolinate supports a healthy metabolism to keep your weight at healthy levels.

Mirrored coatings are manufactured for polarized, mirrored aviator glasses out of highly reflective material called a "flash coating" that contains a certain percentage of reflective metal like chromium oxide or titanium dioxide.

As far as human nutrition is concerned, the inorganic nutrients include water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, sulfate, magnesium, iron, fluorine, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, iodine, selenium, and molybdenum.

Some heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, chromium, iron, and manganese, are required by the body in small amounts, but these same elements can be toxic in larger quantities.

There is some evidence that chromium, boron, and other inorganic elements play some part in human nutrition, but their role has not been proven.

Allergic responses to tattoos may occur due to the pigment compounds used, such as oxides of iron, mercury, chromium, cadmium, and cobalt and synthetic organic dyes.

However, minimum daily requirements for some minerals such as boron, chromium, and molybdenum, do not exist.

Chromium helps metabolize glucose and stabilize glucose levels.

Many Americans are deficient in dietary chromium, which can be associated with poor regulation of insulin and related imbalances in glucose (either diabetes or hypoglycemia).

In adults, chromium deficiency can be a sign of coronary artery disease.

Chromium is found in brown rice and other whole grains, cheeses, meats, dried beans, corn, eggs, mushrooms, and potatoes.

According to the tests done on the Zhu Zhu pet, the levels of the two metals chromium and antimony were elevated to the point of concern.

Though the Zhu Zhu pet does contain chromium and antimony on the nose of the pet, the testing method used by Good Guide differed from the Consumer Product Safety Commission Federal testing requirements.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission has not deemed the Zhu Zhu Pets as unsafe because the level of antimony and chromium were under the allowed limits.

Simply put, chromium works directly to sensitize your insulin receptors.

However, since this is an area that may require delicate calibration -- especially if you're on prescription meds -- you should always consult with your doctor before embarking on self-medication with chromium.

That makes supplements that have a direct impact on this area, such as chromium (often touted for weight-loss purposes) unsuitable for self-medication.

Chromium picolinate is an essential trace mineral, meaning that only small amounts are required for good health.

The wire is made out of nickel and chromium that is almost resistant to electricity.

The red hues formed from chromium and iron in the crystal structure are highly prized, however, particularly for ruby engagement rings.

Surgical stainless steel is an iron and carbon alloy with other metals such as chromium, nickel, and molybdenum added to the blend for better medical properties.

Chromium, for example, can range from 13 to 26 percent of the composition, and higher levels will resist corrosion and light damage such as scratches more effectively.

Chromium, cobalt, magnesium and other minerals heal inside your skin, giving you a permanent colorful mark.

Along with the secretin, a vitamin compound consisting of vitamins A, B-1, B-2, B-6, B-12, magnesium, zinc, chromium, calcium, and lecithin should be given.

For instance, chromium is a mineral with the ability to stabilize blood sugar levels and boost fat-burning metabolism for energy, but its use has not been proven to decrease actual body weight.

For example, one study found hexavalent chromium in a product which is the toxic and carcinogenic form of the mineral.

Additional nutrients necessary for optimum nutrition include chloride, potassium, sodium, chromium, copper, iodine, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.

Chromium Polynicotinate facilitates the metabolism of sugar, fat and cholesterol in the body, as well as the function of insulin.

In New South Wales chromium is found in the northern portion of the state, in the Clarence and Tamworth districts and also near Gundagai.

Molybdenum trioxide, like chromium trioxide, is an acidic oxide, and forms salts known as molybdates.

Most of these were simple records of patient and laborious analytical operations, and it is perhaps surprising that among all the substances he analysed he only detected two new elements - beryllium (1798) in beryl and chromium (1797) in a red lead ore from Siberia.

If phosphoric acid is absent, aluminium, chromium and ferric hydrates are precipitated.

If, however, phosphoric acid is present in the original substance,we may here obtain a precipitate of the phosphates of the remaining metals, together with aluminium, chromium and ferric hydrates.

The phosphates of aluminium, chromium and iron are precipitated, and the solution contains the same metals as if phosphoric acid had been absent.

To the filtrate from the aluminium, iron and chromium precipitate, ammonia and ammonium sulphide are added; the precipitate may contain nickel, cobalt, zinc and manganese sulphides.

The next group precipitate may contain the white gelatinous aluminium hydroxide, the greenish chromium hydroxide, reddish ferric hydroxide, and possibly zinc and manganese hydroxides.

Chromium and a number of other rare minerals are known to exist, but probably not in commercially available quantities.

Guillaume' the temperature at which the magnetic susceptibility of nickel-steel is recovered is lowered by the presence of chromium; a certain alloy containing chromium was not rendered magnetic even by immersion in liquid air.

Manganese, though belonging (with chromium) to the iron group of metals, is commonly classed as a paramagnetic, its susceptibility being very small in comparison with that of the recognized ferromagnetics; but it is remarkable that its atomic susceptibility in solutions of its salts is even greater than that of iron.

If this view is correct, it may also be possible to prepare magnetic alloys of chromium, the only other paramagnetic metals of the iron group.

The purple-blue of cobalt, the chrome green or yellow of chromium, the dichroic canarycolour of uranium and the violet of manganese, are constant.

Most metals form carbonates (aluminium and chromium are exceptions), the alkali metals yielding both acid and normal carbonates of the types Mhco 3 and M 2 CO 3 (M = one atom of a monovalent metal); whilst bismuth, copper and magnesium appear only to form basic carbonates.

The fact that energy is being used at so high a rate as Too H.P. on so small a charge of material sufficiently indicates that the furnace is only used for experimental work, or for the fusion of metals which, like tungsten or chromium, can only be melted at temperatures attainable by electrical means.

Chromium also, in comparatively small quantities, is taking its place as a constituent of steel axles and tires, and in the manufacture of tool-steel.

Thermit was discovered by Dr. Hans Goldschmidt of Essen, Germany, in 1895, while trying to reduce chromium and manganese.

The blue colour in sapphire has been variously referred to the presence of oxides of chromium, iron or titanium, whilst an organic origin has also been suggested.

Goldschmidt (Annalen, 1898, 301, p. 19) in which the oxide is reduced by metallic aluminium; and if care is taken to have excess of the sesquioxide of chromium present, the metal is obtained quite free from aluminium.

Chromium as prepared by the Goldschmidt process is in a passive condition as regards dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid at ordinary temperatures; but by heating the metal with the acid it passes into the active condition, the same effect being produced by heating the inactive form with a solution.

Ostwald (ibid., 1900, 35, pp. 33, 204) has observed that on dissolving chromium in dilute acids, the rate of solution as measured by the evolution of gas is not continuous but periodic. It is largely made as ferro-chrome, an alloy containing about 60-70% of chromium, by reducing chromite in the electric furnace or by aluminium.

Chromium and its salts may be detected by the fact that they give a deep green bead when heated with borax, or that on fusion with sodium carbonate and nitre, a yellow mass of an alkaline chromate is obtained, which, on solution in water and acidification with acetic acid, gives a bright yellow precipitate on the addition of soluble lead salts.

Chromic acid and its salts, the chromates and bichromates, can be detected by the violet coloration which they give on addition of hydrogen peroxide to their dilute acid solution, or by the fact that on distillation with concentrated sulphuric acid and an alkaline chloride, the red vapours of chromium oxychloride are produced.

Chromium in the form of its salts may be estimated quantitatively by precipitation from boiling solutions with a slight excess of ammonia, and boiling until the free ammonia is nearly all expelled.

Chromium forms three series of compounds, namely the chromous salts corresponding to CrO, chromous oxide, chromic salts, corresponding to Cr203, chromium sesquioxide, and the chromates corresponding to Cr0,, chromium trioxide or chromic anhydride.

Chromium sesquioxide is a basic oxide, although like alumina it acts as an acid-forming oxide towards strong bases, forming salts called chromites.

Various other oxides of chromium, intermediate in composition between the sesquioxide and trioxide, have been described, namely chromium dioxide, Cr203 Cr03, and the oxide Cr03.2Cr203.

The sesquioxide, Cr 2 0 3, occurs native, and can be artificially obtained in several different ways, e.g., by igniting the corresponding hydroxide, or chromium trioxide, or ammonium bichromate, or by passing the vapours of chromium oxychloride through a red-hot tube, or by ignition of mercurous chromate.

In the amorphous state it is a dull green, almost infusible powder, but as obtained from chromium oxychloride it is deposited in the form of dark green hexagonal crystals of specific gravity 5 2.

Chromium trioxide, Cr03, is obtained by adding concentrated sulphuric acid to a cold saturated solution of potassium bichromate, when it separates in long red needles; the mother liquor is drained off and the crystals are washed with concentrated nitric acid, the excess of which is removed by means of a current of dry air.

Werner, four hydrated chromium chlorides exist, namely the green and violet salts, CrC1 3.6H 2 O, a hydrate, CrC1 3.10H 2 O and one CrC1 3.4H 2 0.

Potassium chlorochromate, CrO 2 Cl OK, is produced when potassium bichromate is heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid and a little water, or from chromium oxychloride and saturated potassium chloride solution, when - it separates as a red crystalline salt.

Chromium ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2S04 Cr2(S04)3.24H20, results on mixing equivalent quantities of chromic sulphate and ammonium sulphate in aqueous solution and allowing the mixture to crystallize.

Cyanogen compounds of chromium, analogous to those of iron, have been prepared; thus potassium chromocyanide, K 4 Cr(CN) 6.2H 2 0, is formed from potassium cyanide and chromous acetate; on exposure to air it is converted into the chromicyanide, K 3 Cr(CN) 6, which can also be prepared by adding chromic acetate solution to boiling potassium cyanide solution.

They are silicates, usually orthosilicates, of aluminium together with alkalis (potassium, sodium, lithium, rarely rubidium and caesium), basic hydrogen, and, in some species magnesium, ferrous and ferric iron, rarely chromium, manganese and barium.

Chromic sulphide, Cr2S3, results on heating chromium and sulphur or on strongly heating the trioxide in a current of sulphuretted hydrogen; it forms a dark green crystalline powder, and on ignition gives the sesquioxide.