Load Sentence Examples

Wait until Fred gets a load of this!

It was like having a heavy load lifted from her shoulders.

Sofia pulled over to the side of the road to await the text and load the address into the car's GPS.

One day in midsummer, when I was hoeing, a man who was carrying a load of pottery to market stopped his horse against my field and inquired concerning Wyman the younger.

The cedar tree was bent over with the weight of a heavy load of wet snow.

I'm glad you find my character flaws amusing, 'cuz I have a boat load of them.

Sorting the clothes, she put a load in the washer and started it.

Hand cranes are extremely useful where the load is not excessive, and the quantities to be dealt with are not motive powers.

In the first the load can be lifted vertically, and then moved round a central pivot, so as to be deposited at any convenient point within the range.

In electric cranes a useful method is to arrange the connexions so that the lifting motor acts as a dynamo, and, driven by the energy of the falling load, generates a current which is converted into heat by being passed through resistances.

The actual load factor to be chosen depends on the nature of the work and the kind of crane.

Transporters can only move the load to any point on a vertical surface (generally a plane surface); they have a lifting Trans- motion and a movement of translation.

In order that only one motor may be used, and also that the load may be lifted by a single part of rope, various devices have been invented.

A load contains 36 trusses.

It is almost no effort for me to row around the lake, no matter how heavy the load may be.

The gunman rested back on his heels to load a new laser charge pack.

In the time that I've been here, it looks to me like you carry your share of the load – sometimes more.

This is effected by slinging the load to an eye or Lifting hook, and elevating the hook vertically.

That the quantity of heat to be got rid of may become very considerable is seen when it is considered that the energy of a load of 60 tons descending through 50 ft.

A dock-side crane unloading cargo with high lifts following one another in rapid succession will require a higher load factor than a workshop traveller with a very short lift and only a very occasional maximum load; and a traveller with a very long longitudinal travel will require a higher load factor for the travelling motor than for the lifting motor.

In the latter case the overturning tendency begins as soon as the load leaves the ground, but ceases as soon as the load again touches the ground and thus relieves the crane of the extra weight, whereas overturning backwards is caused either by the reaction of a chain breaking or by excessive counterweight.

The Titan was the first type of large portable crane in which full use was made of a truly horizontal movement of the load; for the purpose for which the type is designed, viz.

Vessels go to Porman to land coke and coal, and to load iron ore and lead.

At its opening, on the 27th of September 1825, a train of thirtyfour vehicles, making a gross load of about go tons, was drawn by one engine driven by Stephenson, with a signalman on horseback in advance..

Blenkinsop placed the teeth on the outer side of one of the running rails, and his reason for adopting a rack was the belief that an engine with smooth wheels running on smooth rails would not have sufficient adhesion to draw the load required.

Such an arrangement would be ideally perfect from the point of view of the permanent-way engineer, because it would then be possible to distribute the whole of the load uniformly between the wheels.

Thus an engine working at maximum power may be used to haul a relatively light load at a high speed or a heavy load at a slow speed.

A second time it tried to carry its load up the rough trunk of the tree, and a second time it failed.

I think that the man is at a dead set who has got through a knot-hole or gateway where his sledge load of furniture cannot follow him.

It worked, but it stopped a foot short of her floor, which made her load even more precarious.

Strictly speaking, the name alludes to the arm or jib from which the load to be moved is suspended, but it is now used in a wider sense to include the whole mechanism by which a load is raised vertically and moved horizontally.

On arriving at a certain height the lift ceases and the jenny is released, and by the continued pull of the rope, it runs up the jib; on arriving at an adjustable stop, the jenny is again locked, and the load can be lowered out; the hook can then be raised, when the jenny is automatically unlocked, and on paying out the rope the jenny gravitates to its first position, when the load is lowered and the cycle repeated.

In practice the gradient should not exceed i in 221, and even that is too steep, since theoretical conditions cannot always be realized; a wet rail will reduce the adhesion, and the gradients must be such that some paying load can be hauled in all weathers.

The derrick crane introduces a problem for which many solutions have been sought, that of preventing the load from being lifted or lowered when the jib is pivoted up or down to alter the radius.

The varying load against which a locomotive works, and the fact that a locomotive is non-condensing, are factors which reduce the margin of possible economy within narrow limits.

Locomotives have to start with the full load on the engine, consequently an outstanding feature of every compound locomotive is the apparatus or mechanism added to enable the engine to start readily.

It's imperative that you don't downgrade on a tire's speed rating or its load capacity.

It will accept any type of strain gage based load cell.

This lower load impedance being presented to the inverter causes more power to be sourced from the inverter.

Each load looks as if it contained the contents of a dozen shanties; and if one shanty is poor, this is a dozen times as poor.

As soon as Rostov heard them, an enormous load of doubt fell from him.

The gondola or flat car corresponds to the European open wagons and is used to carry goods not liable to be injured by the weather; but in the United States the practice of covering the load with tarpaulins is unknown, and therefore the proportion of box cars is much greater than in Europe.

The long hauls in the United States make it specially important that the cars should carry a load in both directions, and so bcx cars which have carried grain or merchandise one way are filled with wool, coal, coke, ore, timber and other coarse articles for the return journey.

An ordinary British 10-ton wagon often weighs about 6 tons empty, and rarely much less than 5 tons; that is, the ratio of its possible paying load to its tare weight is at the best about 2 to 1.

It will be seen that the girder directly rests on a cylindrical pin or rocker so placed as to distribute the load uniformly to all the rollers.

The frictional grip between the two surfaces prevents return motion of the worm shaft and the load remains suspended, but it may be lowered by turning the hand-wheel so as to overcome the friction brake.

Various other arrangements of friction brakes have been devised to give a resistance proportional to the load.

There is extensive quayage, and the largest wool ships are able to load alongside the wharves, which are connected by rail with all parts of the colony.

When they are weary they lie down upon the ground, and as there are no means of making them get up, either by beating or assisting them, the load must of necessity be taken off.

The further development of the honey extractor has of late been limited to an increase in the size of machine used, in order to save time and manual labour, and thus meet the requirements of the largest honey producers, who extract honey by the car load.

Both at very high and very low pressures the coefficient of friction is affected by the intensity of pressure, and, just as with velocity, it can only be regarded as independent of the intensity and proportional simply to the total load within more or less definite limits.

I'm not saying exposure to a unique power load might not somehow intensify his imagination and perhaps cause heightened awareness; I'm simply stating there isn't some time machine or magical forest upstairs.

In the time that I've been here, it looks to me like you carry your share of the load – sometimes more.

The test scientifically analyzesbattery performance with a true constant current load capacity test that is graphically displayed.

Therefore the ideal fetal microphone does not load the maternal abdomen.

Acrobat Reader Down load the adobe acrobat Reader Down load the adobe acrobat reader to enable you to read PDF files.

I bought a new Ethernet adapter for my new PC, on the basis that my browser would load things faster.

Changed ' load info ' window to appear if you hold down alt.

The electrical load on one socket should not exceed 13 amps or 3 kilowatts.

I doubt that there are more than two or three behind a load balancer managing the traffic.

Each point will take a two ton load, giving a total distributed load bearing of 12 tons.

For heavy loads, a padded waist belt is invaluable, taking much of the load off your shoulders.

Here is the code to load a 256 color bitmap into the structure given above.

Load This command is used to load a new bitmap file into the bitmap editor.

A load of old bollocks is nearer the mark.

I carefully hopped up onto it mindful of a load of perched boulders.

To protect against excessive force exerted on the torso, there is a load limiting device to reduce the risk of bone breakage.

The critical load for adhesion failure is easiest to identify in the case of a hard, relatively brittle film on a softer substrate.

The last thing we need is a load of cowboy builders returning their right ears to us claiming it was down to our product!

Special design allows even load during cutting and produces a burr free hole that needs no extra finishing.

To turn images off, click on the radio button next to ' Do not load any images ' .

Gripped by a six-piston caliper, braking forces are transferred optimally to the rim, virtually eliminating torsional load on the front wheel.

Process Reactor mounted on the unique double cantilever KIS load cell.

A 6 hr. necropsy revealed cardiomyopathy and a heavy parasitical load of this a MALE Kogia breviceps.

Chinook helicopters from 18 Squadron were deployed to assist with troop and load carrying, particularly for the building of radar stations.

You can't, and you're more likely to come across a load of total cobblers first.

Maybe spiritual leaders always talk a load of old codswallop on ceremonial occasions.

The backpack was ditched for a plastic one and a load of green stuff used to make the chain mail coif.

The button second from left will load a text file describing a constellation.

Got amazing cpu temp results, air volume is 73 cfm for the fan = really low CPU temp results, air volume is 73 cfm for the fan = really low cpu temps at full load.

The load quivered, and from under the runners arose a crisp crackling.

If upgrading to a GP crankshaft high load bearings are required.

Today we import American blame culture by the sack load.

More than enough load to generate valve seat recession on a ' soft ' leaded only cylinder head.

The pallet must be able to support the load throughout the distribution system and be able to resist deformation under load.

Comments Posted By Sick of snobs Displaying 1 To 1 Of 1 Comments Education reforms and wealth demography What a load of self-deluding bullshit.

Inevitably, pain killers, drugs, and sleep deprivation all add to the stress load.

In this case the free-wheel diodes sustain the load current during the dead time.

The Windows XP startup disk will automatically load the correct drivers to gain access to the CD.. .

It was unfortunately drowned out by too load music in particular the drummer.

Ethernet adapter for my new PC, on the basis that my browser would load things faster.

The exercise did not effect the peak work load, peak oxygen uptake, or muscle function in knee extensors compared with the controls.

The monks from Buildwas Abbey used to load their wool fleeces onto boats at a wharf in Cressage.

Most applications simply use XLoadQueryFont to load a font to load a font and query the font metrics.

They all have a fulcrum (pivot ), a load and an effort.

By covering the base load, as opposed to peak loads, a greater energy content can be supplied by the distributed generator.

High tenacity polyester yarn wound together to form a load bearing hank.

Seventeen of the centers did not offer hep B viral load testing.

Most locals agree the stories are just a load of old hogwash.

The fourth came back direct to Tarrant Rushton as a load was considered inadvisable owing to brake pressure trouble.

The third level is that the destination pipe queues for a local pipe queue can be set load balanced inbound.

An increasingly inhuman load is being dumped on the shoulders of the workers.

The provisional data suggesting a link between bacterial load and the development of asthma since training as a dentist warrants further investigation.

You will save around 10 minutes to 1/2 hour on each load of laundry, plus you will even spend less time ironing.

The interactive puzzles require Java to run and may take a few seconds to load on your computer.

We can even load the music onto your personal MP3 player or MP3 jukebox for you.

That timber was carried to Hobart in smaller ketches, specially for ALMA to load.

No, the platen knob is not to be used to load or adjust paper.

The sturdy shock cord compression lacing allows you to reduce the pack volume so it still carries the load tightly for shorter trips.

Otherwise, there'll be memory leaks whenever an image load fails.

Being able to talk to other polio survivors is the best medicine I have found for PPS, it really lightens the load.

This will help cool the main room down with the stove firing hot and lighten the load on the central heating system.

You've given me a heavy load to deal with in one e-mail.

Now, with CD4 counts around 400 and an undetectable viral load the virus is no longer at the forefront of my mind.

With the shooting team I gained loads of respect and brought a whole load of silver wear to my unit for their first time.

He buys a lorry load of strawberries to experiment with.

This was then normalized to a value per passenger carried, based on maximum and average load factors.

The -f option means to load the new builtin command name from shared object filename, on systems that support dynamic loading.

In the event of any client having excess luggage Ski Power reserve the right to refuse to load or transport any excess luggage.

The brilliant Avant load luggers won't be seen until next year although the current range will remain on sale.

Every year, I bought a trailer load of rotted cow manure which I used mainly for the potato patch.

The median viral load decreased from 4.12 log to 2.02 log10, after a median of 15 days from initiation of therapy.

Each load takes about 1 microsecond, faster than the CPU can write the 8-bit value.

The elastic modulus is defined as a secant modulus at service load condition.

If you have used several nukes before, risk of viral load rebound is higher. abacavir.

Investigation showed the retroviral vector used to load a gene into bone marrow cells had inadvertently carried its DNA into a known oncogene.

And how does he thank her for the tossed salad, he blasts his load deep into her mouth !

Hence less dead weight has to behauled for each ton of paying load.

With electricity, power can be applied to as many axles in the train as desired, and so the whole weight of the train, with its load, may be utilized if necessary.

Vessels load and discharge by means of lighters, the outer harbour having a depth at entrance of 24 ft.

In weak fields the magnetic contraction is always diminished by pulling stress; in strong fields the contraction increases under a small load and diminishes under a heavy one.

Villari in 1868 that the magnetic susceptibility of an iron wire was increased by stretching when the magnetization was below a certain value, but diminished when that value was exceeded; this phenomenon has been termed by Lord Kelvin, who discovered it independently, the " Villari reversal," the value of the magnetization for which stretching by a given load produces no effect being known as the " Villari critical point " for that load.

The Villari critical point for aegiven sample of iron is reached with a smaller magnetizing force when the stretching load is great than when it is small; the reversal also occurs with smaller loads and with weaker fields when the iron is soft than when it is hard.

The advantage of the breech-loader now began to assert itself, for the Austrian skirmishers who covered the front of the guns could only load when standing up, while the Prussians lay down or fired from cover.

In mines of copper, lead and the precious metals, in which the cars are moved by hand, the usual load is from 1200 to 3000 lb.

These small cars are constructed so that the load may be dumped by pivoting the car bodies on the trucks.

Grades are made, whenever possible, in favour of the load, and of such degree that the power required to haul out the loaded cars shall be approximately equal to that for hauling back the empties, viz.

Their power is proportioned to requirements of load and maximum gradient; the speed is rarely more than 6 or 8 m.

The diameter of the cylinders is such that each alone is capable of starting the load.

As the cranks are set go apart, there is no dead centre, and the engine is able to start under full load from any point of the stroke.

The hoisting speed is therefore slower, and as less engine power is required for a given load the cylinders.

If, for a twocompartment shaft, a pair of drums (or a single wide drum) be keyed to the engine shaft, with the ropes wound in opposite directions, the hoisting is " in balance," that is, the cages and cars counterbalance each other, so that the engine has to raise only the useful load of mineral, plus the rope.

The maximum load on the engine is thus greater and more power is required than for fixed drums. Steam consumption is economized, whenever possible, by throwing in the clutches of both drums and hoisting in balance.

Moreover, the limit of vertical depth at which rope of even the best quality will support its own weight only, with a proper margin of safety, is, say, io,000 to 12,000 ft.; and with the load the safe working limit of depth would be reached at 7000 to 8000 ft.

Instead of raising the load in one lift from the bottom of the shaft, one or more intermediate 1 A full discussion of this subject is given in Trans.

The variations in engine load are thus reduced, and incidentally hoisting time is saved.

Provided the ship is designed to float upright at the smallest draft with no load on board, the stability at any other draft of water can be arranged by the stowage of the weight, high or low.

The ordinary load for a pack camel is about 400 lb, and in hot weather good camels will march 20 to 25 m.

The river Main has been dredged so as to afford heavy barge traffic with the towns of the upper Main and with the Rhine, and cargo boats load and unload alongside its busy quays.

Where the load has to be hauled up a rising gradient, underground engines, driven by steam or compressed air or electric motors, are used.

These can, however, only be used advantageously where there are fixed pumps, the fall of water generating the power resulting in a load to be removed by the expenditure of an equivalent amount of power in the pumping engine above that necessary for keeping down the mine water.

When the load is being drawn out, the engine pulls directly on the main rope, coiling it on to its own drum, while the tail drum runs loose paying out its rope, a slight brake pressure being used to prevent its running out too fast.

It is also customary to use a stretching pulley to keep the rope strained when the pull of the load diminishes.

This engine draws a net load of 52 tons of coal from a depth of 625 yds.

At starting, when the full load is to be lifted, the balance chain uncoils, and continues to do so until the desired equilibrium between the working loads is attained, when it is coiled up again in the reverse direction, to be again given out on the return trip.

When closed by the load the width is sufficient to allow it to enter a funnel-shaped guide on a cross-bar of the frame some distance above the bank level, but on reaching the narrower portion of the guide at the top the plates are forced apart which releases the ropes and brings the lugs into contact with the top of the cross-bar which secures the cage from falling.

To guard against this it is now customary to use some speed-checking appliance, independent of the engine-man, which reduces or entirely cuts off the steam supply when the cage arrives at a particular point near the surface, and applies the brake if the load is travelling too quickly.

An arrangement of this kind for shifting the load from a large cage at one operation was introduced by Fowler at Hucknall, in Leicestershire, where the trains are received into a framework with a number of platforms corresponding to those of the cage, carried on the head of a plunger movable by hydraulic pressure in a vertical cylinder.

By this means the time of stoppage is reduced to a minimum, 8 seconds for a three-decked cage as against 28 seconds, as the operations of lowering the tubs to the level of the pit-top, discharging, and replacing them are performed during the time that the following load is being drawn up the pit.

The tub when brought to the surface, after passing over a weigh-bridge where it is weighed and tallied by a weigher specially appointed for the purpose by the men and the owner jointly, is run into a " tippler," a cage turning about a horizontal axis which discharges the load in the first half of the rotation and brings the tub back to the original position in the second.

This has a slotted end, engaged by a pin P fixed to the framing, and it will be seen that its action is to slacken the band if the load tends to rise and to tighten it in the contrary case.

This was about the first indication of a tendency, which grew in strength for half a century, to load the Federal census with inquiries having no essential or necessary connexion with its main purpose, which was to secure an accurate enumeration of the population as a basis for a reapportionment of seats in the House of Representatives.

This sand has not been brought by the Hudson itself, for that river drops most of its sediment load far up stream, in its long tidal channel.

On the other hand, a girder imposes only a vertical load on its piers and abutments, and not a horizontal thrust, as in the case of an arch or suspension chain.

In a three-span bridge the theoretical advantage of continuity is about 49% for a dead load and 16% for a live load.

The larger the bridge, the more important is economy of material, not only because the total expenditure is more serious, but because as the span increases the dead weight of the structure becomes a greater fraction of the whole load to be supported.

Rankine proved (Applied Mechanics, p. 370) that the necessary strength of a stiffening girder would be only one-seventh part of that of an independent girder of the same span as the bridge, suited to carry the same moving load (not including the dead weight of the girder which is supported by the chain).

The four cables support a dead load of 7140 tons and a live load of 4017 tons.

A rocker bearing under these pins transmits the load at the joint to the steel columns of the towers.

The outer ends of the shore cantilevers are loaded to balance half the weight of the central girder, the rolling load, and 200 tons in addition.

This is due to the half weight of centre girder, the weight of the cantilever itself, the rolling load on half the bridge, and the wind pressure.

Rolling load taken at I.

When girders form the superstructure, the resultant pressure on the piers or abutments is vertical, and the dimensions of these are simply regulated by the sufficiency to bear this vertical load.

The intermediate piers should also have considerable stability, so as to counterbalance the thrust arising when one arch is loaded while the other is free from load.

In the case of the St Louis bridge, half arches were built out on either side of each pier, so that the load balanced.

But in recent times the weight of traction engines and wagons which pass over bridges has increased, and this kind of load generally produces greater straining action than a crowd of people.

Live Load on Railway Bridges.-The live load is the weight of the heaviest train which can come on the bridge.

In the earlier girder bridges the live load was taken to be equivalent to a uniform load of 1 ton per foot run for each line of way.

The weights of engines and wagons are now greater, and in addition it is recognized that the concentration of the loading at the axles gives rise to greater straining action, especially in short bridges, than the same load uniformly distributed along the span.

Bridges would then be designed for these selected loads, and the process would be safer in dealing with flooring girders and shearing forces than the assumption of a uniform load.

Thus a consolidation engine may weigh 126 tons with a length over buffers of 57 ft., corresponding to an average load of 2.55 tons per ft.

He takes as the live load for a bridge two such engines, followed by a train of wagons covering the span.

No load of exactly this kind is ever applied to a bridge.

But if a load is so applied that the deflection increases with speed, the stress is greater than that due to a very gradually applied load, and vibrations about a mean position are set up. The rails not being absolutely straight and smooth, centrifugal and lurching actions occur which alter the distribution of the loading.

For all these reasons the stresses due to the live load are greater than those due to the same load resting quietly on the bridge.

These percentages are added to the live load stresses.

Dead Load.-The dead load consists of the weight of main girders, flooring and wind-bracing.

The weight of main girders increases with the span, and there is for any type of bridge a limiting span beyond which the dead load stresses exceed the assigned limit of working stress.

Let W 1 be the total live load, Wf the total flooring load on a bridge of span 1, both being considered for the present purpose to be uniform per ft.

For a bar so placed that it is alternately loaded and the load removed, 0 =k max .

It was pointed out as early as 1869 (Unwin, Wrought Iron Bridges and Roofs) that a rational method of fixing the working stress, so far as knowledge went at that time, would be to make it depend on the ratio of live to dead load, and in such a way that the factor of safety for the live load stresses was double that for the dead load stresses.

Let A be the dead load and B the live load, producing stress in a bar; p =B / A the ratio of live to dead load; f i the safe working limit of stress for a bar subjected to a dead load only and f the safe working stress in any other case.

Working Stress for combined Dead and Live Load.

Let t be the statical breaking strength of a bar, loaded once gradually up to fracture (t = breaking load divided by original area of section); u the breaking strength of a bar loaded and unloaded an indefinitely great number of times, the stress varying from u to o alternately (this is termed the primitive strength); and, lastly, let s be the breaking strength of a bar subjected to an indefinitely great number of repetitions of stresses equal and opposite in sign (tension and thrust), so that the stress ranges alternately from s to -s.

Next let the girder carry a uniform load w per ft.

As the load travels, the shear at the head of the train will be given by the ordinates of a parabola having its vertex at A, and a maximum F max.

The greatest shear at C for any position of the load occurs when the head of the train is at C. For any load p between C and B will increase the reaction at B and therefore the shear at C by part of p, but at the same time will diminish the shear at C by the whole FIG.

Generally a girder supports both a dead with a travelling load like a railway train, this is greater for partial and a live load.

The distribution of total shear, due to a dead load w 1 per ft.

For a train advancing from the left, the travelling load shear in the left half of the span is of a different sign from that due to the dead load.

Further, the range of stress to which they are subjected is the sum of the stresses due to the load advancing from the left or the right.

Next let the loads advance a distance a so that W2 comes to C. Then the shear at C is R(n+a)/l - WI, plus any reaction d at B, due to any additional load which has come on the girder during the movement.

This result is modified if the action of the load near the section is distributed to the bracing intersections by rail and cross girders.

If these are first drawn it is easy, for any position of the loads, to draw the lines B'C, B'D, B'E, and to find the sum of the intercepts which is the total bending moment under a load.

The lower portion of the figure is the curve of bending moments under the leading load.

Till W 1 has advanced a distance a only one load is on the girder, and the curve A"F gives bending moments due to W 1 only; as W1 advances to a distance a+b, two loads are on the girder, and the curve FG gives moments due to W 1 and W2.

As might be expected, the moments are greatest in this case at the sections under the 15-ton load.

This parabola is the curve of maximum moments for a travelling load uniform per ft.

Let w e be the load per ft.

Then w e may be termed the uniform load per ft.

Then the bridge is designed, so far as the direct stresses are concerned, for bending moments due to a uniform dead load and the uniform equivalent load we.

Such a line has for abscissa the distance of a load from one end of a girder, and for ordinate the bending moment or shear at any given section, or on any member, due to that load.

Generally the influence line is drawn for unit load.

When the load is at F', the reaction at B' is m/l and the moment at C' is m(l-x)ll, which will be reckoned positive, when it resists a tendency of the right-hand part of the girder to turn counter-clockwise.

Hence the moment of the load on Am at C is wy0m, and the moment of a uniform load over any portion of the girder is w X the area of the influence curve Ip' G' E ' under that portion.

Repeating the process for other positions, we get the influence line Aghb, for the shear at C due to unit load anywhere on the girder.

If the load is in the bay D'E' and is carried by a rail girder which distributes it to cross girders at D'E', the part of the influence line under this bay is altered.

Clearly, the distribution of the load by the rail girder considerably alters the distribution of shear due to a load in the bay in which the section considered lies.

For a uniformly distributed load w per ft.

If the load rests directly on the main girder, the greatest -Iand - shears at C will be wXAGC and -w X CHB.

But if the load is distributed to the bracing intersections by rail and cross girders, then the shear at C' will be greatest when the load extends to N, and will have the values wXADN and -wXNEB.

Also mn/mf = hk/kf 'or' mn-W (l-x)/l, which is the reaction at A due to the load at C, and is the shear at any point of AC. Similarly, po is the reaction at B and shear at any point of CB.

The shaded rectangles represent the distribution of shear due to the load at C, while no may be termed the datum line of shear.

Let the load move to D, so that its distance from the left abutment is x+a.

Then qr/ro = hk/hg or ro =W (l-x-a)/l, which is the reaction at A and shear at any point of AD, for the new position of the load.

The cost of the main girders for one span will vary nearly as the square of the span for any given type of girder and intensity of live load.

A frame used to support a weight is often called a truss; the stresses on the various members of a truss can be computed for any given load with greater accuracy than the intensity of stress on the various parts of a continuous structure such as a tubular girder, or the rib of an arch.

Many assumptions are made in treating of the flexure of a continuous structure which are not strictly true; no assumption is made in determining the stresses on a frame except that the joints are flexible, and that the frame shall be so stiff as not sensibly to alter in form under the load.

In the Forth bridge stability is obtained partly by the great excess of dead over live load, partly by the great width of the river piers.

The weight load was pushing downwards, causing pressure on the strut.

Rankine gives the approximate rule Working deflection =5= l a /t o,000h, where l is the span and h the depth of the beam, the stresses being those usual in bridgework, due to the total dead and live load.

Tondern was in early days a seaport, but since the reclamation of the marshes and the dredging of the Widane navigation has ceased, and vessels load and unload at Hoyer, with which the place has direct railway communication.

As a matter of fact, it is difficult to rely upon most electric meters to register correctly to less than 4% even between quarter-load and full load.

If possible, however, the departures from absolute accuracy should not be more than 2% at quarter-load, nor more than 3% at a full load.

The accuracy of a meter is tested by drawing calibration curves showing the percentage departure from absolute accuracy in its reading for various decimal fractions of full load.

A good meter should start with a current which is not more than 2% of its full load current.

If whitened, the loss in bulk and in rejection being two-thirds, this would produce about 44 bolts, which at £30 per load of 80 bolts, the appreciated market value of 1907, would be worth £16, ios.

In years of abundant crops and short demand, prices have fallen to £24 per load.

When the ice sheets fronted on land sloping southward to the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri rivers, the drift-laden streams flowed freely away from the ice border; and as the streams, escaping from their subglacial channels, spread in broader channels, they ordinarily could not carry forward all their load; hence they acted not as destructive but as constructive agents, and aggraded their courses.

The great river receives an abundant load of silt from its tributaries, and takes up ano lays down silt from its own bed and banks with every change of velocity.

The load of silt borne down stream by the river finally, after many halts on the way, reaches the waters of the Gulf, where the decrease of velocity, aided by the salinity of the sea water, causes the formation of a remarkable delta, leaving less aggraded areas as shallow lakes (Lake Pontchartrain on the east, and Grand Lake on the west of the river).

The plan commonly adopted to obviate the necessity of inconveniently long stems is to construct a number of hydrometers as nearly alike as may be, but to load them differently, so that the scaledivisions at the bottom of the stem of one hydrometer just overlap those at the top of the stem of the preceding.

The slightest change in the load will cause motion in one direction or the other - the system is thermodynamically reversi ble.

To give a rough idea, however, it may be said that its safe crushing load would be about a cwt.

But in a thin slab, with its comparatively small span and light load, the concrete is generally strong enough to bear the shearing stresses unaided, and the reinforcement is devoted to assisting it where the tensile stresses occur.

The distortion which rails undergo in manufacture and use is incomparably less than that to which rivets are subjected, and thus rail steel may safely be much richer in carbon and hence in cementite, and therefore much stronger and harder, so as to better endure the load and the abrasion of the passing wheels.

About 12,000 carriers were collected, the load allotted to each being 50 1b.

The provincial population, crushed under a load of unjust taxation, could no longer furnish soldiers in the numbers required for the defence of the empire; and on the other hand, the emperors, ever fearful that a brilliantly successful general of Roman extraction might be proclaimed Augustus by his followers, preferred that high military command should be in the hands of a man to whom such.

In fact, with a simple ram it is not possible to lift beyond a certain height with a given pressure and load.

Below the piston of the upper cylinder is an annular space E (surrounding the common piston rod) with a capacity equal to the maximum displacement of the liftram, while the corresponding annular area C of the piston of the lower cylinder is just large enough when subjected to the working water pressure to enable the work of lifting the net load to be done and any friction to be overcome.

To work the lift, pressure-water is admitted to the annular space C above the lower of the two balance pistons (the space B above the upper one is always in communication with the pressure-water), and the combined pressure on the two pistons is sufficient to lift the cage, ram and load.

Here again, since the intensity of the pressure on A becomes greater as it descends owing to the increased head, the apparent increase of weight of the lift-ram as it rises is automatically balanced; water from the high-pressure system is admitted down the hollow ram B and does the work of lifting the live load.

Pelton wheels are very sensitive to variation of load, and considerable trouble was experienced at first in securing adequate A s has now become one of 5.

The total power developed is 600 H.P., and though the load factor varies very greatly in this case, the differential type of governor used secures perfect control of the running of the wheels.

In spite of this, however, the average yield in the profitable mines is only from 0.2 carat to o 6 carat per load of 1600 lb, or on an average about IIgrs.

Fish are caught in great numbers in the rivers and marshes, chiefly barbel and carp, and the latter attain so great a size that one is a sufficient load for an ass.

Large vessels generally load in the roads at Graberg, 6 in.

It has been suggested that the gradual cumulative result of the activity of the nerve cells during the waking day is to load the brain tissue with "fatigue-substances" Theories of which clog the action of the cells, and thus periodi cally produce that loss of consciousness, &c., which is sleep. Such a drugging of tissue by its own excreta is known in muscular fatigue, but the fact that the depth of sleep progressively increases for an hour and more after its onset prevents complete explanation of sleep on similar lines.

When the slope down which a river runs has become very slight, it is unable to carry the sediment brought from higher regions nearer its source, and consequently the lower portion of the river valley becomes filled with alluvial deposits; and since in times of flood the rush of water in the high regions tears off and carries down a greater quantity of sediment than usual, the river spreads this also over the lower valley where the plain is flooded, because the rush of water is checked, and the stream in consequence drops its extra load.

On the left the prince's men could not load their pieces, their powder being ruined by the tempestuous rain.

The horses are guided from the boat, and a twentyor thirty-foot barge with a heavy load of men and goods will be towed across the river at Kilif (where, as already stated, the width of the river is between 500 and 600 yards only) with ease by two of these animals.

A load of sawn or hewn timber contains 50 cub.

The tidal harbour is enclosed by stone breakwaters, and large vessels enter and load frozen meat direct from the refrigerator cars.

Lay days, which are days given to the charterer in a charter party either to load or unload without paying for the use of the ship, are days of the week, not periods of twenty-four hours.

After three days spent in cutting down the sledge and rearranging its load Mawson started on his lonely tramp, and after appalling difficulties, when nearly exhausted, he stumbled on a food depot laid out by a search party 20 m.

Four lines of rails on deck gave accommodation for 54 ten-ton wagons carrying an average load of 900 tons.

It Would Have Been Desirable, If Possible, To Have Tried The Effect Of A Larger Range Of Variation In The Experimental Conditions Of Load And Speed, With A View To Detect The Existence Of Constant Errors; But Owing To The Limitations Imposed By The Use Of A Steam Engine, And The Difficulty Of Securing Steady Conditions Of Running, This Proved To Be Impossible.

Again if PQ be any segment of the beam which is free from load, Q lying to the right of P, we find FPFQ, MPMQ=--F.PQ; (12)

If PQ be a short segment containing an isolated load W, we have FeFi.=W, MQ=MP; (3) hence F is discontinuous at a p concentrated load, diminishing by an amount equal to the load as we pass the loaded point to the right, whilst M is continuous.

The load on an element bx of the beam may be represented by wbx, where - w is in general a function of x.

Support of .tructures.Every structure, as a whole, is maintained in equilibrium by the joint action of its own weIght, of the external load or pressure applied to it from without and tending to displace it, and of the resistance of the material which supports it.

Further, at any one of the centres of load let PL represent the magnitude and direction of the gross load, and Pa, Pb the two resistances by which the piece to which that load is applied is supported; then wifl those three lines be respectively the diagonal and sides of a parallelogram; or, what is the same thing, they will be equal to the three sides of a triangleS and they must be in the same plane, although the sides of the polygon of resistances may be in different planes.

When the load on one of the pieces is parallel to the resistances which balance it, the polygon of resistances ceases to be closed, two of the sides becoming parallel to each other and to the load in question, and extending indefinitely.

In considering its properties, the load at each centre of load is to be held to include the resistances of those joints which are not comprehended in the partial polygon of resistances, to which the theorem of 7 will then apply in every respect.

Stability of Position, and Stability of Frictio-n.The resistances at the several joints having been determined by the principles set forth in 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, not only under the ordinary load of the structure, but under all the variations to which the load is subject as to amount and distribution, the joints are now to be placed and shaped so that the pieces shall not suffer relative displacement under any of those loads.

Condition of Stability of Position.If the materials of a structure were infinitely stiff and strong, stability of position at any joint would be insured simply by making the centre of resistance fall within the joint under all possible variations of load.

The effect of the pressures applied to a piece, consisting of the load and the sispporting resistances, is to force the piece into a state of strain or disfigurement, which increases until the elasticity, or resistance to strain, of the material causes it to exert a stress, or effort to recover its figure, equal and opposite to the system of applied pressures.

It appears therefore that in general the mechanism is to be designed first and the frame afterwards, and that the designing of the frame is regtilated by the principles of the stability of structures and of the strength and stiffness of materials,care being taken to adapt the frame to the most severe load which can be thrown upon it at any period of the action of the mechanism.

What load is required at the pointy to maintain the configuration shown, both loads being supposed to act vertically?

The more recent experiments of Lasche (Zeitsch, Verein Deutsche Ingen., 1902, 46, 1881) show that the product of the coefficient of friction, the load on the bearing, and the temperature is approximately constant.

The British resident estimated in 1904 that at least 3000 loads of British cotton goods, which he valued at 5 a load, were imported.

Thus it came about that, only a few years after he had commenced to free the country from the weight of the loans and taxes which crushed her to the dust, Colbert was forced to heap upon her a new load of loans and taxes more heavy than the last.

Stewart stated that the Khorasan camel is celebrated for its size and strength, that it has very long hair, and bears cold and exposure far better than the ordinary Arabian or Persian camel, and that, while the ordinary Persian camel only carries a load of some 320 lb and an Indian camel one of some 400 Ib, the Khorasan camel will carry from 600 to 700 lb.

The mule thrives in every condition of climate, is fever-proof, travels over the most difficult mountain passes with absolute security, and can carry with ease a load of 200 lb.

The practical limit of height was reached when the sectional area of the masonry of the piers of the exterior walls in the lower storey had to be made so great, in order to support safely the weight of the dead load of the walls and floors and the accidental load imposed upon the latter in use, as to affect seriously the value of the lower storeys on account of the loss of light and floor space.

The walls thus supported no load but their own weight, and were tied to the inner cage formed by the wall columns, interior columns, girders, and floors by anchors arranged to provide for the shrinkage of masonry in drying out which always occurs to a greater or less extent.

In buildings to be used as offices, hotels, apartments, &c., it is usual in establishing the loads for the purpose of computation to assume that the columns carrying the roof and the upper storey will be called upon to sustain the full dead load due to material and the maximum computed variable load, but it is customary' to reduce the variable loads at the rate of about 5% storey by storey towards the base, until a minimum of about 20% of the entire variable load is reached, for it is evidently impossible that the building can be loaded by a densely-packed moving crowd in all of its storeys simultaneously.

In the case of factories and buildings used for storage purposes the maximum variable load which can be imposed for any serious length of time on each floor must be used without reduction in computing the loads of the lower column, and proper allowances must be made for vibrating loads.

In the case of very tall exposed buildings of small depth, the vertical load on the columns due to wind pressure in the opposite side of the building must be computed and allowed for, and in case the lower columns are without lateral support their bending moment must be sufficient to resist the lateral pressure due to wind and eccentricity of loading.

In very short girders the shear must be computed, and in long girders the deflexion, particularly the flexure from the variable load, since a flexure of more than of the length is liable to crack the plastering of the ceilings carried by the girders.

It is usual in both girders and beams to provide not only for the safe support of the greatest possible distributed load, but for the greatest weight, such as that of a safe or other heavy piece of furniture which may be moved over the floor at its weakest points, the centres of the girders and beams. It must always be borne in mind that the formulae for the ultimate strength of the " I " beams only hold good when the upper chord or flange is supported laterally.

The spacing, or distance from centre to centre of the floor beams, will depend upon the type of fire-proof flooring employed; it also depends to a considerable extent upon the amount and character of the floor load and the length of span.

In all cases it is customary to fill on top of the arches with a strong Portland cement concrete to a uniform level, generally the top of the deepest beam; the floor filling is constructed and carried to this level immediately upon the completion of each tier of beams, for the purpose not only of stiffening the frame laterally, and of adding to its stability by the imposition of a static load, but also to afford constantly safe and strong working platforms at regular and convenient intervals for use throughout the entire period of the construction.

The only objection that can in any case be urged against most of the natural products is that a longer time is required for induration; but in the case of masonry dams sufficient time necessarily passes before any load, beyond that of the very gradually increasing masonry, is brought upon the structure.

It is clear that the material upon which any high masonry dam is founded must also have a large factor of safety against crushing under the greatest load that the dam can impose upon it, and this consideration unfits any site for the construction of a masonry dam where sound rock, or at least a material equal in strength to the strongest shale, cannot be had; even in the case of such a material as shale the foundation must be well below the ground.

Any given yard of height measured during construction, or at any time after construction, will be less than a yard when additional weight has been placed upon it; hence the ends of such dams placed against rock surfaces must move with respect to those surfaces when the superincumbent load comes upon them.

When constructed for purposes of extreme accuracy they will turn with the one-millionth part of the load weighed, though to ensure such a result the knife-edges and their bearings must be extremely hard (either hardened steel or agate) and worked up with great care.

With balances of the highest precision it may be as high as 17 - 6 - 6 4, 0 o th of the load weighed, while with trade balances when new it would be about 2000 t h of the load.

The ordinary way of using a steelyard is to bring it into a horizontal position by means of movable weights, and to infer the amount of the load from the positions of these.

But it is sometimes convenient to use a fixed weight on the long arm, and to infer the amount of the load from the position of the steelyard.

The more elaborate ones are made either with a heavy travelling poise to measure the bulk of the load with a light travelling poise for the remainder, or else with a knife-edge at the end of the steelyard, on which loose weights are hung to measure the bulk of the load, the remainder being measured with a light travelling poise.

The automatic personal weighing machine found at most railway stations operates by means of a steelyard carrying a fixed weight on its long arm, the load on the platform being inferred from the position of the steelyard.

The load is received upon four knife-edges, so that on the average each knife-edge receives only one-fourth of the load, and, as will be seen, it is immaterial whether the load is received equally by the four knife-edges or not, which is essential to the useful application of these machines.

The platform and the load upon it are carried on four knife-edges, two of which, x 1 and x 2, are shown, and the load is transferred to the steelyard by the two levers shown, the upper one CD being known as the long body," and the lower, one EF as the " short body."

When the poises have been adjusted to weigh a load on the platform the punch is operated by a strong pull, and the impression of the raised figures is left on the card.

The gauge has a plain dial, marked off to indications given by the application of standard tons and cwts.; it could probably be read to about 2% of the load weighed.

For the sake of compactness and convenience of reading the extension of the springs, and consequently the load, is frequently indicated on a dial, by means of a small rack and pinion, which give motion to a finger on the dial-plate, but the regularity and correctness of the indications of the finger will depend upon the condition of the rackwork and upon the friction, and these will vary with the wear of the machine.

The pull of the load is transmitted to a hook which hangs freely from the middle of a horizontal bar below the drum casing.

The horizontal bar which receives the pull of the load is connected at its ends with the two spiral springs and pulls verti - cally upon them.

To deaden the vibration of the springs after a load has been placed on the platform, and thus to enable the weights and values of the goods to be read rapidly, the piston of a glycerin cylinder is attached to the end of the lever which pulls upon the hook of the horizontal bar and is worked by it in the glycerin.

Up to 2 lb the weight of the load is registered automatically on the chart in much the same manner as in the case of the automatic computing weighing machine already described.

When the load exceeds 2 lb one or more 2-lb weights are placed in the weights-pan, and the value of the portion of the goods corresponding to these 2-lb weights is computed, at the rate per lb, in the ordinary manner; and the value of the balance of the weight of the goods is read off the chart, and the two are added together.

The advantage of this is that a very open scale is obtained for reading the value of the balance of the load.

Thus, for weighing up to the full load of 14 lb, six 2-lb weights are required and no others.

For the bulk of the filling both brushes are in operation, but when the load is nearly complete the longer brush is stopped and the filling is completed by the shorter brush only.

When the load is complete the shorter brush also is stopped while the compartment of the drum is emptied.

And the long arm of the indicator lever pulls vertically upon the spring of an ordinary spring balance, which registers the load, and with the addition of suitable counting mechanism sums up the weights of any number of successive loads.