Chalk Sentence Examples

Let's chalk it up to an inactive spring.

Plicatulae have been found attached to these coprolites, showing that they were already hard bodies when lying at the bottom of the Chalk ocean.

On both these maps the hills are printed in grey chalk.

Should a bowl running jackwards touch the jack, however slightly, it is called a toucher and must be marked by the skip with a chalk cross as soon as it is at rest.

The telephone used was Edison's chalk cylinder or electromotograph type of telephone.

A cylinder of chalk was used in some of Edison's later experiments with this receiver.

Chalk should be applied in autumn, so that it may be split by the action of frost during the winter.

On the opposite side stood Dolokhov's Cossack, counting the prisoners and marking off each hundred with a chalk line on the gate.

We'll mark every corner, just as Martha did—not just stones but chalk, too.

And that other one with him, the Austrian, looked as if he were smeared with chalk--as white as flour!

And you, Theodore, get me a piece of chalk.

Lime is obtained from the Chalk and Greensand formations.

Marking the damp wall with chalk proved difficult, but they were satisfied the arrows were legible.

Petroleum and coal have been worked, and there is a rich yield of chalk, while a good quality of bricks is made from the xxii.

Chalk, from which blanc de Troyes is manufactured, and clay are abundant; and there are peat workings and quarries of building-stone and limestone.

The older formation of the Quaternary period is the Lafayette (also called "Orange-sand" or "stratified drift"), which immediately overlies all the Cretaceous groups except the prairies of the Selma chalk, and all the Tertiary except the Porters Creek and Vicksburg formations and parts of the Jackson.

The acid employed may be hydrochloric, which gives the best results, or sulphuric, which is used in Germany; sulphuric acid is more readily separated from the product than hydrochloric, since the addition of powdered chalk precipitates it as calcium sulphate, which may be removed by a filter press.

The manufacture of springs, valves and washers does not require any very special notice, these articles being generally fashioned out of mixed rubber, and vulcanized either in moulds or in powdered French chalk.

In the south-east, however, the Blackheath and Woolwich pebble-beds appear, with their belts of Thanet sands bordering the chalk.

A good bottom may be formed by chalk rammed down close.

An examination of the soil shows it to be composed of a vast number of small particles of sand, clay, chalk and humus, in which are generally imbedded larger or smaller stones.

Chalk consists, when quite pure, of calcium carbonate (CaC03), a white solid substance useful in small amounts as a plant foodmaterial, though in excess detrimental to growth.

The material which chemists call calcium carbonate is met with in a comparatively pure state in chalk.

Generally speaking the oxide or quicklime has a more rapid and greater effect in modifying the soil than slaked lime, and this again greater than the carbonate or chalk.

Granite and serpentine rocks predominate, but the shores of Amboyna Bay are of chalk, and contain stalactite caves.

It is an oldfashioned place on the skirts of Savernake Forest, lying in a valley of the chalk uplands known as Marlborough Downs, and traversed by the river Kennet.

A closer investigation of the numerous long, narrow banks which lie off the Flemish coast and the Thames estuary shows that they are composed of fragments of rock abraded and transported by tidal currents and storms in the same way that the chalk and limestone worn off from the eastern continuation of the island of Heligoland during the last two centuries has been reduced to the coarse gravel of the off-lying Dune.

There is even some hesitation in accepting the continuity of the chalk with the globigerina ooze of the modern ocean.

The actual coal measure strata, consisting mainly of shales and clays, are generally impervious to water, but when strata of a permeable character are sunk through, such as the magnesian limestone of the north of England, the Permian sandstones of the central counties, or the chalk and greensand in the north of France and Westphalia, special methods are required in order to pass the water-bearing beds, and to protect the shaft and workings from the influx of water subsequently.

It stands on a wooded upland, amid the chalk downs of Salisbury Plain.

Geologically the region is made up of Carboniferous limestones, clay slates and sandstones, containing anthracite and coal; of Cretaceous marls, chalk, sandstone and greensands - chalk cliffs, in fact, accompany the Don for 200 m.; and of Miocene limestones and clays.

In the Chalk of the south-east of England nodules of marcasite with a fibrous radiated structure are abundant, and in the Chalk Marl between Dover and Folkestone fine twinned groups of "spear pyrites" are common.

Phosphates occur in Belgium, especially near Mons, and these, like those of north-east France, are principally in the Upper Chalk.

Large and valuable deposits of the sand have been obtained in sinks and depressions on the surface of the chalk.

The Cambridge Greensand, rich in phosphatic nodules, occurs at the base of the Chalk Marl.

The chalk occasionally becomes phosphatized, as at Taplow (Bucks) and Lewes (Sussex).

Right back into British and even older times the main direction which commerce and travellers followed across southern and western England to the Straits of Dover and the Continent lay from Canterbury along the southern chalk slope of the North Downs to near Guildford, then by the Hog's Back to Farnham.

From Pegwell Bay south to a point near Deal the coast is flat, and the drained marshes or levels of the lower Stour extend to the west; but thence the coast rises again into chalk cliffs, the eastward termination of the North Downs, the famous white cliffs which form the nearest point of England to continental Europe, overlooking the Strait of Dover.

The plastic clay, which rests chiefly on chalk, occupies the remainder of the estuary of the Thames, but at several places it is broken through by outcrops of chalk, which in some instances run northwards to the banks of the river.

The Thanet beds resting on chalk form a narrow outcrop rising into cliffs at Pegwell Bay and Reculver, and consist (1) of a constant base bed of clayey greenish sand, seldom more than 5 ft.

The middle series of the Lower Tertiaries, known as the Woolwich and Reading beds, rests either on the Thanet beds or on chalk, and consists chiefly of irregular alternations of clay and sand of very various colours, the former often containing estuarine and oyster shells and the latter flint pebbles.

This is par excellence the chalk formation of the United States.

When pure chalk or limestone is "burned," i.e.

United States timber is marked with red chalk on the sides.

The underlying bedrock is chalk, with overlying river gravels.

The chalk bedrock was reached 196 feet from the surface.

The two resorts are different enough to make chalk and cheese seem almost indistinguishable.

Up ahead loom chalk hills blocking our path down to the sea.

I also work on portrait drawings in pencil, charcoal or chalk pastel.

Did you ever hear the terrible squeak of chalk on an old dry blackboard?

All you do is dab the chalk on the spot and brush off the extra dust.

Medical examiners labeled the clothing of ill immigrants with chalk.

Clean off most of the chalk using a traditional eraser.

Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, is of exceptionally wide distribution in both the mineral and animal kingdoms. It constitutes the bulk of the chalk deposits and limestone rocks; it forms over one-half of the mineral dolomite and the rock magnesium limestone; it occurs also as the dimorphous minerals aragonite (q.v.) and calcite (q.v.).

The commercial salt is known as salvolatile or salt of hartshorn and was formerly obtained by the dry distillation of nitrogenous organic matter such as hair, horn, decomposed urine, &c., but is now obtained by heating a mixture of sal-ammoniac, or ammonium sulphate and chalk, to redness in iron retorts, the vapours being condensed in leaden receivers.

The Senonian series is represented by the White Limestone, a hardened chalk with flints, which is often glauconitic and conglomeratic at the base.

Denudation in earliest Eocene times has produced flint gravels above the chalk, and an ancient stream deposit of chalk pebbles occurs at Ballycastle.

The dome of Knocklayd, capped by an outlier of chalk and basalt, consists mostly of this far more ancient series.

It also enters (as carbonates) into the composition of many minerals, such as chalk, dolomite, calcite, witherite, calamine and spathic iron ore.

It may be prepared by passing carbon dioxide over red-hot carbon, or red-hot iron; by heating carbonates (magnesite, chalk, &c.) with zinc dust or iron; or by heating many metallic oxides with carbon.

There are ancient rocks, however, in New Caledonia, which .has a geological affinity with New Zealand; old sedimentary rocks are known in New Pomerania, besides granite and porphyry, and slates, sandstone and chalk occur in Fiji, as well as young volcanic rocks.

They occur in the Lower Chalk formations, and in Tertiary times were widely diffused; the genus is represented in the Eocene flora of Great Britain, and in the succeeding Miocene period was widely distributed in Europe and western Asia.

The lastnamed is an arid and scantily populated chalk range,with numerous small summits, whence it is also known as the Thousand Hills.

In the eastern Gulf states there is more calcareous material, represented by limestone or chalk, In the Texan region and farther north the limestone becomes still more important.

The Colorado series contains much limestone, some of which is in the form of chalk.

That the chalk was deposited in shallow, clear seas is indicated both by the character of the fossils other than foraminifera and by the relation of the chalk to the elastic portions of the series.

Many indications of ice action are found in these islands; striated surfaces are to be seen on the cliffs in Eday and Westray, in Kirkwall Bay and on Stennie Hill in Eday; boulder clay, with marine shells, and with many boulders of rocks foreign to the islands (chalk, oolitic limestone, flint, &c.), which must have been brought up from the region of Moray Firth, rests upon the old strata in many places.

It is a lofty chalk headland, and the resistance it offers to the action of the waves may be well judged by contrast with the low coast of Holderness to the south.

Greenhithe, on the banks of the Thames, has large chalk quarries in its neighbourhood, from which lime and cement are manufactured.

Beneath a street in the town is a curious example of a hermit's cave, excavated in the chalk, and containing rude carvings of the crucifixion and other sacred subjects.

To produce the alkali metal, a calcined mixture of sodium carbonate, coal and chalk was strongly ignited in flat retorts made of boiler-plate; the sodium distilled over into condensers and was preserved under heavy petroleum.

For the plum on loamy soils the plum, and on chalky and light soils the almond, are the most desirable stocks, and for the cherry on loamy or light rich soils the wild cherry, and on chalk the " mahaleb " stock.

A hazel-coloured loam, moderately light in texture, is well adapted for most garden crops, whether of fruits or vegetables, especially a good warm deep loam resting upon chalk; and if such a soil occurs naturally in the selected site, but little will be required in the way of preparation.

It clothes the chalk cuttings on some English railways with a sheet of colour in the blooming season.

A similar action probably explains the origin of pyrites and marcasite in coal and lignite, in clay and shales, and in limestone like chalk.

Except in Limburg, where, in the neighbourhood of Maastricht, the upper layers of the chalk are exposed and followed by Oligocene and Miocene beds, the whole of Holland is covered by recent deposits of considerable thickness, beneath which deep borings have revealed the existence of Pliocene beds similar to the " Crags " of East Anglia.

The Cretaceous beds are not extensive, but the Wealden deposits of Bernissart, with their numerous remains of Iguanodon, and the chalk of the district about the Dutch frontier near Maastricht, with its very late Cretaceous fauna, are of special interest.

Of other mineral produce, chalk, exported from Lublin, a few quarries of marble and many of building stones, are worthy of notice.

There are numerous early earthworks on the chalk hills in the neighbourhood.

The points which require constant attention are - the perfect freedom of all carriers, feeders and drains from every kind of obstruction, however minute; the state and amount of water in the river or stream, whether it be sufficient to irrigate the whole area properly or only a part of it; the length of time the water should be allowed to remain on the meadow at different periods of the season; the regulation of the depth of the water, its quantity and its rate of flow, in accordance with the temperature and the condition of the herbage; the proper times for the commencing and ending of pasturing and of shutting up for hay; the mechanical condition of the surface of the ground; the cutting out of any very large and coarse plants, as docks; and the improvement of the physical and chemical conditions of the soil by additions to it of sand, silt, loam, `` chalk, &c.

Besides chemical manufactures, there are chalk, lime, cement and brick works and a shipbuilding yard.

It lies in a valley sheltered by steep chalk hills on the east, its old-fashioned stone houses lining a single broad street, which crosses the Upper Avon by a bridge of four arches.

They are conformably overlain by clays and limestones with Exogyra Overwegi belonging to the Lower Danian, and these by clays and white chalk with Ananchytes ovata of the Upper Danian.

Kircher's experimentum mirabile with the fowl and the chalk line succeeds best with the decerebrate hen.

Much of the Danish chalk, including the wellknown limestone of Faxe, belongs to the highest or " Danian " subdivision of the Cretaceous period.

In the south-western parts a succession of strata, described as the Brown Coal or Lignite formations, intervenes between the chalk and the boulder clay; its name is derived from the deposits of lignite which occur in it.

The geologic record is, as perhaps is to be expected, exceedingly poor, except as regards the calcareous Siphonales, which are well represented at various horizons, from the Silurian to the Tertiary; even the Diatomaceae, which are found in great quantities in the Tertiary deposits, do not occur at all earlier than the chalk.

The materials are chalk and Medway mud; in a few works the latter is replaced by gault.

The thin watery "slip" or slurry flows into large settling tanks ("backs") where the solids in suspension are deposited; the water is drawn off, leaving behind an intimate mixture of chalk and clay in the form of a wet paste.

The following analysis may be taken as typical of cements made from chalk and clay on the Thames and 100.0 There may be variations from this composition according to the nature of the raw materials employed.

They are covered by white sandstones and these by white chalk and manly beds, which represent the Upper Chalk of England.

Enormous numbers of flints and also less abundant fragments of chalk are found in glacial deposits bordering the Moray Firth.

These transported relics show that the Chalk must once have been in place at no great distance, if indeed it did not actually occupy part of Aberdeenshire and the neighbouring counties.

Near it are a series of curious circular excavations in the chalk, called the Maze, of unknown date or purpose.

It is situated at the mouth of a small stream, the Dour, whose valley here breaches the high chalk cliffs which fringe the coast on either hand.

These three breakwaters, with a united length of rather more than 14 m., are each built of massive concrete blocks in the form of a practically vertical wall founded on the solid chalk and rising to a quay level of 10 ft.

This liquor is first treated with carbonate of lime (ground chalk or limestone) in a " neutralizing-well," made of acid-proof material and provided with wooden stirring-gear.

The lowest beds consist of red grits which contain Neocomian fossils, while the middle and upper Cretaceous consist chiefly of limestone and chalk.

Then he draws on a wooden board a set of hieroglyphs in chalk, and his dexterity in counting or recounting the stars under whose region or influence the child is declared to be born is marvelled at by the superstitious creatures thronging around him.

Deposits of true chalk are utilized in the manufacture of Portland cement for local markets.

The chief geological formations of Buru are crystalline slate near the north coast, and more to the south Mesozoic sandstone and chalk, deposits of rare occurrence in the archipelago.

The most beautiful and attractive part of the island is the peninsula of Jasmund, which terminates to the north in the Stubbenkammer (Slavonic for "rock steps"), a sheer chalk cliff, the summit of which, the Kbnigsstuhl, is 420 ft.

The soil in the champagne district consists on the slopes largely of chalk and in the plain of alluvial soil.

The soil is of very varying nature, and consists in some districts of the so-called albariza (mainly chalk with some sand and clay), in others of barros, which is mainly sand cemented together with chalk and clay, and of arenas, which consists of nearly pure sand.

The first sod of the great line was cut at Chalk Farm, London, on the 1st of June 1834.

The soil is for the most part clayey, resting on a bed of chalk, and is, in general, fertile and well tilled.

After the irritant has been removed and fermentation stopped, the irritation still remaining in the intestinal wall may be soothed by chalk mixture and bismuth, to which if necessary small quantities of opium may be added.

In the eastern section the prevailing rock is crystalline chalk, similar to that of Buru.

A pair of wings of the toothless Pteranodon from the Chalk of Kansas, now in the British Museum, measures about five and a half metres in span.

Fragments of equally large pterodactyles with teeth are found in the English Chalk.

The employment of chalk as an ingredient in many seals Waxen im= of the 12th century has caused them to become ex- pressions.

It consists of a perpendicular chalk cliff 532 ft.

He soon made the crucial discovery - which proved the foundation of the huge industry of artificial alkali manufacture - that the desired end was to be attained by adding a proportion of chalk to the mixture of charcoal and sulphate of soda.

This is closely followed on the south-east by the Chalk country, occupying the whole of the rest of England except where the Tertiary Basins of London and Hampshire cover it, where the depression of the Fenland carries it out of sight, and where the lower rocks of the Weald break through it.

Thus the Chalk appears to run in four diverging fingers from the centre or palm on Salisbury Plain, other formations lying wedge-like between them.

The Thames is the one great river of the division, rising on the Jurassic Belt, crossing the Chalk country, and finishing its course in the Tertiary London Basin, towards which, in its prevailing west-to-east direction, it draws its tributaries from north and south.

The chalk and limestone plateaus are usually almost without inhabitants, and the villages of these districts occur grouped together in long strings, either in drift-floored valleys in the calcareous plateaus, or along the exposure of some favoured stratum at their base.

The dominating surface-feature formed by the Cretaceous rocks is the Chalk escarpment, the northern edge of the great sheet of chalk that once spread continuously over the whole south-east.

The rivers from the gentle southern slopes of the Oolitic heights pass by deep valleys through the Chalk escarpments, and flow on to the Tertiary plains within.

The typical scenery of the Chalk country is unrelieved by small streams of running water; the hills rise into rounded downs, often capped with fine clumps of beech, and usually covered with thin turf, affording pasture for sheep. The chalk, when exposed on the surface, is an excellent foundation for roads, and the lines of many of the Roman " streets " were probably determined by this fact.

The Chalk country extends over part of Dorset, most of Wiltshire, a considerable portion of Hampshire and Oxfordshire, most of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire, the west of Norfolk and Suffolk, the east of Lincolnshire, and the East Riding of Yorkshire.

From the upland of Salisbury Plain, which corresponds to the axis of the anticline marking the centre of the double fold into which the strata of the south of England have been thrown, the great Chalk escarpment runs north-eastward; fingers of Chalk run eastward one each side of the Weald, forming the North and South Downs, while the southern edge of the Chalk sheet appears from beneath the Tertiary strata at several places on the south coast, and especially in the Isle of Wight.

Flamborough Head, the South Foreland, Beachy Head and the Needles are examples of the fine scenery into which chalk weathers where it fronts the sea, and these white cliffs gave to the island its early name of Albion.

The Chalk is everywhere very thinly peopled, except where it is thickly covered with boulder clay, and so becomes fertile, or where it is scored by drift-filled valleys, in which the small towns and villages are dotted along the high roads.

The thickest covering of drift is found in the Holderness district of Yorkshire, where, from the chalk cliffs of Flamborough Head to the sandspit of Spurn Point, the whole coast is formed of boulderclay resting on chalk.

Of the few towns in the Chalk country, the interest of which is largely historical or scholastic, Salisbury, Winchester, Marlborough and Cambridge are the most distinguished.

Reading flourishes from its position on the edge of the London Tertiary Basin, Croydon is a suburb of London, and Hull, though on the Chalk, derives its importance from the Humber estuary, which cuts through the Chalk and the Jurassic belts, to drain the Triassic plain and the Pennine region.

The narrow strip of Greensands appearing from beneath the Chalk escarpment on its northern side is crowded with small towns and villages on account of the plentiful water-supply.

The distinction between the low grounds of the Jurassic belt and the Chalk country is not always very apparent on the surface, and from the historic point of view it is important to recognize the individuality of the Eastern plain which extends from the Vale of York across the Humber and the Wash into Essex.

The Eastern plain thus includes a portion of the Triassic plain in the north, a portion of the Jurassic and Chalk belts in the middle, and a portion of the Tertiary plain of the London Basin in the south.

The continuity of the belts of Chalk and of the Middle and Upper Oolites in the Eastern Plain is broken by the shallow depression of the Wash and the Fenland.

The sheet of Chalk shows its cut edges in the escarpments facing the centre of the Weald, and surrounding it in an oval ring, the eastern end of which is broken by the Strait of Dover, so that its completion must be sought in France.

From the crest of the escarpment, all round on south, west and north, the dip-slope of the Chalk forms a gentle descent outwards, the escarpment a very steep slope inwards.

Within the Chalk ring, and at the base of the steep escarpment, there is a low terrace of the Upper Greensand, seldom so much as a mile in width, but in most places crowded with villages scarcely more than a mile apart, and ranged like beads on a necklace.

Within the Upper Greensand an equally narrow ring of Gault is exposed, its stiff clay forming level plains of grazing pasture, without villages, and with few farmhouses even; and from beneath it the successivOeds of the Lower Greensand rise towards the centre, forming a wider belt, and reaching a considerable height before breaking off in a fine escarpment, the crest of which is in several points higher than the outer ring of Chalk.

It is largely a region of oak and pine trees, in contrast to the beech of the Chalk Downs.

The London Basin occupies a triangular depression in the Chalk which is filled up with clays and gravels of Tertiary and later age.

The Hampshire Basin forms a triangle with Dorchester, Salisbury and Worthing near the angles, and the rim of Chalk to the south appears in broken fragments in the Isle of Purbeck, the Isle of Wight, and to the east of Bognor.

There are very few dwellings situated at a higher level than moo ft., and on the lower ground the Chalk and the Oolitic limestones, where they crop out on the surface, are extremely thinly peopled, and so as a rule are areas of alluvial deposits and the Tertiary sands.

Next in order come the Greensands and Gault, which lie at the base of the Chalk escarpment, between that formation and the Oolites.

But in the eastern and southern counties the Chalk is covered by younger deposits of Tertiary age; the Pliocene Crags of Norfolk and Suffolk, the Lower London Tertiaries (London Clay, Woolwich and Reading Beds, &c.) of the London Basin comprising parts of Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex, Bucks and Berks, and northern Kent.

Again, in the Hampshire Basin and Isle of Wight, Eocene and Oligocene formations rest upon the Chalk.

At Windsor and Milan are a few finished studies in red chalk for the heads.

A highlyreputed series of life-sized chalk drawings of the same heads, of which the greater portion is at Weimar, consists of early copies, and is interesting though having no just claim to originality.

To about this time, when he was approaching his sixtieth year, may belong the noble portraitdrawing of himself in red chalk at Turin.

Leonardo's chief implements were pen, silverpoint, and red and black chalk (red chalk especially).

Above the Lower Greensand comes the Gault Clay, which lies in the broad vale south-east of the former and north-west of the Chalk hills.

The Chalk rises up above the Gault and forms the high ground of Dunshill Moors and the Chiltern Hills.

At the base of the Chalk is the Chalk Marl, above this is the Totternhoe Stone, which, on account of its great hardness, usually stands out as a well-marked feature.

The Lower Chalk, which comes next in the upward succession, is capped in a similar manner by the hard Chalk Rock, as at Royston and elsewhere.

In the eastern and south-eastern counties of England even greater variety of dry weather flow prevails than in the west, and upon the chalk formations there are generally no surface streams, except such as burst out after wet weather and form the so-called " bournes."

In the New Red Sandstone, the Greensand and the upper Chalk, we find the opposite extremes; while the igneous rocks are for the most part only permeable in virtue of the open fissures they contain.

The principal water-bearing formations, utilized in Great Britain by means of deep wells, are the Chalk and the New Red Sandstone.

The Upper and Middle Chalk are permeable almost through their mass.

They hold water like a sponge, but part with it under pressure to fissures by which they are intersected, and, in the case of the Upper Chalk, to ducts following beds of flints.

It is a notable peculiarity of the Upper and Middle Chalk formations that below their present valleys the underground water passes more freely than elsewhere.

This is explained by the fact that the Chalk fissures are almost invariably rounded and enlarged by the erosion of carbonic acid carried from the surface by the water passing through them.

Hence the best position for a well in the Chalk is generally that over which, if the strata were impermeable, the largest quantity of surface water would flow.

The Lower Chalk formation is for the most part impermeable, though it contains many ruptures and dislocations or smashes, in the interstices of which large bodies of water, received from the Upper and Middle Chalk, may be naturally stored, or which may merely form passages for water derived from the Upper Chalk.

Thus despite the impermeability of its mass large springs are occasionally found to issue from the Lower Chalk.

In practice it is usual in chalk formations to imitate artificially the action of such underground watercourses, by driving from the well small tunnels, or " adits " as they are called, below the water-level, to intercept fissures and water-bearing beds, and thus to extend the collecting area.

Next in importance to the Chalk formations as a source of underground water supply comes the Trias or New Red Sandstone, consisting in Great Britain of two main divisions, the Keuper above and the Bunter below.

With the exception of the Red Marls forming the upper part of the Keuper, most of the New Red Sandstone is permeable, and some parts contain, when saturated, even more water than solid chalk; but, just as in the case of the chalk, a well or borehole in the sandstone yields very little water unless it strikes a fissure; hence, in New Red Sandstone, also, it is a common thing to form underground chambers or adits in search of additional fissures, and sometimes to sink many vertical boreholes with the same object in view.

When the water has been drawn down by pumping to a lower level its passage through the sandstone or chalk in the neighbourhood of the borehole is further resisted by the smaller length of borehole below the water; and there are many instances in which repeated lowering and increased pumping, both from wells and boreholes, have had the result of reducing the water available, after a few years, nearly to the original quantity.

Where the strata are not uniformly porous, they may resist the passage of water from the direction of the sea or they may assist it; and round the whole coast of England, in the Magnesian limestone to the northeast, in the Chalk and Greensand to the east and south, and in the New Red Sandstone to the west, the number of wells which have been abandoned as sources of potable supply, owing to the percolation of sea water, is very great.

The treatment consists in the prompt neutralization of the acid, by chalk, magnesia, whiting, plaster, soap or any alkaline substance at hand; emetics or the stomach pump should not be used.

On the other hand, towards the close of the Cretaceous epoch (when the Chalk was in course of deposition), the spread of a great upland flora vastly extended the territory available for mammalian life.

The spurs consist in some cases of white chalk covering the limestone, and on the south there are several basaltic outbreaks.

The hills west of the great .plain are partly of bare white chalk, partly covered with dense thickets.

Nodules of flint when removed from the chalk which encloses them have a white dull rough surface, and exposure to the weather produces much the same appearance on broken flints.

Although the flint nodules often lie in bands which closely follow the bedding, they were not deposited simultaneously with the chalk; very often the flint bands cut across the beds of the limestone and may traverse them at right angles.

Evidently the flint has accumulated along fissures, such as bedding planes, joints and other cracks, after the chalk had to some extent consolidated.

Where the flints lie the chalk must have been dissolved away; we have in fact a kind of metasomatic replacement in which a siliceous rock has slowly replaced a calcareous one.

The process has been very gradual and the organisms of the original chalk often have their outlines preserved in the flint.

Objects of this kind are familiar to all collectors of fossils in chalk districts.

Seasoned flints from the land, having been long exposed to the atmosphere, are preferred to flints freshly dug from the chalk pits.

The Senonian chalk, or " White Limestone," is hard, with numerous bands of flint, and suffered from denudation in early Eocene times.

This chalk appears to underlie nearly the whole basaltic plateaus, appearing as a fringe round them, and also in an inlier at Templepatrick.

Chalk flints occur frequently in the surface-deposits of the south of Ireland, associated with rocks brought from the north during the glacial epoch, and probably also of northern origin.

After the Irish chalk had been worn into rolling downs, on which flint-gravels gathered, the great epoch of volcanic activity opened, which was destined to change the character of the whole north-west European area.

They comprise the Uskoken Gebirge, or Uskoks Mountains, named after the piratical Uskoks of Zengg, who were deported hither after the fall of their stronghold in 1617; the Warasdin Mountains, with the peak of Ivanscica (3478 ft.); the Agram Mountains, culminating in Sljeme or Slema (3396 ft.), and including the beautiful stretches of Alpine pasture known as the Zagorje, or "land beyond the hills"; the Bilo Gebirge, or White Mountains, a low range of chalk, and, farther to the south, several groups of mountains, among which Psunj (3228 ft.), Papuk (3217 ft.) Crni Vrh (2833 ft.), and the Ravna Gora (2808 ft.) are the chief summits.

It has floras of the plains, the hills and the mountains; an alpine flora, and an arctic flora; a flora of marshes, and a flora of steppes; floras peculiar to the clay, the chalk, the sandstone and the slate formations.

The Upper Greensand and Gault, represented in Lincolnshire by the Red Chalk, run north-west from Irby, widening out as far as Kelstern on the east, and cross the Humber.

The Chalk formation, about equal in breadth to the three preceding, extends from Burgh across the Humber.

The rest of the county, comprising all its south-east portions between the Middle Oolite belt and the sea, all its northeast portions between the chalk belt and the sea, and a narrow tract up the course of the Ancholme river, consists of alluvial deposits or of reclaimed marsh.

Gypsum is dug in the Isle of Axholme, whiting is made from the chalk near the shores of the Humber, and lime is made on the Wolds.

A good sandy loam is common in the Heath division; a sandy loam with chalk, or a flinty loam on chalk marl, abounds on portions of the Wolds; an argillaceous sand, merging into rich loam, lies on other portions of the Wolds; a black loam and a rich vegetable mould cover most of the Isle of Axholme on the north-west; a well-reclaimed marine marsh, a rich brown loam, and a stiff cold clay variously occupy the low tracts along the Humber, and between the north Wolds and the sea; a peat earth, a deep sandy loam, and a rich soapy blue clay occupy most of the east and south Fens; and an artificial soil, obtained by "warping," occupies considerable low strips of land along the tidal reaches of the rivers.

This phenomenon seems to arise from rains which, falling on the chalk hills, sink into the porous soil and reappear after a time from crevices at lower levels.

Wanting Danian Upper Chalk Senonian Middle Chalk Turonian Lower Chalk Cenomanian Upper Green-sand Gault Albian Aptian Lower Green-sand Valenginian Urgonian Wealden Neocomian In the continental classification the deposits from the Gault downwards are grouped as Lower Cretaceous; but in Great Britain there is a strong break below the Gault and 'none above; and the Gault is therefore classed as Upper Cretaceous.

In Great Britain the whole of the Upper Cretaceous strata are of marine origin, and have yielded no land-plants beyond a few fir-cones, drift-wood and rare Dicotyledonous leaves in the Lower Chalk.

Most of the deposits which have yielded Angiosperms of Cretaceous age in central Europe correspond in age with the English Upper Chalk (Senonian), but a small Cenomanian flora has been collected from the Unter Quader in Moravia.

The picturesque old town stands on a hill overlooking the Gloucestershire borders, the White Horse Vale and Lambourn Down in Berkshire, and the great chalk uplands of Marlborough; while the camps of Blunsdon, Ringsbury, Barbury and Badbury are all visible.

Berthelot, by digesting with chalk and cheese, obtained from it 12% of its weight of alcohol, along with calcium lactate, but no appreciable quantity of sugar.

We'll mark every corner, just as Martha did—not just stones but chalk, too.

He then glanced up at the wall where the nearly illegible chalk marking clearly pointed, not in the direction of the stones, but in the opposite direction!

Maybe some guys would just chalk it up to a nice piece of tail, but that's not me.

The chalk grassland supports an outstanding butterfly fauna including the nationally scarce Adonis blue and chalkhill blue butterflies.

These businessmen did n't adulterate products, putting leaves in tea or chalk in flour.

When tasted neat there is an initial whoosh of alcohol followed by an aftertaste of apples and French chalk on a new inner-tube.

This means that fractured chalk aquifers are hard to remediate once contamination has occurred.

The main source of water for the park comes from a borehole drilled 90 meters into a chalk aquifer.

It would take several hours to unload a barge delivering a cargo of 100 tons of chalk.

The dark basalt overlies a thin band of chalk, which forms a strong contrast in color whenever it is visible.

Summer arrives and the smell of fresh herbs pervades the chalk grassland as you walk through wild thyme, marjoram and wild basil.

The date was confirmed when, during the removal of the rammed chalk and clay floor, a papal bulla was found.

The river Itchen is an example of a permeable chalk catchment.

Now, among traditional medicines, there is a mix of the good, the bad, and the powdered chalk.

The patterns are traditionally drawn with the fingers using flour, rice grains or colored chalk.

Beneath is Dragon Hill, a natural flat-topped mound with a crescent of bare chalk showing through.

The horses are cut into the grassy top soil, which is then removed to expose the chalk underneath.

Basically the game involves Andy putting chalk all over my face without me realizing.

Planting in shallow chalk soils will cause chlorosis in time.

Students may use chalk to draw a few familiar constellations on the underside of the opened umbrella.

It's also useful to have some fat crayons, thick washable felt tip pens or chalk.

On the foreshore during scouring tides, the chalk yields echinoids and sponges.

Ramsgate Behind the busy Port of Ramsgate, high Chalk Cliffs yield echinoid 's and shells.

The dust board allowed this in the same sort of way that one can use a blackboard, chalk and a blackboard eraser.

To the south is the chalk escarpment, which runs from the south coast to Norfolk.

The story told in Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle is borrowed from an ancient Chinese fable and echoes the Judgment of Solomon.

A cretaceous shellfish fossil found in the chalk around Steyning and on display at the Museum.

The workings occur all along the base of the downs, where the narrow strip of upper greensand joins the chalk.

The area we visited was on the boundary of the chalk and lower greensand where the harder rocks of the upper greensand are exposed.

The chalk grassland supports several rare and scarce plants, including the nationally scarce man orchid and the nationally rare ground pine.

Upland calcareous grassland occurs on landslip material below the chalk cliffs; species include harebell, thyme, purging flax and early purple orchid.

We will be removing hawthorn from the chalk grasslands and laying a hedge.

A local artist wanted to find a suitable location for a symbol of the 20th century on a chalk hillside.

This gray and relatively impermeable Chalk was the main tunneling horizon for the Channel Tunnel.

He said monitors would be installed to keep a check on how the new chalk infill was settling in.

Samphire Hoe is a new piece of England created from 4.9 million cubic meters of chalk marl dug to create the Channel Tunnel.

On the east side of the circular Mausoleum another apsidal wall of chalk and flint was reported in 1893.

The eastern part has no chalk capping and is subject to frequent mudslides in the waterlogged soft limestones and clays.

The solid, mainly chalk geology of the Yorkshire Wolds is the most northerly outcrop of chalk in Britain.

On the hills southwest of Boxmoor station is a grass common called Rough Down, on which are two disused chalk pits.

This small chalk pit lying deep within Thetford Forest has the largest colony of military orchid in Britain.

Mortar for the walls was prepared by burning limestone or chalk in kilns to produce quicklime.

Lime used in building is made from chalk or limestone (calcium carbonate) burned in a lime kiln to form quicklime.

They result from topography and geology, following the chalk scarp and the river valleys.

Walkers are rewarded with outstanding landscapes, the chalk scarp deeply divided by dry valleys.

Chalk is a very pure form of limestone composed of countless millions of the minute calcareous skeletons of coccoliths, a form of algae.

The North Downs supports chalk grassland and Surrey acts as a stronghold for species such as the silver-spotted skipper.

The village of Wrotham is situated below the scarp slope of the North Downs at the edge of the Lower Chalk.

We are also currently looking to develop a national research site for chlorinated solvents in a chalk aquifer.

Where can you buy a souvenir magnetic chalk holder?

During scouring tides the entire foreshore is exposed with chalk.

The Vale of Pewsey separates the two main chalk upland blocks.

The chalk artist saw in the little street urchin what nobody else saw - a potential masterpiece!

Then I lay in local color with either digital watercolor or chalk.

For example, rivers draining a chalk catchment may be expected to respond very differently from nearby urban watercourses.

The harbor is a natural cove, a suntrap sheltered from the prevailing westerly winds, with shingly beach nestling below the chalk cliffs.

According to Hellmann, as quoted by Henry (82), the liability to lightning stroke in Germany may be put at chalk I, clay 7, sand 9, loam 22.

The geological formation of the plateau consists of thin beds of hard silicious chalk, locally called misse, which overlie a thick bed of soft white limestone, known by the name of meleke.

Soaps of smaller moment are the pearl ash soaps used for removing tarry stains; ox-gall soaps for cleaning carpets; magnesia, rouge and chalk soaps for cleaning plate, &c.

Perspiration of the feet cannot be attacked locally with more success than by a powder consisting of salicylic acid, starch and chalk.

Remarkable contortion of strata is seen at various points in the chalk.

They made a brief stay at Mantua, where Leonardo was graciously received by the duchess Isabella Gonzaga, the most cultured of the many cultured great ladies of her time, whose portrait he promised to paint on a future day; meantime he made the fine chalk drawing of her now at the Louvre.

Our only existing memorials of the great work are a number of small pen-studies of fighting men and horses, three splendid studies in red chalk at Budapest for heads in the principal group, one head at Oxford copied by a contemporary of the size of the original cartoon (above life); a tiny sketch, also at Oxford, by Raphael after the principal group; an engraving done by Zacchia of Lucca in 1558 not after the original but after a copy; a 16th-century Flemish drawing of the principal group, and another, splendidly spirited, by Rubens, both copies of copies; with Edelinck's fine engraving after the Rubens drawing.

Flint occurs primarily as concretions, veins and tabular masses in the white chalk of such localities as the south of England (see Chalk).

The opportunity to re-create several hundred hectares of chalk grassland in the coming years offers huge benefits to people and wildlife.

However all these sites contain small pockets of remnant chalk grassland.

Silbury Hill, of course, is composed of a series of stacked drums, revetted by walls of chalk blocks.

My boiling point was finally exceeded just this year, when someone with a stick of " sidewalk chalk " scrawled JESUS LOVES YOU !

In the early phase the barrow had bare chalk sides, and would have stood stark against the landscape.

The site has two boreholes from which water is drawn from the chalk strata below.

This method of building extends east as far as Basingstoke where the subsoil used is mainly chalk.

Chalk subsoil was, in all areas, cleaned to locate any possible subsurface features.

Thus it is fascinating to note that limestone aquifers are the major exception to crop formations occurring over chalk substrata.

The summit trig is situated in good-quality chalk grassland packed with wild flowers.

However, no attempt has been made to estimate the groundwater travel time spectrum for the unsaturated zone of the Chalk.

The chalk artist saw in the little street urchin what nobody else saw - a potential masterpiece !

Viper 's bugloss prefers a dry toil and is common on the chalk downs and on sea cliffs in many places.

Large areas of clay-with-flints, derived from the weathering of material overlying the present day Chalk, occur across the North Downs.

Sidewalk chalk is among the safest ventures you can take to help your child investigate his artistic potential.

If it doesn't at first, chalk you hands slightly…you should have to load your hand up with chalk because too much chalk will cause the stick to slide and shift uncontrollably in your hands.

Chalk this all up as a learning experience and give both of you a fresh start.

Snap a chalk line - You need to begin your bamboo floor layout on the longest wall of the room.

Once you've determined this, snap a straight chalk line to guide you when installing the first row of floor planks.

Snap a chalk line - Use a chalk line to guide installation, being sure to start with the room's longest wall.

Chalkboard paint can be used to create a chalkboard space or to make a whole wall a blackboard that can be written on with chalk.

Rub the side of a piece of chalk over the entire area and then wipe if off with a damp cloth (the cloth should not be wet, just slightly damp).

When the paint is mixed with the tile grout, it creates a surface that you can write on with chalk and erase.

Next, take a piece of chalk, and using the long side of the chalk, color in the entire chalkboard.

Mark the width of the stencil's pattern on the wall and then snap guidelines along the wall using chalk or baby powder.

New to the world of products formulated to extend the life of eye makeup, Trish McEvoy Eye Base Essentials is a newcomer to a line already chalk full of enticing color cosmetics, skincare products and fragrances.

Building on its original focus of creating cosmetics that gave photo shoot subjects a veritably perfect, flawless look, the burgeoning line is now chalk full of products that are both stylish and functional.

Use chalk to add shading to your scrapbook die cuts.

Use colored pencils and scrapbook chalk to add shading and dimension to the pieces.

Highlight key words of your journaling by going over them with chalk, colored pencils, or acrylic paint.

Make a beach ball by punching a circle from patterned paper, adding details with a fine tipped black pen, and shading with chalk.

Use a cotton swap to ink, chalk, or paint the scallops.

Add light blue blue chalk or ink around the edges.

An alternate method of creating clouds is to use the oval as a stencil to add light blue chalk or ink directly on white background paper.

The effect also works well on light blue paper, using a darker blue chalk or ink.

Chalk the scalloped edges with pastel chalk for a lacy effect.

Or, for an artsy appearance, print stickers in black and white and color them in with a bit of chalk.

Many times, adults do not believe that there could be a mental issue because they chalk up bad behavior to being a "typical teenager."

If you have a spot you can use chalk to cover the stain enough so that it doesn't show up on pictures.

The American Wedding is a boutique chalk full of stylish invitations that will easily cater to your needs.

If it were up to me, I'd chalk it up to experience and move forward.

Box (Buxus) - This beautiful bush grows wild on some of our southern chalk hills, and is much cultivated in gardens as an edging, and also in shrubberies.

The Chestnut thrives best in airy and warm situations, and upon stony or free soils, not caring much for chalk or heavy soils.

Wayfaring Tree (Viburnum Lantana) - One of the two kinds native of Britain, and frequent in hedgerows and copses, especially in chalk or limestone soils.

Like the Mountain Ash, it is also one of the best trees for planting in exposed places on poor soil, and no tree thrives so well on chalk.

Snapping a chalk line will make sure that your measurements are level from one end to the other.

Snap a chalk line for your starter row and make sure that it is completely straight.

You can mark each new row with a chalk line to insure that you keep the rows straight.

For smaller cutouts, like outlets, outline the object using chalk or lipstick and then set the panel over the opening.

The chalk will transfer to the back of the drywall panel and you can use it as a cutting guide.

An old construction trick is to use lipstick, but you can just as easily use chalk or a little craft paint.

Then use chalk or a pencil to draw a straight line connecting the two centers.

When spreading mortar remember not to cover any of the chalk or pencil lines you've established because you'll need them to align the tiles.

It's chalk full of vintage style clothing for men, including everything from hats and tuxedos to robes and hippie attire.

Nordstrom is chalk full of designer coats, and whether you shop online or in store you're certain to find one that suits your needs.

If you encounter a few bumps along the way as you are learning how to plant an organic garden, chalk it up to experience and work to remedy the situation next year.

Chalk one point on your good karma calendar!

Cleaning the roof helps reduce the quantity of chalk that builds up on your roof.

If the roof is not cleaned on a quarterly schedule, the excess chalk will run down the sides of the camper as a result of exposure to the elements and leave unattractive white streaks in its wake.

Gem Block has some fun themes including Neon Express, Black Diamond Zen, Chalk 2D, and more.

Line up your shots, chalk up your cue, and sink those balls.