Cardiac Sentence Examples

The bearing of this fact on cases of cardiac dilatation is evident.

This formula includes the vast majority of cardiac cases.

There is a reduction in cardiac output and an increase in hemoglobin oxygen affinity.

Rarely, however, an epileptic seizure may induce a cardiac arrhythmia which in turn leads to syncope.

Arrhythmia Awareness Week arrhythmia Awareness Week Arrhythmia Awareness Week is a campaign that aims to improve the quality of life for people living with Cardiac Arrhythmias.

Thirty seconds after the injection of suxamethonium, the patient developed a bradycardia and suffered cardiac arrest.

Twenty-eight days after intrathymic injection, the mice were transplanted with an H-2K b -positive, fully vascularised cardiac allograft.

Digital subtraction angiography For cardiac imaging the contrast medium may be administered intra-arterially by selective catheterisation to provide subtracted images.

Will giving electric shocks to a patient who is not in cardiac arrest be more harmful than just waiting for the professionals to arrive?

The results and outcomes of our services - particularly cardiac and transplant surgery - have been included in Clinical Governance reports for some time.

Being in a tense state is not good for cardiac health.

Potentially these could include cardiac MRI scans and small bowel scanning which might provide an alternative to barium meals.

Once somebody has suffered a cardiac arrest, there are only a few minutes in which defibrillation is likely to succeed.

The most common form of sudden cardiac arrest is due to ventricular fibrillation - a rapid, chaotic, lethal rhythm of the heart.

However, in the case of cardiac transplant patients, post-transplantation prophylactic cholecystectomy would appear to be the most cost-effective option.

Recent technological advances have refined the ability of pacemakers to mimic physiological cardiac conduction.

Lessons cover topics ranging from muscle contraction to cardiac activity to reaction time.

The ' heart czar ' is expected to announce today an imminent change to the Government's guidance on caring for cardiac conditions.

This is important when considering elderly people because of the rise in age related cardiac problems and the incidence of mature onset diabetes mellitus.

Death may result from circulatory or respiratory failure or cardiac dysrhythmia.

The diagnosis is best confirmed with two-dimensional echocardiography or cardiac MRI.

The complexities of cardiac electrophysiology are discussed in clinically relevant terms.

This peptide may have direct actions on cardiac cellular electrophysiology, in particular, I CaL.

Where a child presents with cardiac problems, treated or untreated, dental diseases pose a threat of infective endocarditis.

Cardiac involvement occurs frequently in HIV/AIDS patients and it seems likely that the myocardium, pericardium and/or endocardium are involved.

In summary, treatment with RSG improved cardiac energetics by lowering plasma FFA and hs-CRP.

There is degeneration of cardiac ventral epicardium and toxic cardiac necrosis, especially of the atrial lining with damage to spleen and heart.

Individual profiles can be provided eg equine cardiac profile.

Typically it presents as cyanosis, shock, cardiac failure or a murmur on routine check.

Units of the sarcoplasmic reticulum surround the contractile fibrils in the interior of cardiac muscle cells.

Their medical history included atrial fibrillation, congestive cardiac failure and a NSAID induced GI bleed.

They contain cardiac glycosides which render them extremely poisonous on ingestion.

It is a member of a class of compounds called cardiac glycosides.

With cardiac glycosides, NSAIDs may exacerbate cardiac failure, reduce GFR and increase plasma cardiac glycoside levels.

The polyunsaturated fats can cause an abnormal heartbeat which may lead to a sudden cardiac death, doctors warn.

Cardiac structural biology Research focuses upon studies of ion channels regulating calcium homeostasis in the heart.

We are interested in the mechanisms by which this occurs in cardiac arrhythmia and congenital hyperinsulinism.

In this research, cDNA expression arrays analysis was applied to isolate the gene fragments related to cardiac hypertrophy.

Clinical evidence of postural hypotension or cardiac disorder should be sought.

Her cardiac history included a myocardial infarct 5 years previously, mixed aortic valve disease, hypertension and rheumatic fever in childhood.

Outcomes included postoperative myocardial infarction, or myocardial ischaemia, or cardiac death over a longer period.

The resulting low cardiac output can cause hypotension, renal insufficiency and/or acute hepatic ischemia.

For this discussion, it's especially noteworthy that vitamin E may have direct beneficial effects against cardiac ischemia [5] .

The most popular test has been for blood lipids in association with cardiac risk ­ the average age for the test was 51.

Stable and dynamic microtubules are functionally distinct and we suggest that increased microtubule stability could contribute to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.

The outcome measure of interest was mortality, which was reported as all-cause mortality in most trials and sudden cardiac death in some trials.

All patients with an audible cardiac murmur should have an echocardiogram.

An immunization program using cardiac myosin is currently underway.

Project Objectives The project will deal with two distinct groups, patients with cardiac problems and neonates with surgical problems.

There is a joint program with cardiovascular medicine on the molecular genetics of myocardial contractile proteins, and on integrated cardiac neurobiology.

Another major concern with autonomic neuropathy is the lack of perception of cardiac pain by the patient.

Pharmacological intervention to promote cardiac output or treat arrhythmias.

The department are also able to offer an outpatient cardiac pacemaker follow up service.

Other abnormal responses Square wave response Seen in cardiac failure, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade and valvular heart disease.

Life after Death I started seeing him shortly after he began cardiac rehab.

The arrival of an action potential in the interior of the cardiac muscle cell causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Achieving good results in cardiac surgery requires team work.

Mr Horsford the surgeon said the body was free from bruising and he believed the cause was cardiac syncope caused by over exertion.

Sudden cardiac death is a feature of severe tetanus.

Double outlet right ventricle A cardiac defect in which both great major vessels emerge from the right ventricle.

The stomach has a cardiac gland, and the number of teats is two.

In the dropsy of cardiac disease, owing to the deficient oxidation from stagnation of blood, metabolic products must accumulate in the tissues; also lymph return must be impeded by the increased pressure in the veins and so dropsy results (Wells).

Recollection of the extraordinary complexity of the problems which are involved in the whole question of pain of cardiac origin will emphasize the extreme vagueness of the above assertion.

The circulation in the brain may be lessened by warmth to the feet, cold to the head, warm food in the stomach, warm poultices or compresses to the abdomen, antipyretics, which reduce the temperature and consequently slow the beats of the heart in fever, and cardiac or vascular tonics, which slow the heart and tend to restore tone to the blood-vessels, so that the circulation in the brain may be more efficiently regulated.

There may be bleeding from the nose, cutaneous congestion, deafness, blindness, coma or delirium, and even death from cardiac failure.

The British Heart Foundation reckons that 37% of cardiac deaths are due to inactivity.

Children suffering from reflex anoxic seizures (RAS) have repeated brief cardiac arrests.

Should Mr J be resuscitated in the event of a cardiac arrest?

In this case, birds who do not have a cardiac arrest at stunning will still be alive when they enter the scalding tank.

Tang (2000) described a case study using VAC to treat a deep sternal wound infection following cardiac surgery.

Spectral analysis showed that cardiac vagal tone was increased by beta blocker therapy, even under conditions of stress.

These data may indicate a greater reliance on the NO pathway to sustain levels of cardiac vagal activity in heart failure.

Patients with cardiac disease, especially significant shunts or stenotic valvular lesions, are vulnerable to these changes.

Her husband is the director of the cardiac catheterization lab at the local hospital.

He helped to pioneer the modern heart catheterization, now widely used to treat cardiac patients.

My father is a surgeon with a specialty in cardiology, especially cardiac catheterization.

Blood may also be drawn to ensure that your cat isn't suffering from specific nutrient deficiencies that can lead to cardiac failure.

People who suffer from coronary heart disease, serious cardiac arrhythmias, or vasospastic diseases should consult a doctor before using Nicorette.

Elvis Presley - This rock idol passed away from cardiac arrhythmia on August 16, 1977.

No one is really sure why she had to fly to South America for such a simple procedure, but she did and ended up going into cardiac arrest.

Early reports indicate that Jackson's cardiac arrest was caused by the anesthetic Propofol, which was reportedly administered to Jackson by Dr. Murray.

Brittany Murphy died after suffering a full cardiac arrest on Sunday, December 20, 2009.

An autopsy declared he suffered cardiac arrest as a direct result of heavy drug use.

Jackson had reportedly taken multiple prescription drugs for pain, but his personal physician was charged with involuntary manslaughter in 2010 with administering a fatal cocktail of drugs, which brought on cardiac arrest.

On June 25, 2009, Jackson died of cardiac arrest.

The cardiac form of parvo is usually transmitted to unborn pups via the uterus of an infected mother.

Cardiac dog parvo symptoms are sparse and come on quite rapidly.

When cardiac output is reduced or low, this is referred to as congestive heart failure.

The reduced cardiac function can make physical activity challenging, cause dizzy spells (especially when someone stands up for too long) and lead to falls and other injuries.

In the event that you or someone you love suspects a cardiac problem or congestive heart failure, see a doctor.

Some doctors get further training in one specific geriatric area such as knee and hip replacement, cardiac surgery, cancer, or Alzheimer's.

If the disease is not treated, the parasitical infection can cause anemia, cardiac disease, kidney disease and endocrine failure.

It is often used in the diagnosis of cases of abnormal cardiac rhythm and myocardial damage.

An echocardiogram, or echo (cardiac ultrasound) may be used to distinguish an innocent murmur from a pathologic one.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a scanning method that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create three-dimensional images of the heart.

Choking is a major cause of respiratory emergencies and cardiac arrest in infants and children.

If the foreign body cannot be expelled from the child's airway using the Heimlich maneuver, cardiac and/or respiratory arrest may occur, and the child may stop breathing.

In many cases, the child may have few or very minor outward signs of the disorder, and the diagnosis may be missed until the child develops vision problems or cardiac symptoms.

In terms of the cardiac examination, a standard electrocardiogram (EKG) is not sufficient for diagnosis; only the echocardiogram can detect possible enlargement of the aorta.

Children need to be monitored regularly by a doctor to ensure that problems, especially cardiac problems and hypertension, do not arise.

Children with Williams syndrome usually grow up physically healthy as long as they receive treatment for any problems, especially cardiac problems, that arise.

In asymptomatic children with COA, the descending aorta receives left ventricle blood through the ascending aorta; these children have fewer, if any, associated cardiac abnormalities.

Frequently, other congenital cardiac complications are also present.

Surgery may be required for infants who have severe coarctation of the aorta and is usually recommended for those who have associated cardiac defects or those infants who do not respond to drug therapy.

Approximately half of all infants diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta have no other cardiac defects and respond well to medical management, growing and developing normally.

Various forms of heart disease often accompany FA, including cardiomyopathy (enlargement of the heart), myocardial fibrosis (formation of fiber-like materials in heart muscles), and cardiac failure.

Heartbeat abnormalities such as tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and heart block (impaired conduction of the heart's cardiac impulses) are common occurrences.

Amantadine may provide some limited improvement in ataxic symptoms, but is not recommended in children with cardiac abnormalities.

In some cases, cardiac catheterization, a more invasive diagnostic procedure, may be performed to diagnose atrial septal defect.

A catheter-based cardiac implant should be done by an interventional cardiologist skilled in performing this procedure on children.

The catheter-based cardiac implant procedure involves the implantation of a closure device that seals the defect.

The procedure starts with a cardiac catheterization to determine the size and location of the defect.

If the cardiac catheterization indicates that a closure device would be an effective treatment, an anticoagulant medication, is given intravenously to reduce the risk of blood clot.

Patients who undergo the cardiac implant procedure take a daily anticoagulant medication such as aspirin or warfarin (Coumadin) for three to six months after the procedure.

If the child needs surgery or a catheter-based cardiac implant, it is important for him or her to be as healthy as possible for the procedure.

The statement was intended to help doctors counsel patients who have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death during physical activity.

Cardiac catheterization-A procedure to passes a catheter through a large vein into the heart and its vessels for the purpose of diagnosing coronary artery disease, assessing injury or disease of the aorta, or evaluating cardiac function.

Cardiac defects are not unusual in the babies of women with abnormal blood sugars during that time.

Fluoroscopy is also used to help guide catheters into place in the heart during cardiac catheterization or to guide an endoscope during endoscopic surgery.

Scientists believe that Brugada syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene SCN5A, which involves cardiac sodium channels.

Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to confirm congenital cardiovascular defects when suggested by the child's symptoms and physical exam results.

Between 10 and 14 weeks of pregnancy, physicians may use an ultrasound to look for a thickness at the nuchal translucency, a pocket of fluid in back of the embryo's neck, which may indicate a cardiac defect in 55 percent of cases.

Cardiac MRI, a scanning method that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create three-dimensional images of the heart, can help physicians evaluate congenital cardiovascular defects, but is not always necessary.

More invasive diagnostic procedures, such as angiography and cardiac catheterization, may be performed to show the type and severity of heart disease.

Promising new prevention methods and treatments include genetic screening and the cultivation of cardiac tissue in the laboratory that could be used to repair congenital cardiovascular defects.

At highest risk are boys, premature infants, infants living in urban locations, babies who have not been breastfed, and babies with chronic pulmonary, cardiac, or immune conditions.

These symptoms include cardiac arrhythmias, headache, nausea and vomiting, and in severe cases, seizures.

Sometimes the victim suffers a severe reaction, including vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage (bleeding), a drop in blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmia (disordered heart beat).

Because ephedra can cause severe cardiac side effects, the Food and Drug Administration has issued warnings against its use.

Although investigators are still not sure whether the immediate cause of SIDS deaths is due to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest, patterns of infant sleep, breathing, and arousal are a major focus of research in the early 2000s.

About 30 to 50 percent of infants born with duodenal atresia also have Down syndrome, and some have cardiac abnormalities as well.

An echocardiogram and chest x rays may be done to evaluate the infant for any other possible abnormalities, including cardiac defects and abnormal development of the pancreas, which is often associated with duodenal obstruction.

Decreased amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) is associated with IUGR as the fetus may have a decreased cardiac output and thus decreased renal flow to produce less urine.

Adrenaline may also be administered to increase cardiac output.

After diagnosis, echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) and an MRI of the chest are performed to evaluate possible cardiac defects.

Bicuspid aortic valves can deteriorate or become infected, so it is advised that all girls with Turner syndrome undergo annual cardiac evaluations.

People with dystrophies with significant heart involvement (BMD, EDMD, Myotonic dystrophy) may nonetheless have almost normal life spans, provided that cardiac complications are monitored and treated aggressively.

Some of these children have other defects such as cardiac anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, kidney and genital anomalies, and neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.

Surgical interventions may be limited by child's cardiac health.

Symptoms are often vague and include (in order of frequency) fatigue, headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, cardiac symptoms, apathy, nausea, and memory disturbances.

Abnormal heart rhythms (cardiac dysrhythmias) often occur in near-drowning cases, and the heart may stop pumping (cardiac arrest).

Treatment is administered as needed for cardiac arrest or cardiac dysrhythmias.

A procedure called a cardiac catheterization can then be performed during which a small thin tube (catheter) with a balloon tip, may be used to enlarge the opening between the two atria until surgery can be performed.

Foramen ovale-The foramen ovale is a fetal cardiac structure that allows the blood in both upper chambers (atria) of the heart to mix.

Most children continue to be seen by a team of doctors including the pediatrician, cardiologist, and pediatric cardiac surgeon.

Most children will continue to be seen by a team of doctors including the pediatrician, cardiologist, and pediatric cardiac surgeon.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure to support and maintain breathing and circulation for an infant, child, or adolescent who has stopped breathing (respiratory arrest) and/or whose heart has stopped (cardiac arrest).

Cardiac arrest in children over one year of age is most commonly caused by shock and/or respiratory failure resulting from an accident or injury.

For example, these individuals may have distinctive facial features such as thin upper lip and flattened nasal bridge, and they may have low calcium from hypoparathyroidism or cardiac defects.

Sodium and potassium imbalances can cause cardiac arrhythmias and shock (a reduced flow of blood and oxygen to tissues throughout the body).

Magnesium deficiency is associated with cardiac arrest, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, depression, insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome, and lung conditions.

Other symptoms, such as cardiac arrhythmias, actually occur because of low potassium.

The device is inserted into the heart in a process called cardiac catheterization.

In adults, less common effects of Lyme disease are heart abnormalities (such as irregular rhythm or cardiac block) and eye abnormalities (such as swelling of the cornea, tissue, or eye muscles and nerves).

Some children with syndactyly may also have cardiac or heart problems; therefore, an electrocardiogram (EKG) may be ordered to evaluate heart function.

Chest x rays may be taken to look for skeletal and cardiac abnormalities.

Also, among children with Hirschsprung's disease, some 2-5 percent have cardiac defects.

This, in turn, can cause life-threatening high blood pressure (hypertension) and irregular heart beat (cardiac arrhythmia).

Reported side effects of these drugs include persistent dry mouth, sedation, disorientation, and cardiac arrhythmia (particularly with desipramine).

They also help raise money for charities such as the Larry King Cardiac Foundation.

They perform rescue breathing, CPR, cardiac life support, administer oxygen, and more to get the patients stable.

In some cases, they may have to resuscitate patients with cardiac or respiratory emergencies.

They also prepare patients for procedures such as cardiac catheterization, then monitor blood pressure and heart rate.

Medifast is a portion-controlled diet developed by Johns Hopkins doctors to help patients who had to lose weight very fast prior to having cardiac surgery.

Dingle died in 2004 when she went into cardiac arrest after a chimney crushed her.

While there have been claims of elevated blood pressure and cardiac problems, none of these claims has been shown to be true of those who were following the Atkins Diet as written.

Cardiac pacemakers, electrocardiograph devices, or any other medically implanted device used for life support can be interrupted with use.

So eating these cookies not only teaches clients to eat multiple meals each day but also has been shown to improve cholesterol and cardiac risk factors.This program is also conducted under the supervision of a doctor.

The cardiac diet is often prescribed for people who are at imminent risk of a heart attack.

The cardiac diet is a healthy eating plan to follow, even if a person does not have any of these health conditions, and may be followed as a preventative management program or as part of a heart healthy treatment plan.

When the cardiac diet is prescribed as part of a treatment plan, it is often individualized for the patient by a dietician and follows basic guidelines that promote good cardiac health.

A key component in the cardiac diet is reducing the intake of harmful fats.

High fiber intake as part of the cardiac diet lowers bad cholesterol levels in the body to increase heart health and reduce the risk of heart attacks.

In addition to the cardiac benefits, fiber also aids digestion and reduces instances of constipation.

In addition to following a healthy cardiac diet eating plan, there are other things you can do to keep your heart healthy.

If you have concerns about your cardiac health, talk to your doctor before beginning a diet and exercise program.

Studies were conducted by researchers from John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Medifast Diet was designed to help cardiac patients who needed to lose weight fast before surgery.

Reduced oxidative stress can confer any number of health benefits, from slower aging to boosting your immune and cardiac functions.

Others, like Polar, takes a more advanced approach by also letting you search by function, i.e., if you're a runner, cyclist, cardiac rehab patient and so on, giving you a more narrow search to find the right product for you.

This in turn comes with a slew of advantages ranging from less stress on joints and cardiac health to pure aesthetics.

A teddy-bear print might not go so well for a nurse in a cardiac care unit, though - or it might, depending on the bedside manner and general environment.

The systole is not altered in length, but the diastole is very much prolonged, and since this is the period not only of cardiac rest but also of cardiac "feeding" - the coronary vessels being compressed and occluded during systole - the result is greatly to benefit the nutrition of the cardiac muscle.

The uses of atropine in cardiac affections are still obscure and dubious.

It can only be laid down that the drug is a valuable though temporary stimulant in emergencies, and that its use as a plaster or internally often relieves cardiac pain.

Alcohol and cardiac stimulants may be required to prevent heart failure.

It is a powerful cardiac depressant, diminishing both the force and frequency of the heart's beat.

Summed up, its action is that of an irritant, and a cardiac and nervous depressant.

We see patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome, and following angioplasty / stent or cardiac surgery.

Screenings can detect previously undiagnosed heart conditions, which if left untreated, can lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD ).

Ten to twenty minims of ether, subcutaneously injected, constitute perhaps the most rapid and powerful cardiac stimulant known, and are often employed for this purpose in cases of syncope under anaesthesia.

All potassium salts if taken in large doses are cardiac depressants, they also depress the nervous system, especially the brain and spinal cord.

Digitonin, on the other hand, is a cardiac depressant, and has been found to be identical with saponin, the chief constituent of senega root.

This can be proved to occur in a heart so embryonic that no nerves can be recognized in it, and in portions of cardiac muscle that contain neither nervecells nor nerve-fibres.

The essential point here to be added is that death takes place from combined cardiac and respiratory failure.

The medieval Jews also held that there is a cardiac demon in wine which takes possession of drunken men; and the Mahommedan prohibition of wine-drinking is based on a similar superstition.

When this continues for a length of time it tends by itself to cause deterioration of the blood-vessels and leads to death either by cerebral apoplexy or by cardiac failure.

Over the right part the mucous membrane has a greyish-red colour and a velvety appearance, and contains numerous peptic glands, which are wanting in the cardiac portion.

Use hot bottles and stimulants, especially trying to counteract the cardiac depression by atropine, caffeine, strophanthin, &c.

It used to be stated that these drugs are marked cardiac depressants; and the heart being invariably implicated in rheumatic fever, it is supposed that these drugs must be given with great caution.

It has now been established that, provided the kidneys be healthy, natural salicylic acid, sodium salicylate prepared from the natural acid, and salicin, are not cardiac depressants.

When the growth is at the cardiac end of the stomach, blocking the gullet and causing slow starvation, the abdomen may advisedly be opened, and, the stomach having been fixed to the surface-wound, a permanent opening may be arranged for the introduction of an adequate amount of food.

Digitalis contains four important glucosides, of which three are cardiac stimulants.

This is due to a very definite influence upon the different portions of the cardiac cycle.

Added to the greater force of cardiac contraction is a permanent tonic contraction of the organ, so that its internal capacity is reduced.

A certain consequence of its use is to cause or increase cardiac hypertrophy - a condition which has its own dangers and ultimately disastrous consequences, and must never be provoked beyond the positive needs of the case.

The respiratory centre is similarly stimulated, so that atropine must be regarded as a temporary but efficient respiratory and cardiac stimulant.

Beri-beri is a dietetic deficiency disease which manifests itself by cardiac weakness with shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and peripheral neuritis with numbness of the limbs and weakness.

As it does not depress the heart when used in medicinal doses, it may be given to patients suffering from cardiac disease.

Rest in bed should be insisted upon for a longer time than appears actually required, because acute rheumatism tends to bring on cardiac changes, and is more likely to do this when the heart is excited than when the patient is kept at rest.

Exercises, passive and active, are also used in diseases of the joints, as well as massage and baths, but exercises and training are even more important in cases of cardiac disease.

In most Decapods the " stomach " or dilated portion of the fore-gut is divided into two chambers, a large anterior " cardiac " and a smaller posterior " pyloric."

The drug is not a true specific, as quinine is for malaria, since it rarely, if ever, prevents the cardiac damage usually done by rheumatic fever; but it entirely removes the agonizing pain, shortly after its administration, and, an hour or two later, brings down the temperature to normal.

Nitroglycerin is valuable as a preventive in cases of cardiac pain, such as angina pectoris, and it is also used in other conditions where it is desirable to reduce the arterial tension.

The cardiac contractions become irregular, the ventricle assumes curious shapes - "hour-glass," &c. - becomes very pale and bloodless, and finally the heart stops in a state of spasm, which shortly afterwards becomes rigor-mortis.

The stomach of the horse is simple in its external form, with a largely developed right cul de sac, and is a good deal curved on itself, so that the cardiac and pyloric orifices are brought near together.

Whilst absolutely contra-indicated in all cases of valvular disease, it is of value in cases of cardiac hypertrophy with over-action.

Not only is the respiratory centre stimulated but the cardiac centre is acted upon both directly by the drug and indirectly for a time by the enormous rise in blood pressure due to the contraction of the arterioles all over the body.

Clinically it is to be observed that the drug is cumulative, being very slowly excreted, and that after it has been taken for some time the pulse may become irregular, the blood-pressure low, and the cardiac pulsations rapid and feeble.

The tail is long and in some cases prehensile; the first hind-toe may be either large, small or absent; the dentition usually includes three pairs of upper and one of lower incisors, and six or seven pairs of cheekteeth in each jaw; the stomach is either simple or sadculated, without a cardiac gland; and there are four teats.

In the region of the neck lateral strands pass through the transverse canal of the cervical vertebrae; but from the thoracic region onwards, where the cardiac branch to the heart is given off, each strand is double and the basal ganglia are successively connected with the next by a branch which runs ventrally over the capitulum of the rib, and by another which passes directly through the foramen or space formed between capitulum and tuberculum.

The initial action of digitalis is a stimulation of the cardiac terminals of the vagus nerves, so that the heart's action is slowed.

Thereafter follows the most important effect of the drug, which is a direct stimulation of the cardiac muscle.