Calvin Sentence Examples

Luther was not, like Calvin, a man of rigid system.

Calvin, at Farel's invitation, settled in Geneva (1536) the work of reformation became more constructive.

It was on this subject of keeping pure the Lord's Table that the controversy arose between the ministers and the town councillors which ended in the banishment of Calvin, Farel and Conrad from Geneva.

When John Knox visited Calvin at Geneva one Sunday, it is said that he discovered him engaged in a game; and John Aylmer (1521-1594), though bishop of London, enjoyed a game of a Sunday afternoon, but used such language "as justly exposed his character to reproach."

The severity of the disciplinary measures which followed procured a reaction under which Farel and Calvin were banished the city in 1538.

When (1541) Calvin was recalled to Geneva, Farel also returned; but in 1542 he went to Metz to support the Reformation there.

Whilst Protestant opponents put him in the list of atheists like Vanini, and the Catholics held him as dangerous as Luther or Calvin, there were zealous adherents who ventured to prove the theory of vortices in harmony with the book of Genesis.

When the conclusions thus reached by many independent investigators were at length reduced to a system by Calvin, in his famous Institutio, it became the definite ideal of church government for all the Reformed, in contradistinction to the Lutheran, churches.

It may be convenient at this point to consider Calvin's ideal church polity, as set forth in his famous Christianae religionis institutio, the first edition of which was published in 1536.

It was based on a short confession drafted by Calvin in 1557, and may still be regarded, though once or twice revised, as the confession of the French Protestant Church.

Zwingli and Calvin on the other hand prefer the positive view of law as instituted by God far back in history in the days of the Old Covenant; but,, when exegesis or controversy puts pressure upon them, they fall into line and reiterate the appeal to a Natural Law.

She was married on the 6th of January 1836 to one of the professors in the seminary, Calvin Ellis Stowe.

No one was more frequently and confidentially consulted by Calvin.

When the trial of Servetus was in progress (1553), Calvin was anxious for Farel's presence, but he did not arrive till sentence had been passed.

A coolness with Calvin was created by Farel's marriage, at the age of sixty-nine, with a refugee widow from Rouen, of unsuitable age.

Calvin's death, in 1564, affected him deeply.

They are first heard of in Savoy in the year 1258, and more than two centuries later they went to Geneva (151o), united with Calvin in his opposition to Rome, and associated their fortunes with those of the little Swiss city.

After the beginning of the German Reformation many Utraquists adopted to a large extent the doctrines of Luther and Calvin; and in 1567 obtained the repeal of the compacts, which no longer seemed sufficiently far-reaching.

It was the popular movement of the Reformation, which made the sermon a piece of literature, on the lips of Jean Calvin (1509-1564), Pierre Viret (1511-1571) and Theodore de Beze (1519-1605).

The last-named gives an elaborate history of interpretation from the Septuagint down to Calvin, and appends the Ethiopic text edited by Dillmann.

Calvin states his views clearly in the fourth book of his Institutes, cap. iii.

His father advised him to revise his philological and philosophical studies, and read over Calvin's Institutions, before finally determining.

Calvin's first principle, the absolute sovereignty of God, had been so applied as to make the divine decree determine alike the acts and the destinies of men; and his formal principle had been so construed as to invest his system with the authority of the source whence it professed to have been drawn.

He afterwards studied divinity at Geneva under Calvin, and Hebrew at Paris under Jean Mercier.

In Geneva under Calvin, while the Consistoire, or ecclesiastical court, could inflict only spiritual penalties, yet the medieval idea of the duty of the state to co-operate with the church to maintain the religious purity of the community in matters of belief as well as of conduct so far survived that the civil authority was sure to punish those whom the ecclesiastical had censured.

Calvin consented to the death of Servetus, whose views on the Trinity he regarded as most dangerous heresy, and whose denial of the full authority of the Scriptures he dreaded as overthrowing the foundations of all religious authority.

Among the Reformers were, of course, Martin Luther and most of his German collaborators; the Swiss Zwingli, Bullinger, Farel and Calvin; the English Latimer, John Bradford, John Jewel; the Scot John Knox.

Calvin's views were expressed in the Gallican Confession, containing forty articles, which was drawn up in 1559, and was presented both to Francis II.

These confessions teach the root idea of Calvin's theology, the immeasurable awfulness of God, His eternity, and the immutability of His decrees.

This same Elector Frederick invited two young divines, Zacharias Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus,, to prepare the afterwards celebrated Heidelberg catechism, which in 1563 superseded Calvin's catechism in the Palatinate.

While Calvin began sternly with the question.

He was cordially received by Calvin, and within two years published six volumes of Prediche, tracts rather than sermons, explaining and vindicating his change of religion.

It was in 1536, when Calvin was on a hurried and final visit to France, that in Paris he first met Servetus, and as he himself says, proposed to set him right on theological points.'

Late in 1545, or very early in 1546, he opened a fatal correspondence with Calvin, forwarding the manuscript of a much-enlarged revision of his theological tracts and expressing a wish to visit Geneva.

Calvin replied (r3th February 1546) in a letter now lost; in which, he says, he expressed himself " plus durement que ma coustume ne porte."

Writing to Abel Pouppin (in or about 1547) he complains that Calvin would not return his manuscript, and adds, " mihi ob earn rem moriendum esse certo scio."

The volume of theological tracts, again recast, was declined by two Basel publishers, Jean Frellon (at Calvin's instance) and Marrinus, but an edition Beza incorrectly makes Servetus the challenger, and the date 1534.

For a subsequent letter Calvin furnished (reluctantly, according to de Trye) samples of Servetus's handwriting, expressly to secure his conviction.

His defence was that, in correspondence with Calvin, he had assumed the character of Servetus for purposes of discussion.

Calvin would have had him beheaded.

Calvin's Defensio orthodoxae fidei (1554) (in French, Declaration pour maintenir, &c., 1 554), is the source of prevalent misconceptions as to Servetus's opinions, and attitude on his trial.

It is impossible exactly to estimate the influence which these teachers exerted on the general trend of religious opinion in England; in any case, however, it was not unimportant, and the Articles of Religion and official homilies of the Church of England show unmistakably the influence of Calvin's doctrine.

John Knox, who, after a chequered career, had come under the influence of Calvin at Geneva, returned to Scotland for a few months in 1 555, and shortly after (1557) that part of the Scottish nobility which had been won over to the new faith formed their first " covenant " for mutual protection.

Knox appeared in Scotland again in 1559, and became a sort of second Calvin.

The Sorbonne issued a concise series of twenty-five articles, refuting the Institutes of Calvin.

The Sorbonne also drew up a list of prohibited books, including those of Calvin, Luther and Melanchthon; and the parlement issued a decree against all printing of Protestant literature.

In the same year (September 1536), as Calvin was passing through the town on his way back to Strassburg after a short visit in Italy, he was seized by Farel and induced most reluctantly to remain and aid him in thoroughly carrying out the Reformation in a city in which the conservative sentiment was still very strong.

As there proved to be a large number in the town councils who did not sympathize with the plans of organization recommended by Calvin and his colleagues, the town preachers were, after a year and a half of unsatisfactory labour, forced to leave Geneva.

Thus " we ought," as Lindsay says, " to see in the disciplinary powers and punishments of the Consistory of Geneva not an exhibition of the working of the Church organized on the principles of Calvin, but the ordinary procedure of the town council of a medieval city.

Calvin's book furnished the Protestants not only with a compact and admirably written handbook of theology, vigorous and clear, but with a system of Church government and a code of morals.

Notwithstanding these measures for their extermination, the French Protestants were proceeding to organize a church in accordance with the conceptions of the early Christian communities as Calvin described them in his Institutes.

Persecution was revived by the Guises; Du Bourg, the brave defender of the Protestants, was burned as a heretic; yet Calvin could in the closing years of his life form a cheerful estimate that some three hundred thousand of his countrymen had been won over to his views.

The number of questions which Calvin failed to ask or eluded by absolutely irrational expedients frees him from any taint of modern rationalism.

In a great sermon on the 10th of April (Easter week) 1588, he stoutly vindicated the Protestantism of the Church of England against the Romanists, and, oddly enough, adduced "Mr Calvin" as a new writer, with lavish praise and affection.

With Calvin he concluded (1549) the Consensus Tigurinus on the Lord's Supper.

Lindsay (History of the Reformation), clearer insight than the Lutherans, and Zwingli rather than Luther was in this matter Calvin's guide, and the guide of the reformed churches of Switzerland, France, England and the Netherlands.

His peculiar theological opinions were set aside in Switzerland for the somewhat profounder views of Calvin.

Dr Smith contributed articles on Calvin, Kant, Pantheism, Miracles, Reformed Churches, Schelling and Hegel to the American Cyclopaedia, and contributed to McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia; and was editor of the American Theological Review (1859 sqq.), both in its original form and after it became the American Presbyterian and Theological Review and, later, the Presbyterian Quarterly and Princeton Review.

He has not the excessive classicism of style which mars even the fine prose of Jean Calvin, and which makes that of some of Calvin's followers intolerably stiff.

His was not the mind to originate, like Calvin, a new scheme of Christian thought.

In the 6th century, besides Calvin and Bonivard, we have Isaac Casaubon, the scholar; Robert and Henri Estienne, the printers, and, from 1572 to 1574, Joseph Scaliger himself, though but for a short time.

In July 1536 a French refugee, John Calvin, came to Geneva for a night, but was detained by Farel who found in him a powerful helper.

The opposition party of the Libertins succeeded in getting them both exiled in 1538, but, in September 1541, Calvin was recalled (Farel spending the rest of his life at Neuchatel, where he died 1565) to Geneva.

The great blot on Calvin's rule was his intolerance of other thinkers, as exemplified by his burning of Gruet (1547) and of Servetus (1553) But, on the other hand, he founded (1559) the Academy, which, originally meant as a seminary for his preachers, later greatly extended its scope, and in 1873 assumed the rank of a University.

The strict rule of Calvin drove out many old Genevese families, while he caused to be received as citizens many French, Italian and English refugees, so that Geneva.

The Bernese often interfered with the internal affairs of Geneva (while Calvin, a Frenchman, naturally looked towards France), and refused to allow the city to conclude any alliances save with itself.

Gex, the Genevois and the Chablais, Geneva being thus once more placed amid the dominions of the duke; though by the same treaty (that of Lausanne, October 156 4, Calvin having died the preceding May) the alliance of Bern with Geneva was maintained.

In 1850 he published the Life of Calvin, a conscientious and on the whole impartial work, though the character of Calvin is somewhat harshly drawn, and his influence in the religious world generally is insufficiently appreciated.

The variata edition was signed by Calvin, in the meaning, he said, of its author Melanchthon.

Calvin had taught that the true way to regard substance was to think of its power (vis), and that the presence of a substance was the immediate application of its power.

Melanchthon and many Lutherans accepted the theory of Calvin, and alleged that Luther before his death had approved of it.

Calvinism, indeed, rather recommended itself to the Poles as being of non-German origin, and Calvin actually dedicated his Commentary on the Mass to the young krolewicz (or crown prince) Sigismund Augustus, from whom protestantism, erroneously enough, expected much in the future.

The coeval origin of consonants and vowels had indeed been questioned or denied by the earliest reformers (Luther, Zwingli, Calvin), but later, in the period of Protestant scholasticism and under the influence of one school of Jewish Rabbis, Protestant scholars in particular, and especially those .of the Swiss school, notably the Buxtorfs, had committed themselves to the view that the vowels formed an integral and original part of the text of the Old Testament; and this they maintained with all the more fervency.

In 1551 his MS. of the Chroniques de Geneve (ending in 1530) was submitted to Calvin for correction, but it was not published till 1831.

In this same year (1537) John Calvin at Geneva published his catechism for children.

Calvin came to see this, and in 1542, after his experience in Strassburg, drafted a new one which was much more suitable for teaching purposes, though, judged by modern standards, still far beyond the theological range of childhood.

It was used at the Sunday noon instruction of children, on which Calvin laid much stress, and was adopted and similarly used by the Reformed Church of Scotland.

The Reformed churches of the Palatinate, on the other hand, used the Heidelberg Catechism (1562-1563), "sweetspirited, experiential, clear, moderate and happily-phrased," mainly the work of two of Calvin's younger disciples, Kaspar Olevianus and Zacharias Ursinus.

In Scotland both Calvin's Geneva Catechism and then the Heidelberg Catechism were translated by order of the General Assembly and annotated.

The ordinary term "Jesuit" was given to the Society by its avowed opponents; it is first found in the writings of Calvin and in the registers of the Parlement of Paris as early as 1552.

Oecolampadius was not a great theologian, like Luther, Zwingli or Calvin, and yet he was a trusted theological leader.

He did not minutely analyse the doctrine of predestination as Luther, Calvin and Zwingli did, contenting himself with the summary "Our Salvation is of God, our perdition of ourselves."

Other prominent reformers, amongst them Coverdale, sought refuge in Geneva, the town of Calvin and Beza, where they employed their enforced leisure in planning and carrying out a new revision of the Bible.

The first fruits of these labours was a New Testament issued in June 1557, with an introduction by Calvin, probably the work of William Whittingham.

He studied theology under Calvin and Beza at Geneva and, returning to the Netherlands in 1560, threw himself energetically into the cause of the Reformation, taking an active part in the compromise of the nobles in 1565 and the assembly of St Trond.

Calvin sandstone 145 240

At the time of the Reformation, the reformers, with their strong sense of the crucial importance of faith, emphasized the action of the individual in the service, and therefore laid it down as a rule that confirmation should be deferred till the child could learn a catechism on the fundamentals of the Christian faith, which Calvin thought he might do by the time he was ten.

For some years he was busy travelling in the Levant in the interests of his order, but a perusal of Calvin's Institutes revived his heretical tendencies, and he was condemned to be burnt.

She received Clement Marot and Calvin at her court, and finally embraced the reformed religion.

The view of Zwingli and Calvin in the 16th century was not by any means acceptable to other reformers.

Wolmar, who had taught Greek to Calvin, grounded Beza in Scripture from a Protestant standpoint; after his return to Germany (1534) Beza studied law at Orleans (May 1535 to August 1539), beginning practice in Paris (1539) as law licentiate.

A severe illness wrought a change; he married his mistress, Claude Desnoz, and joined the church of Calvin at Geneva (October 1548).

In November 1549 he was appointed Greek professor at Lausanne, where he acted as Calvin's adjutant in various publications, including his defence of the burning of Servetus, De Haereticis a civili magistrate puniendis (1554).

On Calvin's death (1564) he became his biographer and administrative successor.

As a historian, Beza, by his chronological inexactitude, has been the source of serious mistakes; as an administrator, he softened the rigour of Calvin.

After the Reformation, however, it was adopted by Calvin and his followers, who created that system which has ever since been known as Presbyterianism.

William Godwin was educated for his father's profession at Hoxton Academy, where he was under Andrew Kippis the biographer and Dr Abraham Rees of the Cyclopaedia, and was at first more Calvinistic than his teachers, becoming a Sande manian, or follower of John Glas, whom he describes as "a celebrated north-country apostle who, after Calvin had damned ninety-nine in a hundred of mankind, has contrived a scheme for damning ninety-nine in a hundred of the followers of Calvin."

The distinction of a permanent and a transitory element in the law of the Sabbath is found, not only in Luther and Melanchthon, but in Calvin and other theologians of the Reformed church.

The second portion, dealing with reform in the time of Calvin, was not less thorough, and had a subject hitherto less exhaustively treated, but it did not meet with the same success.

In the hands of the ministers a Calvinism more Calvinistic than Calvin's was the bitter foe of freedom of life, of conscience, and of religious tolerance.

He repeatedly expressed an admiration for Calvin's writings on the subject of the sacrament; and Melanchthon believed that if the Swiss accepted Calvin's theory of the Supper, the Wittenberg Concord could be extended to include them.

But the Consensus Tigurinus, which dates the adhesion of the Swiss to the views of Calvin, was not signed until 1549, when Luther was already dead.

In youth he travelled, studying at Venice and Padua, and at Geneva coming under the influence of the reformed faith as represented by Calvin.

Basnage had welcomed the revival of the Protestant church due to the zeal of Antoine Court; but he assured the regent that no danger of active resistance was to be feared from it, and, true to the principles of Calvin, he denounced the rebellion of the Camisards in his Instructions pastorales aux Reformes de France sur l'obeissance due aux souverains (Paris, 1720), which was printed by order of the court and scattered broadcast in the south of France.

Calvin, a French student of Picard origin, created the type of Protestantism to which the majority of French Huguenots adhered.

See Calvin Colton, The Works of Henry Clay (6 vols., New York, 1857; new ed., 7 vols., New York, 1898), the first three volumes of which are an account of Clay's "Life and Times"; and Carl Schurz, Henry Clay (2 vols., Boston, 1887), in the "American Statesmen" series.

This peculiar doctrine of grace and free-will was adopted by Amyraut, Cappel, Bochart, Daille and others of the more learned among the Reformed ministers, who dissented from Calvin's.

The quarter-centenary of the birth of Calvin occurring at the time of the Church assemblies of 1909 brought the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church assembly together for a memorial service in St Giles's; and a committee on union, consisting of 105 representatives from each assembly, was appointed.

In his first year abroad he consulted Calvin and Bullinger as to the right of the civil "authority" to prescribe religion to his subjects - in particular, whether the godly should obey "a magistrate who enforces idolatry and condemns true religion," and whom should they join "in the case of a religious nobility resisting an idolatrous sovereign."

In planning it he seems to have used his acquaintance with the "Ordonnances" of the Genevan Church under Calvin, and with the "Forma" of the German Church in London under John.

Here the Bohemian profession agreed with the views of Calvin rather than with those of Luther.

There is also in existence a letter of Calvin, dated 1 533, in which he speaks of Pantagruel, but not of Gargantua, as having been condemned as an obscene book.

At the Reformation the Augustinian position was accepted by both Luther and Calvin.

Calvin's view is the same as Augustine's.

These doctrines, although in harmony with the prevailing feeling of the Roman Catholic Church of the period, and further recommended by their marked opposition to the teachings of Luther and Calvin,excited violent controversy in some quarters, especially on the part of the Dominicans, and at last rendered it necessary for the pope (Clement VIII.) to interfere.

While he expressed dissatisfaction with some of Calvin's earlier writings, he approved of the Consensus Tigurinus negotiated in 1549 between the Zwinglians and Calvinists of Switzerland; and it was this form of religion that he laboured to spread in England against the wishes of Cranmer, Ridley, Bucer, Peter Martyr and other more conservative theologians.

Certainly the most able metaphysician and the most influential religious thinker of America, he must rank in theology, dialectics, mysticism and philosophy with Calvin and Fenelon, Augustine and Aquinas, Spinoza and Novalis; with Berkeley and Hume as the great English philosophers of the 18th century; and with Hamilton and Franklin as the three American thinkers of the same century of more than provincial importance.

In the Reformed Church, on the other hand, the influence of Calvin had made less for doctrine than the practical formation of Christian life.

The strong Protestantism of Elizabeths reign had assumed a distinctly Calvinistic form, and the country gentlemen who formed the majority of the House of Commons were resolutely determined that no other theology than that of Calvin should be taught in England.

In Calvin, indeed,, the Reformed 2 theology possessed a master of system.

Yet, in contrast with the doctrine usually ascribed to Ulrich Zwingli, Calvin teaches that grace does come through sacraments; but then, nothing comes beyond the fruits of faith; from which grace all salvation springs 1 Roman Catholic scholars naturally hold that Paul was misconstrued, but they cannot deny that Protestant theology was directly a version and interpretation of Paulinism.

Zwingli and Calvin, developing a hint of Hus, introduce a distinction between the visible and the invisible Church which Melanchthon repudiates but later Lutheranism adopts.

Complaints against that theology may be quoted from early writings of every Reformer, even Calvin.

He was also - like Calvin, if on more narrowly common-sense lines - an admirable exegete.

This new quasi-monophysitism disinclined the Lutherans to make much of Christ's humanity, while the Reformed, partly from the scholarly tradition of Calvin, partly from a polemical motive, laid great emphasis on the manhood.

His father, Gerard Cauvin or Calvin,' was a notary-apostolic and procuratorfiscal for the lordship of Noyon, besides holding certain ecclesiastical offices in connexion with that diocese.

Of Calvin's early years only a few notices remain.

The plague having visited Noyon, the young Hangests were sent to Paris in August '523, and Calvin accompanied them, being enabled to do so by the income received from his benefice.

From the College de la Marche he removed to the College de Montaigu, 2 where the atmosphere was more ecclesiastical and where he had for instructor a Spaniard who is described as a man of learning and to whom Calvin was indebted for some sound training in dialectics and the scholastic philosophy.

After holding this preferment for nearly two years, he exchanged it in July 1529 for the cure of Pont L'Eveque, a village 1 The family name of Calvin seems to have been written indifferently Cauvin, Chauve, Chauvin, Calvus, Calvinus.

In his letters written in French he usually signs himself "Jean Calvin."

But though the career of ecclesiastical preferment was thus early opened to him, Calvin was destined not to become a priest.

The university atmosphere here was less ascetic than at Paris, but Calvin's ardour knew no slackening, and such was his progress in legal knowledge that he was frequently called upon to lecture, in the absence of one or other of the regular staff.

From Orleans Calvin went to Bourges in the autumn of 1529 to continue his studies under the brilliant Italian, Andrea Alciati (1492-1550), whom Francis I.

Though we cannot with Beza regard Calvin at this time as a centre of Protestant activity, he may well have preached at Lignieres as a reformatory Catholic of the school of Erasmus.

Calvin's own record of his "conversion" is so scanty and devoid of chronological data that it is extremely difficult to trace his religious development with any certainty.

It was at this time (April 1532) that Calvin issued his first publication, a commentary in Latin on Seneca's tract De Clementia.

This book he published at his own cost, and dedicated to Claude Hangest, abbot of St Eloi, a member of the de Montmor family, with whom Calvin had been Calv.

It was formerly thought that Calvin published this work with a view to influence the king to put a stop to the attacks on the Protestants, but there is nothing in the treatise itself or in the commentary to favour this opinion.

Soon after the publication of his first book Calvin returned to Orleans, where he stayed for a year, perhaps again reading law, and still undecided as to his life's work.

Calvin's old friend, Nicolas Cop, had just been elected rector of the university and had to deliver an oration according to custom in the church of the Mathurins, on the feast of All Saints.

The oration (certainly influenced but hardly composed by Calvin) was in effect a defence of the reformed opinions, especially of the doctrine of justification by faith alone.

An attempt was at the same time made to seize Calvin, but, being forewarned of the design by his friends, he also made his escape.

Calvin was now nearly twenty-five years of age, and in the ordinary way would have been ordained to the priesthood.

To this time belongs the story of the proposed meeting between Calvin and the Spanish reformer Servetus.

Calvin's movements at this time are difficult to trace, but he visited both Orleans and Poitiers, and each visit marked a stage in his development.

At Poitiers Calvin gathered round him a company of cultured and gentle men whom in private intercourse he influenced considerably.

The year 1534 was thus decisive for Calvin.

Here Calvin was welcomed by the band of scholars and theologians who had conspired to make that city the Athens of Switzerland, and especially by Oswald Myconius, the chief pastor, Pierre Viret and Heinrich Bullinger.

Under the aupices and guidance of Sebastian Minster, Calvin now gave himself to the study of Hebrew.

Calvin, indignant at the calumny which was thus cast upon the reformed party in France, hastily prepared for the press his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which he published "first that I might vindicate from unjust affront my brethren whose death was precious in the sight of the Lord, and, next, that some sorrow and anxiety should move foreign peoples, since the same sufferings threatened many."

The work was dedicated to the king, and Calvin says he wrote it in Latin that it might find access to the learned in all lands.'

Such an instance of maturity of mind and of opinion at so early an age would be remarkable under any circumstances; but in Calvin's case it is rendered peculiarly so by the shortness of the time which had elapsed since he gave himself to theological studies.

After a short visit (April 1536) to the court of Renee, duchess of Ferrara (cousin to Margaret of Navarre), which at that time afforded an asylum to several learned and pious fugitives from persecution, Calvin returned through Basel to France to arrange his affairs before finally taking farewell of his native country.

Calvin at first declined, alleging as an excuse his need of securing more time for personal improvement, but ultimately, believing that he was divinely called to this task and that "God had stretched forth His hand upon me from on high to arrest me," he consented to remain at Geneva.

Calvin was in his twenty-eighth year when he was thus constrained to settle at Geneva; and in this city the rest of his life, with the exception of a brief interval, was spent.

To obviate the evils thence resulting, Calvin, in union with Farel, drew up a condensed statement of Christian doctrine consisting of twenty-one articles.

This the citizens were summoned, in parties of ten each, to profess and swear to as the confession of their faith - a process which, though not in accordance with modern notions of the best way of establishing men in the faith, was gone through, Calvin tells us, "with much satisfaction."

Deeply convinced of the importance of education for the young, Calvin and his coadjutors were solicitous to establish schools throughout the city, and to enforce on parents the sending of their children to them; and as he had no faith in education apart from religious training, he drew up a catechism of Christian doctrine which the children had to learn whilst they were receiving secular instruction.

About the same time also, the peace of Calvin and his friends was much disturbed and their work interrupted by Pierre Caroli, another native of northern France, who, though a man of loose principle and belief, had been appointed chief pastor at Lausanne and was discrediting the good work done by Pierre Viret in that city.

Calvin went to Viret's aid and brought Caroli before the commissioners of Bern on a charge of advocating prayers for the dead as a means of their earlier resurrection.

Amidst much party strife Calvin perhaps showed more youthful impetuosity than experienced skill.

These Calvin regarded as matters of indifference, provided the magistrates did not make them of importance, by seeking to enforce them; and he was the more willing to concede them, because he hoped thereby to meet the wishes of the Bernese brethren whose ritual was less simple than that established by Farel at Geneva.

Calvin and Farel betook themselves, under these circumstances, to Basel, where they soon after separated, Farel to go to Neuchatel and Calvin to Strassburg.

In her Calvin found, to use his own words, "the excellent companion of his life," a "precious help" to him amid his manifold labours and frequent infirmities.

During Calvin's absence disorder and irreligion had prevailed in Geneva.

An attempt was made by Cardinal Jacopo Sadoleto (1477-1547), bishop of Carpentras, to take advantage of this so as to restore the papal supremacy in that district; but this design Calvin, at the request of the Bernese authorities, who had been consulted by those of Geneva, completely frustrated, by writing such a reply to the letter which the bishop had addressed to the Genevese, as constrained him to desist from all further efforts.

It was whilst he was still at Strassburg that there appeared at Geneva a translation of the Bible into French, bearing Calvin's name, but in reality only revised and corrected by him from the version of Olivetan.

Farel was retained by the Neuchatelois, and Viret, soon after Calvin's return, removed to Lausanne.

It is only necessary here to sketch the leading events of Calvin's life after his return to Geneva.

Calvin replied to him in a work published in 1543, in which he defends his own opinions at length, both by general reasonings and by an appeal to both Scripture and the Fathers, especially Augustine.

So potent were his reasonings that Pighius, though owing nothing to the gentleness or courtesy of Calvin, was led to embrace his views.

Being a zealous opponent of predestinarian views, he expressed his criticisms of Calvin's teaching on the subject in one of the public conferences held each Friday.

Calvin replied with much vehemence, and brought the matter before the civil authorities.

The council were at a loss which course to take; not that they doubted which of the disputants was right, for they all held by the views of Calvin, but they were unable to determine to what extent and in which way Bolsec should be punished for his heresy.

The question was submitted to the churches at Basel, Bern, Zurich and Neuchatel, but they also, to Calvin's disappointment, were divided in their judgment, some counselling severity, others gentle measures.

In the end Bolsec was banished from Geneva; he ultimately rejoined the Roman communion and in 1577 avenged himself by a particularly slanderous biography of Calvin.

He wished to enter the preaching ministry but was excluded by Calvin's influence because he had criticized the inspiration of the Song of Solomon and the Genevan interpretation of the clause "he descended into hell."

But the most memorable of all the controversies in which Calvin was engaged was that into which he was brought in 1553 with [[Michael Servetus]].

He was recognized in church and soon after, at Calvin's instigation, arrested.

The cause of Servetus was taken up by Calvin's Genevan foes headed by Philibert Berthelier, and became a test of the relative strength of the rival forces and of the permanence of Calvin's control.

There is the fact also that Calvin used his endeavour to have the sentence which had been pronounced against Servetus mitigated, death by burning being regarded by him as an "atrocity," for which he sought to substitute death by the sword.

When, however, it is remembered that the unanimous decision of the Swiss churches and of the Swiss state governments was that Servetus deserved to die; that the general voice of Christendom was in favour of this; that even such a man as Melanchthon affirmed the justice of the sentence; 3 that an eminent English divine of the next age should declare the process against him "just and honourable," 4 and that only a few voices here and there were at the time raised against it, many will be ready to accept the judgment of Coleridge, that the death of Servetus was not "Calvin's guilt especially, but the common opprobrium of all European Christendom."

Calvin was also involved in a protracted and somewhat vexing dispute with the Lutherans respecting the Lord's Supper, which ended in the separation of the evangelical party into the two great sections of Lutherans and Reformed, - the former holding that in the eucharist the body and blood of Christ are objectively and consubstaritially present, and so are actually partaken of by the communicants, and the latter that there is only a virtual presence of the body and blood of Christ, and consequently only a spiritual participation thereof through faith.

His attempts to carry out these views brought him into collision both with the authorities and with the populace, - the latter being not unnaturally restive under the restraints imposed upon their liberty by the vigorous system of church discipline, and the former being inclined to retain in their own hands a portion of that power in things spiritual which Calvin was bent on placing exclusively in the hands of the church rulers.

This institution was in a sense Calvin's crowning work.

Amidst these multitudinous cares and occupations, Calvin found time to write a number of works besides those provoked by the various controversies in which he was engaged.

The incessant and exhausting labours to which Calvin gave himself could not but tell on his fragile constitution.

Calvin was of middle stature; his complexion was somewhat pallid and dark; his eyes, to the latest clear and lustrous, bespoke the acumen of his genius.

Though Calvin built his theology on the foundations laid by earlier reformers, and especially by Luther and Bucer, his peculiar gifts of learning, of logic and of style made him pre-eminently the theologian of the new religion.

Even the churches which trace their descent from Calvin's work and faith no longer hold in their entirety his views on the magistrate as the preserver of church purity, the utter depravity of human nature, the non-human character of the Bible, the dealing of God with man.

The bulk of the writings was published in English by the Calvin Translation Society (48 vols., Edinburgh, 1843-1855); the Institutes have often been translated.

Each of these contains a useful bibliography, as also does the excellent life by Professor Williston Walker, John Calvin, the Organizer of Reformed Protestantism, " Heroes of the Reformation" series (1906).

At Berlin Jablonski worked hard to bring about a union between the followers of Luther and those of Calvin; the courts of Berlin, Hanover, Brunswick and Gotha were interested in his scheme, and his principal helper was the philosopher Leibnitz.

In March 1548 he was at Frankfort, when the new English Order of Communion reached him; he at once translated it into German and Latin and sent a copy to Calvin, whose wife had befriended Coverdale at Strassburg.

Calvin, however, does not seem to have approved of it so highly as Coverdale.

Such doctrines have a marked analogy to those of Calvin; but in many ways Jansen differed widely from the Protestants.

Both his father and his mother, he tells us, were "earnest followers of Calvin," but he himself "could never swallow that hard doctrine."

Baum (1809-1878), and after their death alone, he edited the monumental edition of Calvin's works (38 vols., 1863 ff.).

On the 11th, two fishermen, Charles Hickson & calvin Parker were apparently abducted at Pascagoula, MS.

The phrase penal substitutionary atonement is normally applied to the restatement of this by John Calvin.

Calvin (Ice Cube) is running the barbershop started by his late father.

Do not bluster about dead theology or throw Calvin's name around in derision, just read the words themselves in the Bible.

Another important figure of the 16th century reformation was John Calvin.

Luther and Calvin both clearly affirmed baptismal regeneration on a number of occasions.

He glances down at his Omega Seamaster watch and peers over his Calvin Klein faux tortoiseshell glasses at the closed door to the boardroom.

A rude variety of the game occurs in Italy, and, as we have seen, John Calvin played it in Geneva, where John Evelyn also noticed it in 1646.

Calvin's refusal to administer the sacrament, for which he was banished from Geneva, is important as a matter of ecclesiastical history, because it is the essence of the whole system which he subsequently introduced.

It would be difficult to exaggerate the influence of Calvin upon French Protest antism.

His Christianae religionis institutio became Calvin' s g 'Inf uen ' a standard round which his countrymen rallied in the work and battle of the Reformation.

Calvin, on the other hand, laid stress on the principle of the utmost simplicity in public worship; at Geneva the traditional vestments were absolutely abolished, and the Genevan model was followed by the Calvinistic or "Reformed" Churches throughout Europe.

The letter bears no sign of dictation by Calvin (who must, however, have furnished the enclosed sheet), and de Trye's part may be explained by an old grudge of his against the Lyons booksellers.

The effort to get at and abide by the literal sense is characteristic of Calvin's extensive exegetical works.

In France, after Calvin's day, the Reformed church used besides Calvin's book the catechisms of Louis Capell (1619), and Charles Drelincourt (1642), and at the present time Bonnef on's Nouveau Catechisme elementaire (14th ed., 1900) seems most in favour.

But theologians in the West had elaborated a theory of the grace of confirmation, which made its severance from baptism seem natural; and at the time of the Reformation, while neither side favoured the Eastern practice, the reformers, with their strong sense of the crucial importance of faith, emphasized the action of the individual in the service, and therefore laid it down as a rule that confirmation should be deferred till the child could learn a catechism on the fundamentals of the Christian faith, which Calvin thought he might do by the time he was ten.

Election, as a special form of selection, is naturally a loose term covering many subjects; but except in the theological sense (the doctrine of election), as employed by Calvin and others, for the choice by God of His " elect," the legal sense (see Election, in law, below), and occasionally as a synonym for personal choice (one's own " election "), it is confined to the selection by the preponderating vote of some properly constituted body of electors of one of two or more candidates, sometimes for admission only to some private social position (as in a club), but more particularly in connexion with public representative positions in political government.

Calvin impugned the saint's existence altogether, and Edward Reynolds (1599-1676),bishop of Norwich, like Edward Gibbon a century later, made him one with George of Laodicea, called " the Cappadocian," the Arian bishop of Alexandria (see [[George Of Laodicea]]).

Etiennes of Paris, equalling in numbers, and RePorma- learning their Venetian rivals; the two Scaligers; impas sioned Dolet; eloquent Muret; learned Cujas; terrible Calvin; Ramus, the intrepid antagonist of Aristotle; France De Thou and De Beze; ponderous Casaubon; brilliant young Saumaise.

In affirming the " inamissibility " of grace in the regenerate (not simply in the unknowable elect) Calvin went beyond Augustine, perhaps beyond Paul, certainly beyond the Epistle to the Hebrews, resolutely loyal to the logic of his non-sacramental theory of grace.

By Wolmar Calvin was taught Greek, and introduced to the study of the New Testament in the original, a service which he gratefully acknowledges in one of his printed works.'

To Calvin this notion appeared so pernicious that he composed a treatise in refutation of it, under the title of Psychopannychia.

After many struggles and no small suffering, this energetic spirit had succeeded in planting the evangelical standard at Geneva; and anxious to secure the aid of such a man as Calvin, he entreated him on his arrival to relinquish his design of going farther, and to devote himself to the work in that city.

Thus ended an affair which seems to have occasioned Calvin much more uneasiness than the character of his assailant, and the manifest falsehood of the charge brought against him, would seem to justify.

The austere simplicity of the ritual which Farel had introduced, and to which Calvin had conformed; the strictness with which the ministers sought to enforce not only the laws of morality, but certain sumptuary regulations respecting the dress and mode of living of the citizens; and their determination in spiritual matters and ecclesiastical ceremonies not to submit to the least dictation from the civil power, led to violent dissensions.

At the latter place Calvin resided till the autumn of 1541, occupying himself partly in literary exertions, partly as a preacher and especially an organizer in the French church, and partly as a lecturer on theology.

His first antagonist on this head was Albert Pighius, a Romanist, who, resuming the controversy between Erasmus and Luther on the freedom of the will, violently attacked Calvin for the views he had expressed on that subject.

That Calvin was actuated by personal spite and animosity against Servetus himself may be open to discussion; we have his own express declaration that, after Servetus was convicted, he used no urgency that he should be put to death, and at their last interview he told Servetus that he never had avenged private injuries, and assured him that if he would repent it would not be his fault if all the pious did not give him their hands.'

Calvin and Hobbes is art.

It 's so shocking to hear Calvin Klein want you for their new campaign.

Calvin Klein Body Hip Brief These close fitting hipsters have a low slung design, creating a trendy brief that... No reviews yet.

Calvin (Blair Underwood) is the star of a successful televising series that finishes of Trailer of Frontal Full.

This outlet mall offers a decent selection of stores such as Cole Haan, Movado and Calvin Klein, though its total store selection is about 50.

For example Calvin Klein offers an additional 10% off of your entire purchase and Perfumania offers $5 off a purchase of $50 or more.

Always a popular choice for the male population, Calvin Klein leads the way in men's fragrances.

A good example of how to take sexy pictures is to review the 1981 Calvin Klein jeans ad campaign featuring Brooke Shields.

Among these, Calvin Klein, Kenneth Cole and Tommy Hilfiger have agreed to go fur-free within the year, and DKNY will stop using raccoon dog fur.

If Calvin Klein and Donna Karen send all their models out in metallic hues, gold and silver are sure to be big this season.

A good example of this is the Guess Jeans and Calvin Klein ads.

Pants worn low and saggy became a nod to urban (and incarcerated) life, while sportswear enjoyed booming popularity, especially in the brands of Ralph Lauren, Nautica, and Calvin Klein.

Calvin Michaels' exclusive designs offer incredible taste and style.

You'll find plenty of well-known labels, including the likes of Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren.

Dr. Phil was born Phillip Calvin McGraw in Vinita, Oklahoma, on September 5, 1950.

In the first few years of her life, Lindsay performed in over 60 commercials and print advertisements for companies like JELL-O, Pizza Hut, Toys "R" Us, and Calvin Klein.

Snoop Dogg, orignially known as Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr., was born in Long Beach, California in the early seventies.

She appeared in ads for such high-profile companies as Calvin Klein, Levi's, and Coca-Cola.

In addition to acting he's also a model, and appears in several popular Calvin Klein underwear ads.

From the ages of 10-13, he modeled with Ford Models for Calvin Klein, Macy's and Ralph Lauren.

Edward Furlong has also tried his hand at modeling, appearing in ads for The Gap and Calvin Klein.

Available from Amazon.com, the Calvin Klein Denim Top and White Bermuda Shorts set is a fresh and fun look for the playground.

If you are looking for suit separate finery, look no further than Calvin Klein.

Calvin Klein is available in both fine department stores and also online at various retailers.

The official Web sites for hip designers like Tommy Hilfiger, Fossil, Diesel, Ralph Lauren or Calvin Klein will always have the absolute latest cool belts on offer.

The selection is enormous, with everything from Calvin Klein's Olive Un-constructed Cotton Coat ($59.99) to Hugo Boss's Orange Osmo Brushed Cotton Military Blazer ($69.99), and as you can see, the prices will also be easier on your wallet.

Calvin Klein Dress Shirt in Steel Purple is a fitted shirt that will be one of your favorites.

You can either make your own or check out Calvin Klein's Cut-offs.

Torre features more name-brand sportswear as well as casual attire, with athletic wear from companies like Roca and Champion as well as more stylish labels such as Calvin Klein and Coogi.

Calvin Klein is a popular brand for those who want to look fashionable and sophisticated.

Some items that are available from Calvin Klein include dress shirts, sweaters, pants, shorts, denim, suit separates, jackets and swimwear.

You can visit Calvin Klein's Store Locator and enter either your zip code or state to find a store near you.

Macy's carries suits and separates for plus size women from designers such as Jones New York, Tahari, Calvin Klein and AK Anne Klein.

Calvin Klein Plus Size Linen Blend One Button Jacket and Skirt is both chic and stylish.

For a look that mixes modern with classic, go to Bonton for Calvin Klein skinny jeans that are straight fitting, allowing you to wear them in a slightly more professional setting, should you choose.

You can choose a pair from brands such as Levi's, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger and Lauren by Ralph Lauren.

Calvin Klein has a nice collection of clothes appropriate for work and special occasions.

Browse the collection of popular brands like Calvin Klein, Elizabeth Arden, and Versace offered in both full and travel-sizes for either gender.

Don't wear prescription glasses but found a Calvin Klein frame you like?

If you've already got a pair of eyeglasses you like to wear, but need sun protection and something to cut the glare, consider some clip-ons from the Calvin Klein collection.

Once you start shopping and identifying yourself with brand name swimwear designers such as Calvin Klein, you'll likely find that individual designers remain fairly constant when it comes to the sizing of your suit.

If you were a size small in last year's Calvin Klein one piece, then you are likely to be a small in next year's models.

Purchasing a Calvin Klein swimsuit is a good idea if you love timeless styles cut into flattering shapes.

The look of a Calvin Klein swimsuit is probably pretty close to what you might imagine, particularly if you are familiar with the designer's classic style.

At Swim N Sport, you'll find several different styles of Calvin Klein's including one-piece swimsuits and two-piece bikinis.

One style that might be of particular interest is the Calvin Klein Core Solids Underwire 1 Pc.

When you think of Calvin Klein, Amazon.com may not be the first thing that you think of, but when you see the healthy selection of styles that are available at the site, you might change your mind.

Truth be told, Amazon has one of the largest collections of Calvin Klein styles, including looks that are a bit more difficult to find on other sites like that of the Women's Asymmetrical Twist Swimsuit.

If it's elegance you are after, then it's hard to go wrong when it comes to Calvin Klein's various swim designs.

Calvin Klein may be most famous for jeans and casual wear, but this brand's swimwear and lingerie have also been making their mark.

With the clean, modern style that's so characteristic of the brand, Calvin Klein swimsuits are simple, stylish and flattering, and although made by a designer brand, they're priced at a rate that most people can afford.

Women aren't the only ones who can take advantage of Calvin Klein designer swimwear.

Calvin Klein has a range of swim shorts for men, but your guy may need to be fairly fashion-forward to take advantage of the designs.

If you want to coverup while at the beach, you can pick up one of Calvin Klein's tunic or dress-style coverups.

You'll find swimsuits by Calvin Klein in most good department stores or specialty swimwear stores.

The Calvin Klein website may be the best place to start your search, but you can also find dedicated Calvin Klein stores (and even outlet stores, where you can buy the brand at discounted rates) at locations across the country.

Luckily, Calvin Klein's separates range allows you to mix and match to your heart's content.

These Calvin Klein black drawstring swim shorts are a simple and classic swim look.

From Calvin Klein to Juicy Couture, big name designers make a stop at Victoria's during the summer months, offering their best styles and designs.

Calvin Klein gives Victoria's Secret swimwear a boost, literally, with their push-up bra bikini tops.

Calvin Klein - This brand is classic American fashion, which also happens to feature one piece styles in primary and pastel shades.

Calvin Klein - The color palette for the pleated styles is considerably darker than other brands.

When designed by Calvin Klein, less is more.

Calvin Klein Long Cross Back Dress is simply stunning.

Brands such as Jones New York, Calvin Klein and Theory are excellent starting points; you'll find myriad choices at reasonable, mid-range price points.

Brands like Elie Tahari, Suzi Chin, Adrianna Papell, Donna Ricco and Calvin Klein fill the racks at Nordstrom, and many of them are deeply discounted.

In that year, President Calvin Coolidge's wife, Grace Coolidge, allowed the D.C. public school district to put up a tree on the Ellipse, near the Washington Monument.

The classic Hepburn look has been over done, so unless you're wearing Calvin Klein to the affair, let your handbag be as exciting as your personality hopes to be!

This Calvin Klein shoe is a classic of its type.

Chambers worked as a model for Calvin Klein.

Married to Crystal for a time, Jason found her cheating on him and set her up so that Sookie and Calvin would catch her.

If you're preparing for your first bodybuilding contest, or you're nursing a hope of becoming the next Calvin Klein model, this is the workout program for you.

Calvin Klein, Jockey, Hugo Boss and Tommy Hilfiger are some of the quality brands available.

Calvin Klein boxers are comfortable and stylish undergarments for men.

Calvin Klein is a Bronx native and graduate of New York's Fashion Institute of Technology.

His career began in 1968 when he founded Calvin Klein Ltd, a coat shop in New York CIty's York Hotel.

Calvin Klein boxers, or "Calvins" as they are known by, stormed the market in the early 1990s with his trademark controversial advertisements that featured the lesser-known Mark Walberg.

These television and print ads were provocative and catapulted Calvin Klein boxers, as well as Walberg, into the stratosphere.

Since that time, Calvin Klein has gone on to not only produce high-quality men's and women's lingerie, but has also launched many successful clothing lines and perfumes.

Calvin Klein's approach to clothing design is simplicity at its distinctive best, and his boxers are no exception.

Calvin Klein also offers a low-rise brief, which have every bit of the feel of a classic brief, but sit lower on the hips.

Calvin Klein has been designing clothing of exceptional quality for 39 years and his tradition of distinctive simplicity and attention to detail extends to his line of undergarment products.

Women are on the lookout for the Calvin Klein wide bra strap bra for a number of different reasons.

Though Calvin Klein entered the world of fashion design by opening his own business in 1968, Klein did not venture into the underwear business until the 1980's.

Many women remain ardent fans of Calvin Klein's underwear and bras.

When Calvin Klein's first line of bras came out, they leaned more toward being pretty rather than being very functional.

Full cup - Many of Calvin Klein's other bras feature the smaller demi cup design.

Calvin Klein offers a few other wider strapped bras, with straps that are a bit more narrow than the Perfectly Fit Wide Strap bra, but not quite as narrow as his other lines.

Oddly enough, the Perfectly Fit series of bras are not offered on Calvin Klein's official website.

Women who have purchased the Calvin Klein wide bra strap bras have been extremely happy with the fit and comfort level and have purchased a number of the Calvin Klein Perfectly Fit wide strap bra in different colors.

Women are on the lookout for the Calvin Klein wide strap bras for a number of different reasons.

Women who have purchased the Calvin Klein wide strap bras have been extremely happy with the fit and comfort level and have purchased a number of the Calvin Klein Perfectly Fit wide strap bra in different colors.