Breeders Sentence Examples

The gene mutated accidently, but once noticed, breeders bred for it.

The state helps to improve the breeds by placing choice stallions at the disposal of private breeders at a low tariff.

It is hardly necessary to say that the Shire Horse Society has never received a penny of public money, nor has any other of the voluntary breeders' societies.

Other cattle societies, all well caring for the interest of their respective breeds, are the Shorthorn Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Lincolnshire Red Shorthorn Association, the Hereford Herd Book Society, the Devon Cattle Breeders' Society, the South Devon Herd Book Society, the Sussex Herd Book Society, the Longhorned Cattle Society, the Red Polled Society, the English Guernsey Cattle Society, the English Kerry and Dexter Cattle Society, the Welsh Bla.

In the case of sheep the National Sheep Breeders' Association looks after the interests of flockmasters in general, whilst most of the pure breeds are represented also by separate organizations.

The Hampshire Down Sheep Breeders' Association may be taken as a type of the latter, its principal object being to encourage the breeding of Hampshire Down sheep at home and abroad, and to maintain the purity of the breed.

Other sheep societies include the Leicester Sheep Breeders' Association, the Cotswold Sheep Society, the Lincoln Longwool Sheep Breeders' Association, the Oxford.

The interests of pig-breeders are the care of the National Pig Breeders' Association, in addition to which there exist the British Berkshire, the Large Black Pig, and the Lincoln CurlyCoated White Pig Societies, and the Incorporated Tamworth Pig Breeders' Association.

The effect was to reduce to a minimum the risk of the introduction of disease amongst the herds and flocks of the country, and at the same time to confine the trade in store stock exclusively to the breeders of Great Britain and Ireland.

When amongst the litter of a properly mated, highly bred fox-terrier, pups are found with long bodies and thick short legs and feet, breeders are disposed to excuse the result by the supposition that the bitch has been contaminated by some earlier mating.

The rearing of these animals requires much patience and skill, in which no one has been able to match the Indian breeders of the Andean plateaus.

The monks are stigmatized as pedants who would destroy the joy of life on earth, who are avaricious, dissolute and the breeders of eternal dissensions and squabbles.

Most of the varieties, however, of which no fewer than twenty-seven were recognized by French breeders so early as the beginning of the 18th century, differ merely in the colour and the markings of the plumage.

It is the female canary which is almost invariably employed in crossing, as it is difficult to get the females of the allied species to sit on the artificial nest used by breeders.

Co-operation of the two factors appears to supply a causal theory of the occurrence of evolution; the suggestion of their co-operation and the comparison of the possible results with the actual achievements of breeders in producing varieties were the features of Charles Darwin's theoretical work which made it a new beginning in the science of biology, and which reduced to insignificance all earlier work on the theory of evolution.

Breeders, he says, who try to build up qualities by the selection of the fluctuating variations that occur soon find that they reach a maximum beyond which their efforts fail, unless they turn to the more rarely occurring but heritable mutations.

Important influences in the agricultural development of the state have been the formation of Farmers' Institutes, organized in 1895, a Corn Breeders' Association in 1898, and the introduction of fertilizers, the use of which in 1899 was nearly seven times the amount in 1889, and the study of soils, carried on by the State Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture.

Until recent years the supposed inheritance of characters acquired by a dam from one or more of her former mates was usually designated by breeders "throwing back"; by physiologists, "infection of the germ," or simply "infection."

Whatever may have been the views of stockowners in the remote past, it is certain that during the middle ages the belief in "infection" was common amongst breeders, and that during the last two centuries it met with the general approval of naturalists, English breeders being especially satisfied of the fact that the offspring frequently inherited some of their characters from a former mate of the dam, while both English and Continental naturalists (apparently without putting the assertions of breeders to the test of experiment) accounted for the "throwing back" by saying the germ cells of the dam had been directly or indirectly "infected" by a former mate.

If a mare or other female animal is liable to be "infected" by her first or by subsequent mates, telegony will rank as a cause of variation, and breeders will be justified in believing (1) that pure-bred females are liable to be "corrupted" when mated with sires of a different breed; and (2) that inferior or cross-bred females, if first mated with a high-class sire, will thereafter produce superior offspring, however inferior or cross-bred her subsequent mates.

If, on the other hand, "infection of the germ" is impossible, telegony will not count as a factor in variation, and breeders will no longer be either justified in regarding mares and other female animals as liable to be "corrupted" by ill-assorted unions, or benefited by first having offspring to a high-class, or it may be more vigorous, mate.

Though, according to breeders, evidence of telegony has been found in nearly all the different kinds of domestic mammals and birds, most stress has been laid on instances of "infection" in the horse and dog families.

In all these establishments, after two or three crossings of the mare and ass, the breeders cause the mare to be put to a horse; yet a pure-bred foal has never been produced resembling either an ass or a mule."

In considering telegony it should perhaps be mentioned that some breeders not only believe the dam is liable to be "infected" by the sire, but also that the sire may acquire some of the characteristics of his mates.

This belief seems to be especially prevalent amongst breeders of cattle; but how, for example, a long-horned Highland bull, used for crossing with black hornless Galloway cows, could subsequently get Galloway-like calves out of pure Highland heifers it is impossible to imagine.

In conclusion, it may be pointed out that it was only natural for breeders and physiologists in bygone days to account for some of their results by the "infection" hypothesis.

For this reason it has been the breed most in favour with breeders in all parts of the world for mating with Merino ewes and their crosses.

Despite all the efforts of the breeders and of the government, a decline has gone on not only in horse-rearing, but also in other classes of livestock since 1865.

Since the formation of the Brood Mare Society mares have come within the sphere of influence of the three bodies, and well-conceived inducements are offered to breeders to retain their young mares at home.

This record of height, with other particulars as to breeding, &c., serves to direct breeders in their choice of sires and dams. The standard of height established by the Hackney Horse Society was accepted and officially recognized by the Royal Agricultural Society in 1889, when the prize-list for the Windsor show contained pony classes for animals not exceeding 14 hands.

So we should be bringing forward plans for a National Gene Bank so that breeders can re-establish bloodlines of specially bred livestock.

There was also wholehearted agreement for the establishment of whole chain beef assurance covering dairy calf and suckled calf breeders as well as finishers.

The Secretaries of each Club should be able to recommend breeders who maybe have puppies available or who are expecting a litter.

Thus, this article will not be of interest to experienced breeders with a good knowledge.

To date it has not been proven to be heritable, however knowledgeable breeders recommend that it be presumed to be heritable.

Good guinea pig or cavy breeders will take the time to make sure you understand what keeping guinea pigs involves.

The majority of members in the MV accreditation scheme are pedigree breeders who sell quality, healthy breeding stock at premium prices.

In the case of the color genes of interest to budgerigar breeders, the effects of most single color influencing genes is dramatic.

I would also appreciate any info regarding chinchilla breeders in/near London.

For years, breeders have used " mutation breeding " to develop new varieties.

Many breeders of larger dogs no longer feed puppy chow.

Because of the superior quality of the dilute to the clearwing many clearwing breeders find the dilute of valuable asset in their breeding program.

I did inadvertently commentate on the Breeders Cup Classic (that Cigar won) because the commentary line went down.

At the same time breeders with a slightly different type of Welsh pig were winning awards in the Show ring.

The resistant genotypes produced will be used by potato breeders.

We are USDA Licensed Breeders and sell a complete line of sugar glider cages, accessories food and toys.

This beautifully illustrated hardback would be ideal for breeders to give with their puppy sales.

The three smaller Stercorarius species which occur in the area are all northern breeders which pass through the area on autumn migration.

Most breeders of Australian parakeets will be able to advise the beginner with dietary needs for the chosen species.

Many breeders today, use Bengalese Finches as foster parents.

Many breeders have successfully revived kits that have appeared to be stillborn - and it is always worth giving it a try.

Some breeders prefer to have the entire flight covered with a plastic corrugated roof.

For example, northern breeders including skuas funnel through the English Channel into the North Sea on the way to their breeding grounds.

Monsanto believes this addition to the collection will benefit plant breeders in their efforts to develop new soybeans for producers.

What sort of food do the breeders feed captive bread tortoises?

Pigs, being prolific breeders, fluctuate more widely in numbers than cattle or sheep, for the difference of 1, 49 8, 55 2 in their case represents one-third of the highest total, whereas the difference is less than one-seventh for horses, less than one-sixth for cattle, and less than one-fifth for sheep. The [[Table Xii]].-Numbers of Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Pigs in the United Kingdom.

The frequency with which even the most highly cultivated strains produce degenerate offspring is notorious, and is probably the reason for the profound belief in telegonic action asserted by most breeders.

Suckled calf breeders can make future herd management easier if they continue to build up the number of cows born after July 1996.

In the case of lions, the breeders usually remove the cubs when they are three-four days old.

Keep in mind that responsible breeders don't advertise in the newspaper, or sell their animals in pet stores.

Breeders usually maintain a record of what shots were given and when.

Feline USA has a wealth of information on cats and breeders in the USA.

However, rescue organizations are less likely to have puppies, while puppies are exactly what breeders specialize in.

There are several guides to breeders and rescue organizations on the Internet.

Breeders USA is a great place to find information on breeders and on various dog breeds.

Bird breeders are the main source of exotic birds since importing of them from foreign countries has been restricted over recent years due to risk of endangering many species.

Many of these types of breeders wholesale them to bird marts, pet stores and individuals.

Since these breeders have so many of these birds, it's hard to imagine that they could spend too much time and care with all of them.

This is not to say that commercial breeders do not care for their bird's health, well being etc, it just may result in a bird that may be difficult to bond with.

I prefer individual breeders to the commercial ones due to their personal touch.

These stores are mostly supplied with birds from breeders anyway, so they are more like a middleman.

You'll learn more about breeders and get info from veterinary specialists to help care for your cat.

For purebred breeders, this is an undesirable trait and is reason for disqualification at a Cat Fanciers Association show.

However, there are breeders that are trying to keep the polydactyl trait alive in the breed for historical reasons, and the resulting litters are not shown.

Many shelters, pet stores and breeders will have already started a kitten on his or her first set of shots, but it is the responsibility of the owner to follow up.

Once you have picked out your new cat or kitten, it is wise to bring a small blanket to play with your new cat at the breeders or the rescue center.

All things considered, most breeders will wait until a female is at least one year of age before breeding.

Siamese are always in demand, and breeders sometimes don't have any young kittens to offer.

Breeders also refer to this type as "apple heads," "classic" or "old-style".

Breeders commonly refer to this type as "wedges."

LoveToKnow Cats did our own search for Siamese breeders in and around Oregon and here are a few of the results we found.

It should be noted that many cat breeders are now rethinking which litter to use in their litter boxes these days.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Siamese breeders developed a very sleek cat with a long slender neck, body and tail, known as the Modern Siamese.

These cats became very popular with breeders and judges, replacing the rounder, heavier Traditional Siamese.

Breeders were selectively breeding the cats to exhibit unusual traits such as extreme tubular-looking bodies, long legs and a wedge-shaped head.

However, some breeders refused to selectively breed the cats, instead opting to retain the traditional look of long ago.

There are also breed rescues that you can contact and reputable breeders.

Since you will receive conflicting advice between veterinarians, breeders and pet supply store associates, it is important to have a few rules of thumb in mind when choosing a food for your cat.

There are many casual breeders of popular breeds, such as Siamese or Persians, who have not registered their litters with the Cat Fanciers Association (CFA).

There are a few breeders that enjoy being creative.

These breeders try to take the best traits from two different breeds and mix them together.

While most breeders take care to make sure the kittens they produce in their cattery are healthy, you should be aware of any health issues prevalent in each breed and have the kitten checked for these issues by a veterinarian.

One of the best ways to locate a non pedigree kitten is to ask other cat lovers in your area what is available and which breeders they know.

If you are looking for Siberian cat breeders, you may have trouble finding one in your area.

The following list of breeders will help you begin your search, but you must judge for yourself whether you want to do business with any ot them.

However, the spaying procedure is not without some controversy, and specific persons, such as cat breeders, cannot consider spaying as an option.

Some types of cat diseases are spread accidentally in catteries, unbeknownst to cat breeders.

A diagnosis is confirmed through antibody tests, and breeders can be asked by clients to provide test results before a kitten is placed in a new home.

However, many veterinarians and cat breeders advise against allowing domestic felines outside.

Many breeders' associations, including Cat Fanciers Association, consider the Himalayan to be a type of Persian called the color point Persian.

Don't hesitate to make appointments with some breeders so you can see these cats in person.

Although most cat experts and breeders agree that keeping your cat indoors is a much better decision for your pet's health and longevity; it's practically imperative in the case of aging cats.

Most breeders recommend avoiding the use of crystalline cat litter for gestating females because of the risk that the silica gel could come in contact with the newborn kittens.

Many breeders will not sell to customers who plan to keep their cats outdoors, so read your breeder contract carefully before making a purchase.

Breeders have a particularly difficult time naming their cats, mainly because each litter brings with it a horde of naming challenges.

When the first few litters arrive, breeders often choose a theme to help name the kittens and identify them as being from the same litter.

A Google search is the fastest, easiest way to find breeders near you if you don't know anyone with a Turkish Angora.

As part of this mission, the CFA offers guidance to breeders and training for show judges.

Breeders often show their animals in show circuitswith dozens to hundreds of other cats.

There's also a listing of dog clubs, trainers, breeders and kennels, canine health and care, and a section for teachers and students.

Breeders must meet certain professional standards to breed healthy puppies with good temperaments, and find nurturing homes for the animals in their care.

Learn what to expect from reputable dog breeders.

According to the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), reputable breeders will never sell a puppy to a pet store or conduct business in any situation that does not allow the potential owner to interact with the puppy before adoption.

Breeders of purebreds registered with an American Kennel Club (AKC) affiliated club have to meet certain professional standards of pet care for membership.

Breeders should be able to produce registry papers for all registered dogs.

The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is a good resource for tips on finding reputable breeders for all dogs, including mixed breeds.

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is also helpful for advice to find responsible breeders.

Backyard breeders is a term for inexperienced breeders who breed dogs often in their own home without the proper knowledge and techniques.

Whether these businesses are profit-driven puppy mills or well-intentioned backyard breeders, they can still produce poorly bred dogs with health and behavioral problems.

Reputable breeders always provide a written health guarantee policy to refund your money and take back the puppy if it is sick.

Overpopulation, due to irresponsible owners and breeders, is a major contributor to canine homelessness.

Breeders, on the other hand, are in the business for profit.

While there are reputable breeders, many are dishonest and will do anything to get top dollar for puppies with no regard for what happens to the dogs once they are sold.

A call to the local humane society or shelter can be useful, and veterinarians and breeders will also be able to direct guests to dog friendly areas.

Though responsible breeders are working hard to eliminate these health problems, instances of Canine Hip and Elbow Displasia still plague the breed.

Although, by definition, breeding is simply the act of allowing intact dogs to mate, responsible dog breeders realize there is so much more to dog breeding.

Responsible breeders care deeply about their animals as well as the betterment of the particular breed they choose to breed, and for this reason, they go to great lengths to produce next generation dogs that conform to strict standards.

Dog breeders choose to breed for a number of reasons, but those who care about the breed are likely to be more responsible in their breeding practices and in the placement of the dogs.

Typically breeders who breed specifically for conformation are very particular about the dogs they choose to breed.

In sports where speed and jumping abilities matter, dog breeders may choose to breed two dogs that excel in the sport, in the hopes that their offspring will also excel.

Dog breeders should place puppies in quality homes and should be willing to except back the dog at any time, for any reason.

Humane societies and breeders will often use qualified "foster parents" to administer to sick animals and prevent spreading the disease to other individuals.

The purpose of an AKC dog show is to provide a showcase for breeders and exhibitors to compare their stock against that of other breeders in order to raise the overall health and quality of dogs being bred.

Most dogs are confined to small cages, which don't promote the best sanitary conditions, and they receive little of the socialization that home bred puppies enjoy from their breeders.

Backyard breeders are generally pet owners who love their animals and enjoy having a couple of litters of puppies each year, which they sell to locals who come in answer to a newspaper add.

While these puppies may not meet the high standards of show breeders, they are generally well socialized and cared for, being raised in the home with the family.

Do backyard breeders contribute to pet overpopulation?

One thing is obvious, there is a world of difference between backyard breeders and puppy mills.

Heavy Duty 7-11 gauge wire crates are also commonly used by dog show exhibitors and breeders, although they do not meet shipping standards for airline use.

At LoveToKnow Dogs, all of our staff writers have backgrounds in various aspects of the dog world, from breeders and professional dog show handlers, to holistic dog practitioners.

Dog magazines list reputable dog breeders by breed and location, and you can visit breeders to see their facility before purchasing a pet.

Be sure to compare prices at several pet stores or breeders before agreeing on a price, to insure you are getting a competitive deal.

Many dog breeders and pet stores offer limited guarantees about the animal's health and may pay for necessary veterinarian visits for a limited time.

Whatever the case may be, their numbers have become sufficiently low for breeders to take an interest in ensuring the survival of these dogs.

Then indisciminant breeders seeking to get in on the gravy train begin acquiring specimens for mass breeding, in order to cash in while the popularity lasts.

The quality of the pups goes down as the numbers go up because these breeders are breeding for a quick cash return, not healthy pups of quality and type.

As soon as indiscriminant breeders started to flood the market, aberrations such as dwarfism in Toy Poodles appeared, along with a host of genetic problems that dedicated and diligent breeders are still trying to irradicate to this day.

Breeders often hang on to show prospects that don't quite pan out, and then they are faced with trying to find homes.

From its humble beginnings as a grocery store brand, to its current status as one of dog breeders' favorite feeds, the manufacturers of this kibble and canned dog food have been at the forefront of canine nutritional research.

Many top breeders have successfuly used line-breeding to establish a particular "look" to their line that still falls within their breed's standard.

Most breeders won't use a dog at stud until he's about one year old, and then use him very rarely that first year.

They utilize all the social networks to get the word out and largely depend on the owners and breeders of a particular breed to help out.

Breeders may choose to give formal kennel names to litters of puppies before they go to their new homes.

When you begin your search, you'll likely encounter a number of breeders who use the term "adopt" as a euphemism for "purchase", but the two words do have different meanings.

You will probably have to do a bit of sorting to separate the true rescue shelters from breeders hoping to profit from online sales.

Breeders deal with a resistant bitch in a couple of ways.

Sometimes breeders need to have some new puppy advice handy to help new owners make it through those first nights home.

Although breeders have made great strides with Chihuahua temperaments in the last 20 years, some of these dogs can still be antisocial and quite territorial to outsiders.

You may even find a kennel club in your town that can put you in touch with breeders who will mentor you as you learn.

Of nearly equal importance to dedicated breeders around the country, this show also awards the Breeder of the Year.

This is something of a lifetime achievement award that goes to seven breeders who each have made significant contributions to the overall well being of their chosen breed.

Ask ten different dog trainers, veterinarians and breeders about tug of war with your dog, and you're likely to get ten different answers.

Although they are frequently in contact with their breeders and trainers, they are never exposed to other breeds of dogs.

You can obtain a list of Great Pyrenees breeders in your area that are members of the Great Pyrenees Club of America.

Once you receive the list, call several of the breeders, talk to them about their dogs and the breed in general, and ask plenty of questions.

References should include previous puppy purchasers and other dog breeders.

Reputable dog breeders do not simply sell a dog to just anyone.

Good breeders want to ensure that their puppies are going to homes where they will be cared for properly.

Great Pyrenees breeders may also ask questions about what you expect from your future companion.

Buying a puppy from a reputable Pyrenees breeder safeguards you against unethical breeders that raise and sell puppies that may not be in the best of health.

Their products are widely recommended by veterinarians and breeders.

Be sure to ask breeders specific questions about any health issues in their lines, as well as what testing has been performed on the parents and grandparents of any litter under your consideration.

Legitimate breeders will be happy to share this information and glad to see you've done your homework.

The survivor stories make it abundantly clear that dogs from mills need more medical care for chronic health issues and training for behavioral issues than dogs from reputable breeders.

Do not purchase puppies or adult dogs from online breeders.

Educate all of your friends and family about dog mills and encourage them not to buy dogs from commercial breeders.

Taste of the Wild® dog food, manufactured by Diamond, is a pet food brand popular with owners and breeders alike.

One of the common complaints from dog owners and breeders across a broad range of dog breeds is skin allergies.

Revolution appears to be one of those medications that is used today among many breeders and owners with great success.

For breeders, this can be very disturbing because their precious PWD puppies have now become a trend instead of a life-long companion.

The Portuguese Water Dog Club of America has a wealth of information on the breed, its training and care, and on responsible breeders throughout the United States.

Expensive genetic blood testing is available, and serious breeders must test.

After dog fighting was outlawed in England in the 1800s, breeders started breeding a smaller companion dog.

This is why some breeders will not let their puppies leave until they are 12 to 16 weeks old.

The goal of reputable Miniature Labradoodle breeders is to develop a low allergy dog.

Breeders have begun a registry system, such as the Australian Labradoodle Association of America.

Although dog fighting may be illegal in most parts of the world, the popularity of the activity caused unscrupulous breeders to sell dogs that were overly aggressive.

Fiberglass is a popular choice among professional dog breeders, as well as with responsible pet owners who want to ensure that their beloved canines have a safe place to give birth.

Canine Review magazine is a great tool for breeders, groomers and pet owners alike.

The publication was originally designed to showcase breeds popular in Canada because the owners were interested in supporting their local breeders and dog owners.

Breeders can also learn to do this for themselves with the proper kit or equipment, but it's easier to rely on a veterinarian's expertise.

If you are considering adding an energetic and loyal Cavachon to the family, taking the time to find reputable Cavachon breeders will help you narrow the search for the perfect dog for your home.

Once you have determined that a Cavachon is the right type of dog for your family, finding reputable Cavachon breeders will be your next step, although this may not be as easy as one would like.

Unlike some mixed breeds, the Cavachon doesn't have a large number of certified breeders to choose from.

One of the best ways to find reputable Cavachon breeders is to ask current Cavachon owners.

Good breeders are more than happy to distance themselves from puppy mill operations and, as such, will gladly answer any questions a potential customer may have.

Quality breeders want to ensure that the individual or family is a good match for one of their dogs.

A Cavachon can make a lovable addition to just about any family, but taking the time to research the breed as well as its breeders is the most important thing you can do to ensure a healthy dog and a lifetime of loyal fun.

Although significantly less costly than pet shops or breeders, animal shelter do require fees for adoptions.

Some breeders market the dogs as "exotic" if the dogs are born with any traits outside of the breed standard.

Many breeders sell Pomeranians labeled as exotic for a higher price than Poms that meet the breed standard.

When adopting a Pomeranian puppy, research breeders carefully to make sure you get a reputable one.

Unfortunately some breeders may try to sell a sick dog as an exotic, such as marketing an unhealthy puppy that is small for its age as a tea cup size dog.

Poor breeding practices often produced poor quality dogs because back yard breeders and puppy mills are more concerned with profit than improving the breed.

Breeders sell ladybugs and praying mantis as natural bug predators.

Cattle must originate from breeders adhering to these same standards.

The American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) is the premier organization for domestic rabbit enthusiasts in North America and around the world.

Formed in the early 1900s, the American Rabbit Breeders Association maintains a mission "dedicated to the promotion, development, and improvement of the domestic rabbit and cavy (guinea pig)."

As a service organization, the ARBA is open to anyone interested in these domestic animals, including pet owners, pet shop retailers, rabbit breeders, commercial breeders and rabbit enthusiasts, even if they do not own a rabbit.

Anyone with an interest in rabbits and cavies is welcome to join the American Rabbit Breeders Association.

Punky, poppy, and fun, these California girls will sometimes remind your of The Breeders and sometimes remind you of Bikini Kill.

While they specialize in websites for dog and horse breeders, they are capable of completing any design.

Most of the leading breeds have clubs or societies, which have been founded by admirers with a view to furthering the interests of their favourites; and such combinations as the Bulldog Club (incorporated), the London Bulldog Society, the British Bulldog Club, the Fox Terrier Club, the Association of Bloodhound Breeders - under whose management the first man-hunting trials were held, - the Bloodhound Hunt Club, the Collie Club, the Dachshund Club, the Dandie Dinmont Terrier Club, the English Setter Club, the Gamekeepers' Association of the United Kingdom, the International Gun Dog League, the Irish Terrier Club, the Irish Wolfhound Club, the St Bernard Club, the National Terrier Club, the Pomeranian Club, the Spaniel Club, the Scottish Terrier Club and the Toy Bulldog Club have done good work in keeping the claims of the breeds they represent before the dogowning public and encouraging the breeding of dogs to type.