Abdominal Sentence Examples

Difference of opinion as to the nature of the abdominal appendages pre vails.

The fourth abdominal segment is often very large, and forms the greater part of the hind-body; this segment is markedly constricted at its basal (forward) end, where it is embraced by the small third segment.

The larvae have the three pairs of legs well developed, and the hinder abdominal segments swollen.

In Hemiptera only eleven and in Collembola only yolk, and that the mesenteric epithelium becomes reinforced by six abdominal segments have been detected.

Appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency found in children and young adults.

Deeper abdominal exercises - These exercises work on the deeper layers of muscles.

In addition, cefoxitin, a cephamycin, is highly active against anaerobic bacteria, which offers utility in treatment of abdominal infections.

When perforation occurs, abdominal pain becomes more intense and involves the whole abdominal area, and fever may be very high.

Although infants and children younger than two years may also have abdominal pain and other symptoms, they are too young to effectively communicate their symptoms to adults, who may then miss the symptoms of appendicitis.

Symptoms in combination that require a doctor's immediate attention include significant abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, swollen or bloated abdomen, and loss of appetite.

If abdominal pain begins before nausea and vomiting, rather than after, appendicitis rather than intestinal infection is more likely.

Imaging tests can include abdominal x rays, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT).

Abdominal pain is a common complaint in children, and making a timely diagnosis of appendicitis before perforation is often difficult.

In an open appendectomy, the appendix is removed through a standard abdominal incision.

The tenth abdominal segment carries strong, unjointed cerci, while the presence of reproductive armature on the second abdominal segment of the male is a character found in no other order of the Hexapoda.

Structurally the Neuroptera are distinguished by elongate feelers, a large, free prothorax, a labium with the inner lobes of the second maxillae fused together to form a median ligula, membranous, net-veined wings without hairy covering, those of the two pairs being usually alike, the absence of abdominal cerci, and the presence of six or eight Malpighian tubes.

They may be distinguished from the Neuroptera by the elongation of the head into a beak, the small prothorax, the narrow, elongate wings with predominantly longitudinal neuration, the presence of abdominal cerci and the cruciform larva.

The round ligament is a cord of unstriped muscle which runs from the lateral angle of its own side of the uterus forward to the internal abdominal ring, and so through the inguinal canal to the upper part of the labium majus.

There are usually three small ganglia on the course of this visceral commissure, namely, the right and left visceral ganglia and the abdominal.

The testes are inguinal or abdominal.

The teats vary in number from a single abdominal pair in the guinea-pig to six thoracico-abdominal pairs in the rats; while in the Octodontidae and Capromyidae they are placed high up on the sides of the body.

The testes are permanently abdominal.

The Acridiidae have the feelers and the ovipositor relatively short, and possess only three tarsal segments; their ears are situated on the first abdominal segment and the males stridulate by scraping rows of pegs on the inner aspect of the hind thigh, over the sharp edges of the forewing nervures.

The upper plumage generally is dark green, but the mantle and rump are crimson, as are a broad abdominal belt, the flanks and many crescentic markings on the otherwise yellow lower parts.

There is a compound abdominal sternum.

The larvae are aquatic, active, armed with strong sharp mandibles, and breathe by means of seven pairs of abdominal branchial filaments.

Both in this species and the slow loris there is a pair of rudimentary abdominal teats in addition to the normal pectoral pair.

Paired abdominal ribs are doubtful.

Even in external view, careful inspection will show that the body is divisible into four regions, namely, cephalic, atrial, abdominal and caudal.

The developing eggs are not carried about by the mother, but deposited in her subaqueous burrow, "where they are aerated by the currents of water produced by the abdominal feet of the parent."

Willem it appears that the viscid fluid which causes the adherence of the ventral tube is secreted by a pair of glands in the head whose ducts open into a superficial groove leading from the second maxillae backward to the tube on the first abdominal segment.

In most Collembola the spring appears to belong to the fifth abdominal somite, but Willem, by study of the muscles, has shown that it really belongs to the fourth.

The eversible sacs on the abdominal segments are shown, some protruded and some retracted.

These form a more powerful wave-bath, and in combination with intestinal irrigation, are used very successfully for the treatment of abdominal disorders.

In some abdominal conditions, for instance, opium is still preferred by the majority of practitioners, though certainly not in gastric cases, where morphine gives the relief for which opium often increases the need, owing to the irritant action of some of its constituents.

Taken in large doses nitrate of silver is a powerful poison, causing violent abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea with the development of gastro-enteritis.

T, telson, having the uropods or appendages of the last abdominal somite spread out on either side of it, forming the " tail-fan."

It is highly characteristic of the Malacostraca, however, that the trunk-limbs are divided into two sharply defined tagmata corresponding to the thoracic and abdominal regions respectively, the limit between the two being marked by the position of the male genital openings.

The thoracic limbs have the endopodites converted, as a rule, into more or less efficient walking-legs, and the exopodites are often lost, while the abdominal limbs more generally preserve the biramous form and are, in the more primitive types, natatory.

In the Isopoda the respiratory function has been taken over by the abdominal appendages, both rami or only the inner becoming thin or flattened.

In some of the terrestrial Isopoda or woodlice (Oniscoidea) the abdominal appendages have ramified tubular invaginations of the integument, filled with air and resembling the tracheae of insects.

In addition, some of the appendages in the neighbourhood of the genital apertures may be modified for the purpose of transferring the genital products to the female, as, for instance, the first and second abdominal limbs in the Decapoda.

Even in those which have most fully retained the primitive order of development, as in the Penaeidea and Euphausiidae, the last pair of abdominal appendages make their appearance in advance of those immediately in front of them.

Eleven somites follow these, forming the abdominal " tagma," giving thus 1 Embryological evidence of this is still wanting.

Terminal telescoping of the abdominal somites and excalation may occur in the adult, reducing the obvious abdominal somites to as few as eight.

The appendages of the eighth and tenth abdominal somites are modified as gonapophyses.

They appear to be serial equivalents (homogenous meromes) of the tracheal gills, which develop in a like position on the abdominal segments of some aquatic Hexapods.

The exhausting pain, the serious haemorrhages, and the abdominal septicity associated with a repulsive odour and the absorption of toxic products, which are the chief and ultimately fatal symptoms of that disease, are all directly combated by the administration of oil of turpentine.

The pelvic fins are abdominal in position, long and pointed in shape, and the pelvic bones are connected with the caracoids.

Besides the private practice of his profession, he contributed largely to medical knowledge by the publication of several books, mainly on the anatomy of the pancreas and the abdominal viscera, by papers in the Proceedings of the Royal Society and in professional journals, and by editing for a time the Quarterly Medical Journal.

In a younger stage of their development, however, the young are carried in a temporary abdominal pouch, to which they are transferred after hatching, and into which open the mammary glands.

The onset of the flu was abrupt with fever followed by vomiting, abdominal pain and profuse diarrhea.

Reverse Abdominal Nose Panting expands the abdomen on the puff out.

There maybe a burning sensation in the stomach, the feeling of an 'empty stomach ' or even abdominal pain.

Typical symptoms include abdominal bloating and soreness, gas, and alternating diarrhea and constipation.

Preparation for the scan People having abdominal, pelvic, or brain scans may be given special instructions in advance about eating and drinking.

Recently, my menstrual flow has changed and I am experiencing abdominal bloating and occasional tenderness.

They also make an exceptional abdominal exercise tool to create powerful and rock hard abs.

Although everyone covets sleek, toned abs, most consider abdominal training to be a real chore.

The risk of death from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is about 50 per cent, even during operation.

The abdominal aorta is the commonest site for a true aneurysm.

The other abdominal appendages are much reduced or absent.

This can happen as a result of a burst appendix, childbirth or abdominal surgery.

A nasogastric tube was inserted and this plain abdominal x-ray shows the ' double-bubble ' appearance of duodenal atresia.

The most efficient breathing for singing and for speaking is a combination of abdominal and diaphragmatic breathing, or belly breathing.

Findings The film shows calcification within the wall of the abdominal aorta.

Obesity In people who are overweight, the fat in their abdominal cavity exerts more pressure on the stomach.

In later pregnancy ultrasound assessment of the fetal abdominal circumference is the most sensitive predictor of fetal weight.

Symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting diarrhea and abdominal cramps.

Doing abdominal crunches on the AB Revolutionizer is a perfect abdominal workout.

Humans - often severe with abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, fever.

Physical assessment will determine the presence or absence of bowel sounds, flatus, or abdominal distention.

The most common adverse effects associated with itraconazole include dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation.

Abdomen characteristically humped with short appendages, except in males where the fourth pair of abdominal appendages are much elongated.

The abdominal esophagus is supplied by branches of the left gastric artery and inferior phrenic artery.

Patients were asked to record daily bowel movements, abdominal pain and bloating, straining and incomplete evacuation.

The usual symptoms of lactose intolerance include loose stools, intermittent abdominal distention, colic and excessive flatus after lactose ingestion.

While this air may cause the sensation of abdominal fullness, it should not be painful.

During your assessment we will check your blood group and measure your height, weight and abdominal girth.

Rarely worms invade the abdominal cavity, causing granulomas of the liver, ovary, kidney, spleen, and lung.

Multi gyms... www.gymworld.co.uk Abdominal muscle exercises and abdominal oblique exercises.. .

It accounts for 6% of all abdominal wall hernias.

An abdominal x-ray also revealed an apparent paralytic ileus.

However, if a major perforation was detected, then the surgeon would perform an abdominal incision to repair the uterus.

Some of these symptoms include jaundice, dark urine, nausea, vomiting, abdominal swelling, unusual weight gain, and abdominal pain.

We present a patient with a large colonic lipoma causing abdominal pain and altered bowel habit.

Abdominal breathing inflates the lungs from the bottom up, allowing a much fuller breath.

At post-mortem get enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric and abdominal) and focal necrosis of the liver and spleen.

In a 53 year old patient FDG-PET was performed after chemotherapy of an abdominal Non-Hodgkin lymphoma for evaluation of persistent tumor vitality.

Most GISTs are asymptomatic but may cause abdominal pain or bleeding from ulceration of the overlying mucosa.

Breathe in deeply by allowing your abdominal muscles to expand outwards.

It refers to the strengthening of the abdominal musculature especially transversus abdominus and the deep spinal muscle lumbar multifidus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance and accuracy of laparoscopic resection of abdominal neuroblastoma.

Female pelvic organs Symptoms of painful periods Cramping lower abdominal pains are the most common symptom.

The larvae or caterpillars have three pairs of thoracic (true) legs and several pairs of fleshy, abdominal prolegs.

The next two weeks will deal with abdominal radiographs.

Where do you see the rapper Abdominal in five years time from now?

Sharon has plenty of muscle - superb back and outstanding side chest and triceps shots - even an abdominal retraction.

A diagnosis of splenic rupture should be considered in patients reporting left upper abdominal pain or shoulder tip pain.

A needle is inserted through the mother's abdominal wall into the amniotic sac holding the baby.

Most fistulas occurred secondary to abdominal surgery and a high proportion (53 %) occurred in association with inflammatory bowel disease.

A central dark bans broadens at the back to cover the final abdominal segments.

One patient has been described who developed abdominal striae after using wet wraps (Devillers et al., 2002 ).

Later symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, a dry sore throat, & anorexia.

It is usually an incidental finding, diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography or as a palpable abdominal mass.

In sensitive individuals, this dye can produce allergic reactions, including urticaria, severe abdominal cramps and pain.

Images concentrate on the bony landmarks and the major thoracic and abdominal viscera, the musculature and peripheral vasculature.

Indeed surgically creating adhesions between adjacent viscera is an excellent technique to prevent leakage into the abdominal cavity from defects.

Plain abdominal X-rays are useful to detect gaseous distention of the dysfunctional organs.

The fifth abdominal segment has a pair of strong dorsal hook-like processes, by means of which the larva supports itself in the burrow which it excavates in the earth, the great head blocking the entrance with the mandibles ready to seize on any unwary insect that may venture within reach.

I), and in many ants the third abdominal segment is similarly " nodular " in form (fig.

The fact that there are two pairs of gonapophyses on the ninth abdominal segment would be fatal to the view that they are in any way homologous with legs, were it not that there is some evidence that the division into two pairs is secondary and incomplete.

Verhoeff has lately (1904) put forward the view that there are really six segments in the hexapodan thorax and twenty in the abdomen - the cerci belonging to the seventeenth abdominal segment thus showing a close agreement with the centipede Scolopendra.

The typical insectan ovipositor, so well developed among the Hymenoptera, consists of three pairs of processes (gonapophyses) two of which belong to the ninth abdominal segment and one to After C. Janet, Aiguillon de la Myrmica rubra (Paris, 18g8).

All the other families of Hymenoptera, including the gall-flies, ichneumons and aculeates, have the first abdominal segment closely united with the thorax, the second abdominal segment constricted so as to form a narrow stalk or " waist," and legless larvae without a hinder outlet to the food-canal.

The Sialidae or alder-flies (q.v.) differ from other Neuroptera in the jaws of the larva - which is aquatic, breathing by paired, jointed abdominal gills - resembling those of the imago, and being adapted for the mastication of solid food.

The incisive foramina of the palate are moderate and distinct; the fibula does not articulate with the calcaneum; and the testes are abdominal, and descend periodically only into the inguinal canal.

Other features may include abdominal pain and a pulsatile mass.

Severe allergies were inflicted on husky puppies and cats were killed in invasive abdominal experiments.

Annually in the United States, 9000 deaths occur as result of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A needle is inserted through the mother 's abdominal wall into the amniotic sac holding the baby.

One patient has been described who developed abdominal striae after using wet wraps (Devillers et al., 2002).

Abdominal ultrasonography showed swollen lymph nodes around the abdominal aorta.

Plain abdominal x-rays are useful to detect gaseous distention of the dysfunctional organs.

You may feel lower abdominal pain as you begin ovulating.

These symptoms may signal an abdominal obstruction or internal injury.

Regardless, FIP is often a suspect when one cat within a cattery experiences extreme abdominal swelling and a lack of appetite.

Only one form of FIP causes abdominal swelling.

If you want to minimize your belly, choose a dress with rushing in the abdominal region or a dress with an empire waist.

If a person has taken too much of the drug they may have symptoms including nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.

Spinals provide quick and strong anesthesia and allow for major abdominal surgery with almost no pain.

The doctor will also ask whether the child is experiencing fever, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, or pains in the muscles and joints.

Symptoms of toxic shock include abdominal pain, confusion, dizziness, and widespread red skin rash.

Usually, some of the limb muscles are paralyzed; the abdominal muscles or muscles of the back may be paralyzed, affecting posture.

Initial symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting that can lead to dehydration, and unexplained fever.

Children suffering from sickle anemia have episodes during which they suddenly become unwell or complain of severe abdominal or chest pain, headache, stiffness of the neck or drowsiness.

There is usually a history of amenorrhea in female patients, and sometimes of abdominal pain, constipation, or lack of energy.

In addition, children with herpangina may vomit, have abdominal pain, and generally feel very ill.

Because of this, it is advisable to see a doctor if a sore throat lasts more than a few days or is accompanied by fever, nausea, or abdominal pain.

Diaphragm-The thin layer of muscle that separates the chest cavity containing the lungs and heart from the abdominal cavity containing the intestines and digestive organs.

Wilms' tumor makes up about 6 percent of all childhood cancers and ranks as the second most frequent cancerous abdominal tumor in children.

Some patients with Wilms' tumor experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, or blood in the urine.

The physician may also find that the child has fever, bloody urine, or abdominal pain.

Stage I involves favorable Wilms' tumor cells and is usually treated successfully with combination chemotherapy involving dactinomycin and vincristine and without abdominal radiation therapy.

These patients usually receive abdominal radiation therapy and lung radiation therapy if the tumor has spread to the lungs.

All of these patients receive abdominal radiation therapy and lung radiation therapy if the tumor has spread to the lungs.

The symptoms include both physical symptoms, such as breast tenderness, back pain, abdominal cramps, headache, and changes in appetite, and psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, and unrest.

Meconium ileus causes abdominal swelling and vomiting and often requires surgery immediately after birth.

Other abdominal symptoms are caused by the inability of the pancreas to supply digestive enzymes to the intestine.

Bacterial action on this rich food source can cause gas and abdominal swelling.

Complications of liver enlargement may include internal hemorrhaging, accumulation of abdominal fluid (ascites), spleen enlargement, and liver failure.

Nutrients can be introduced directly into the stomach through a tube inserted either through the nose (a nasogastric tube) or through the abdominal wall (a gastrostomy tube).

Various x-ray studies are of value and may be performed, particularly if organisms are identified that may indicate involvement of abdominal organs.

Symptoms appear about one to two days after infection and include fever (in 50% of patients), nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps and pain.

Gastroenteritis-Inflammation of the stomach and intestines that usually causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramps.

A serosa is a serous (fluid-producing) membrane that can be found inside the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), around the lungs (pleura), around the heart (pericardium), and inside the joints (synovium).

It can mimic appendicitis, and many people with undiagnosed FMF have had appendectomies or exploratory surgery of the abdomen only to have the fever and abdominal pain return.

Several infections can result in symptoms similar to FMF (Mallaret meningitis, for instance), and many people with FMF undergo exploratory abdominal surgery and ineffective treatments before they are finally diagnosed.

Compliance with taking colchicine every day may be hampered by its side effects, which include diarrhea, nausea, abdominal bloating, and gas.

The child may have internal injuries especially if he or she is experiencing any shortness of breath, chest pain, or abdominal pain.

Children with GERD who are preschool age and older often have gas and abdominal pain above the navel.

The result may be a narrowing (stenosis) or blockage of blood vessels, interrupting the essential flow of blood and oxygen to the heart, brain, abdominal organs, and peripheral circulation to the arms and legs.

Symptoms of DKA include abdominal pain, excessive thirst, nausea and vomiting, rapid breathing, extreme lethargy, and drowsiness.

Symptoms of ketoacidosis include excessive thirst and urination, abdominal pain, vomiting, rapid breathing, extreme tiredness, and drowsiness.

Fear, frustration, or even excitement can lead to abdominal discomfort and colic.

Moreover, in spite of apparent abdominal pain, colicky infants eat well and gain weight normally.

Symptoms related to any diarrheal illness are often those associated with any injury to the gastrointestinal tract, such as fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Parents should also call the doctor if a child is vomiting so often that he or she cannot keep fluids down, has a high fever, complains of severe abdominal pain, or shows no improvement in symptoms after 24 hours.

The theory behind the Heimlich maneuver is that by compressing the abdomen below the level of the diaphragm with quick abdominal thrusts, an "artificial cough" is created.

After the abdominal thrusts, the rescuer repeats the process of lifting the chin, moving the tongue, feeling for and possibly removing the foreign material.

If the airway is not clear, the rescuer repeats the abdominal thrusts as often as necessary.

Instead of using abdominal thrusts, chest thrusts are used.

The abdominal area is then scrubbed and painted with betadine or another antiseptic solution.

With the classical incision, there is more bleeding and a greater risk of abdominal infection.

The abdominal area may be closed with suture or surgical staple.

As the woman heals, she may gradually increase appropriate exercises to regain abdominal tone.

Within six hours of ingestion, iron toxicity can result in vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and possibly coma.

Chest and abdominal CAT scans are used to determine whether Ewing's sarcoma has spread to the lungs, liver, or lymph nodes.

Strength training can also be performed without equipment; exercises without equipment include pushups, abdominal crunches, and squats.

Attacks occur after puberty and commonly feature severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

In the absence of a family history of porphyria, non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain and vomiting, may be attributed to other disorders.

Within a short time, however, some victims begin to experience severe muscle cramps and rigidity of the abdominal muscles.

The danger signs, which usually begin ten minutes after an individual is stung (though possibly not for several hours) include nausea, faintness, chest pain, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Alternative treatments for diarrhea are intended to relieve the discomfort of abdominal cramping.

For some procedures an epidural anesthetic that numbs the abdominal region may be used instead of general anesthesia.

Incisions are made through the mother's abdominal wall.

The uterus is repositioned in the mother's body cavity and her abdominal wall is closed.

A balloon placed in the fetus's trachea prevents lung fluid from escaping through the mouth, enabling the lungs to expand, grow, and push the abdominal organs out of the chest and back into the abdomen.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is treated by passing a needle, guided by ultrasound, through the mother's abdominal wall, into the uterus and the fetal heart.

Following detailed ultrasound, a thin fetoscope is inserted through the mother's abdominal and uterine walls and into the amniotic cavity of the recipient twin to examine the surface placental vessels.

Under ultrasound guidance a needle is inserted either through the mother's vagina or abdominal wall and a sample of the chorionic membrane.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-A condition in which the fetal diaphragm (the muscle dividing the chest and abdominal cavity) does not close completely.

The abdominal incision become red, warm, tender to the touch, or is draining fluid.

Persistent back pain, cramping, abdominal tightening, or pelvic pressure occurs.

Abdominal x-rays will be performed and will typically show what is called the characteristic "double bubble," a combination of air bubbles in the stomach and a dilated duodenum.

Dialysis fluid is injected into the peritoneal cavity and wastes are filtered through the peritoneum, the thin membrane that surrounds the abdominal organs.

A child who is experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting should not use a laxative.

When present, the symptoms are non-specific and usually include fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

Checking the mother's weight and abdominal measurements can help diagnose cases in which there are no other risk factors present.

Ultrasound is used to evaluate the growth of the baby and the ratio of the head circumference (HC) to the abdominal circumference (AC) is a good predictor of asymmetric IUGR.

Abdominal wall defects are birth (congenital) defects that allow the stomach or intestines to protrude.

The stomach and intestines begin development outside the baby's abdomen and only later does the abdominal wall enclose them.

Occasionally, either the umbilical opening is too large or it develops improperly, allowing the bowels or stomach to remain outside or squeeze through the abdominal wall.

Gastroschisis occurs when the abdominal wall does not close completely and the stomach and the small and large intestines appear outside the infant's body.

In omphalocele, some of the internal organs protrude through the abdominal muscles in the area around the umbilical cord.

Omphalocele may be minor, involving only a small portion of the intestines, or it may be severe with most of the abdominal organs, such as the intestines, liver, and spleen, outside the body.

Abdominal wall defects, specifically gastroschisis and omphalocele, are rare and occur in only once in every 5000 births.

As of 2004, the causes of abdominal wall defects remained unknown.

It is always necessary in children with abdominal wall defects to look for other birth defects, because multiple anomalies are more likely to occur in these children.

Abdominal wall defects are effectively treated with surgical repair.

However, if the defect is large, it may be difficult to fit all the organs into the small abdominal cavity.

Most children with abdominal wall defects require immediate and intensive medical care.

Children with abdominal wall defects may need additional services, especially those with omphalocele and associated chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects.

Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy is administered into the abdominal cavity through a catheter or port.

Abdominal CT scans usually require that the child drink a solution that contains a dye, called oral contrast, that shows up on the CT images to help better define internal organs.

Abdominal CT examinations usually require fasting for at least 12 hours before the scan.

Crying may also indicate pain or illness, such as from abdominal cramps or an earache.

The most common side effects are mild diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach or abdominal cramps.

Abdominal pain and vomiting are the most frequent symptoms and a common cause of admission to emergency rooms.

Hernias are weaknesses in the abdominal wall that can trap a portion of intestine (incarceration) and cut off the passage of food and waste through the digestive tract.

In most cases, the incarcerated hernias are corrected manually rather than surgically by pushing the incarcerated bowel back up into the abdominal cavity.

In adults, adhesions are most often caused by repeat surgery; children who have a history of abdominal surgery can also develop adhesions that can obstruct the intestines.

The causes of small bowel obstruction in children are most often volvulus, intussusception, adhesions, or abdominal hernia, a weakness in the abdominal wall that traps a portion of intestine.

One of the earliest signs of mechanical intestinal obstruction is abdominal pain or cramps that come and go in waves.

Medical attention is needed early in intestinal obstruction and should be sought as soon as symptoms suggest abdominal distress.

Symptoms may begin with abdominal pain or cramping that may cause a toddler or older child to double over in pain.

Abdominal ultrasound is able to effectively visualize and diagnose most obstructions.

It may not possible to determine if an obstruction is simple or strangulated on scanning, and this will only be determined by performing abdominal surgery.

Parents should be aware of the child's bowel habits and report constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting to the pediatrician when it occurs.

The major symptoms of shigellosis are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and severe fluid loss (dehydration).

The most serious form of the disease is called dysentery, which is characterized by severe watery (and often blood- and mucus-streaked) diarrhea, abdominal cramping, rectal pain, and fever.

Clues to this diagnosis include sudden decrease in diarrhea, swelling of the abdomen, and worsening abdominal pain.

Unusual abdominal pain and/or cramping may indicate the onset of premature labor.

Some chickenpox sufferers also have headaches, abdominal pain, or a fever.

These infants require frequent evaluations by the physician, who may order multiple abdominal x rays and blood tests in order to monitor their condition during the illness.

Complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, and headache occur when it is time to go to school and resolve quickly once the child is allowed to remain home.

An umbilical hernia occurs when a portion of the bowel protrudes through a small defect in the abdominal wall muscle near where the umbilical cord attaches to the baby's abdomen.

More serious defects involving herniation of abdominal contents outside the infant's body are omphalocele and gastroschisis.

Omphalocele and gastroschisis are considered abdominal wall defects and are not called hernias.

This occurs inside the body when the diaphragm, the large muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest cavity, fails to develop fully.

During fetal development the presence of abdominal organs in the fetal chest cavity prevents the lungs from growing normally.

Umbilical hernia is caused by a small defect in the muscles of the abdominal wall.

If a small child, especially an infant, has a bulge in the abdominal or groin area, the child's pediatrician should be consulted.

In diaphragmatic hernia repair surgery, the herniated abdominal organs are forced back into their proper position within the abdomen.

This allows the doctor to examine abdominal and pelvic organs.

Strangulated hernia-A hernia that is so tightly incarcerated outside the abdominal wall that the intestine is blocked and the blood supply to that part of the intestine is cut off.

Symptoms include a purple spotted skin rash, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal upsets, and joint inflammation, swelling, and pain.

Most children with AP experience severe abdominal pain, vomiting (possibly with blood), and bloody stools.

Abdominal pain occurs in almost all children with AP, along with blood in the stools.

Symptoms of food poisoning are usually gastrointestinal, such as nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and/or diarrhea.

These toxins (except those from C. botulinum) cause inflammation of the stomach lining and the small and/or large intestines, resulting in abdominal muscle cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.

Symptoms of food poisoning, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, begin eight to 72 hours after eating food contaminated with salmonella.

Acute symptoms of vomiting and severe abdominal cramps without fever usually last three to six hours and rarely more than 24 hours.

Those affected have severe abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea that usually becomes bloody within 24 hours, a condition that can last from one to eight days.

Symptoms will typically include fever, abdominal pain, nausea, headache, muscle pain, and diarrhea.

In addition to the familiar watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, the individual may also have chills, fever, and neurological symptoms.

Any unexplained abdominal pain accompanied by persistent vomiting or diarrhea, whether or not a food source is suspected, should be reported to the doctor.

In very serious cases of food poisoning, medications may be given to stop abdominal cramping and vomiting.

Young children may complain of abdominal pain.

Constipation due to poor abdominal muscle tone is often a life-long problem for babies and children with Edwards' syndrome, resulting in fretfulness, discomfort, and feeding problems.

Therefore, it is recommended that older infants and children with Edwards' syndrome have a routine ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.

The most common minor side effects are nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping or bloating, breast pain, tenderness or swelling, swollen ankles or feet, tiredness, and acne.

Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, high fever, and vaginal discharge.

Handling the bowel during abdominal surgery can also cause peristalsis to stop, so people who have had abdominal surgery are more likely to experience ileus.

A healthcare professional should be contacted if a child experiences persistent abdominal distention, is unable to have normal bowel movements, or exhibits other symptoms of ileus.

Persistent abdominal pain and chronic or prolonged constipation are also reasons to call the doctor.

Following abdominal surgery, uncomplicated cases of ileus can be managed by minimizing the amount of food the patient consumes, ensuring adequate fluid intake, and correcting any electrolyte disturbances such as low potassium.

When ileus results from abdominal surgery, the condition is usually temporary and lasts approximately 24-72 hours.

Peritoneum-The transparent membrane lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities (parietal peritoneum) and the membrane forming the outer layer of the stomach and interstines (visceral peritoneum).

If present, symptoms are non-specific and usually include fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal condition characterized by abdominal pain and cramps; changes in bowel movements (diarrhea, constipation, or both); gassiness; bloating; nausea; and other symptoms.

Eight percent of all the students in the study had seen a physician for abdominal pain in the previous year.

Viral and bacterial gastroenteritis are intestinal infections associated with symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting.

Gastroenteritis symptoms include nausea and vomiting, watery diarrhea, and abdominal pain and cramps.

The syndrome is sometimes called abdominal migraine because it may be caused by some of the same mechanisms in the central nervous system that cause migraine headaches.

Cramping and abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting occur frequently.

Children with EE have classic signs of gastroesophageal reflux (abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and vomiting) but fail to respond to antireflux medications.

Protein-losing enteropathy may lead to abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body (edema), abdominal distension, and lack of red blood cells (anemia).

Infants with eosinophilic gastroenteropathies usually have acute reactions after food intake (within minutes to in one to two hours) that generally include nausea, vomiting and severe abdominal pain, later followed by diarrhea.

Gastrostomy tube-A tube that is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall and that extends through the stomach wall into the stomach for the purpose of introducing parenteral feedings.

Speech therapy and teaching abdominal breathing techniques have been quite successful in preventing VCD attacks.

The pain associated with PMS is generally related to breast tenderness and abdominal bloating, rather than a lower abdominal cramping pain.

Symptoms of an H type fistula include frequent pulmonary infections and bouts of abdominal bloating.

Some children have such greatly increased abdominal pressure during coughing that hernias result.

The infant' s abdomen may be swollen and firm (distended) because the abnormal trachea allows air to build up in the stomach, filling the abdominal space that holds the surrounding organs.

Abdominal x rays may be taken as well to look for intestinal obstruction and abnormalities.

An abdominal x ray may be needed to confirm the size and position of the impaction.

The test involves taking a small sample of cells from the placenta with a needle through the abdominal wall or a small tube (catheter) through the cervix.

In laparoscopic appendectomy, surgeons insert a small scope through tiny abdominal incisions to remove the appendix.

A shunt is a tube connecting the ventricles of the brain to an alternative drainage site, usually the abdominal cavity.

Red blood cells injected into the baby's abdominal cavity are absorbed into its bloodstream.

As a mature physical characteristic, chest and abdominal hair is coarser, thicker, and more unruly than vellus or "peach fuzz" hair that is routinely associated with children or women.

Removing chest and abdominal hair has become popular in the last 20 years among different groups of men, including those with excessive hair or who prefer a leaner, more streamlined appearance.

Laser treatments are also popular to remove chest and abdominal hair permanently.

If this happens, it is referred to as a cervical or abdominal pregnancy, depending upon where the egg becomes implanted.

Other abdominal or pelvic surgeries or infections may also increase a woman's risk.

They are often diagnosed when the woman begins to have abdominal or pelvic pain from the stretched fallopian tube.

In some cases, a woman will have shoulder pain instead of abdominal pain; this is because pain can radiate along nerves that are not directly involved.

The symptoms of a miscarriage might include spotting which can lead to heavy vaginal bleeding, cramps similar to those experienced during a menstrual period, and severe abdominal pain.

Often, they start out as small amounts of bleeding, or vague abdominal pains that might then become more intense.

If you notice any abdominal pain or cramping combined with spotting, you should contact your care provider immediately.

If the ectopic pregnancy isn't caught early, the fetus will grow until the fallopian tube ruptures, resulting in bleeding and abdominal pain.

Again, if you notice abdominal pain or cramping combined with spotting, you should contact your care provider immediately.

Testing for pain or tenderness in the abdominal area is likely to be the first test he/she performs.

The practice of Pilates during your pregnancy will also strengthen your abdominal, back, and pelvic muscles to assure that your pregnancy and labor are more comfortable.

Castor oil is sometimes associated with self induction of labor, however, this technique has not been proven to be effective and has been shown to create intense abdominal discomfort.

Abdominal bloating, low pelvic and back pain, and mood changes can all be symptoms that a period is imminent.

It also has the benefits of decreasing menstrual blood loss and abdominal cramps.

As with women who do not take birth control, the few days leading up to the period can be a significant time for headaches along with other premenstrual symptoms such as mood change, abdominal cramps, and bloating.

Although an invasive one, the procedure is relatively straightforward and is performed with the aid of abdominal ultrasound technology to enable the physician to see the exact location of the needle as it passes through the abdomen.

Some women experience abdominal cramping, like period pain, during the procedure, however this soon passes.

Cesarean sections involve major abdominal surgery that requires additional time for healing.

However, a discharge that is bloody may also indicate an imminent miscarriage, particularly if abdominal pain accompanies these symptoms.

The ectopic pregnancy is possible because the medical team placed the placenta and embryo into the man's abdominal cavity.

This is especially important if you experience fever, vomiting, or abdominal pain.

If the woman has an STD or products of conception are retained, there could also be the risk of an infection that would cause fever, abdominal pain, and the possible formation of scar tissue.

The signs are referred to as "PAINS," which stands for period, abdominal, infection, not feeling well, and strings.

A miscarriage is generally preceded by some level of abdominal cramping or lower back pain and an increasing flow of blood.

Abdominal pain can be caused by a miscarriage, but it can also be caused by any number of changes within the abdominal cavity.