Gum Sentence Examples
Its chief exports are rubber, gum, coffee and copper.
The majority of plant specimens are most suitably fastened on paper by a mixture of equal parts of gum tragacanth and gum arabic made into a thick paste with water.
Forests of iron-wood and blue gum have also been planted.
These are then hermetically closed, and left for a few hours for the gum to ferment and loosen.
Thence the silk is taken to a washing machine, and the loosened gum thoroughly washed away.
Gum copal is exported.
Taiara, on the route between El Obeid and the Nile, was destroyed by the dervishes but has been rebuilt and is a thriving mart for the gum trade.
Various species yield gum.
Gum and rubber are the chief forest products.
The chief constituent of the low scrub which covers the northern part of the country is the grey gum acacia (hashob).
AdvertisementGum, ivory, hides, and ostrich feathers from the Sudan, cotton and sugar from Upper Egypt, indigo and shawls from India and Persia, sheep and tobacco from Asiatic Turkey, and European manufactures, such as machinery, hardware, cutlery, glass, and cotton and woollen goods, are the more important articles.
Jewellers' or Armenian cement consists of isinglass with mastic and gum ammoniac dissolved in spirit.
The men are usually ' Coco-nut fibre and the gum which exudes from the bread-fruit tree are generally used for " caulking " and " pitching " canoes.
The presence of gum copal in considerable quantities in the superficial rocks is characteristic of certain regions.
Gold dust, cotton, ivory and gum are also exported.
AdvertisementWax, gum, coffee and ivory are also exported.
A kind of thick paste, known as jujube paste, was also made of a composition of gum arabic and sugar dissolved in a decoction of jujube fruit evaporated to the proper consistency.
Gum copal, ground-nuts and sesame are largely cultivated, partly for ' Numerous remains of a stone age have been discovered, both on the coast and in the hinterland.
The most important vegetable productions are - cereals, cotton, gum tragacanth, liquorice, olive oil, opium, rice, saffron, salep, tobacco and yellow berries.
On the Coastal Plain the cypress grows in the Dismal Swamp, river birch along the streams, and sweet gum and black gum in swampy woods.
AdvertisementManna and gum tragacanth are also collected.
Cooh, is obtained by the oxidation of milk, sugar, dulcite, galactose, quercite and most varieties of gum by nitric acid.
Among the valuable vegetable products forming articles of export are various gums and dyes, the most important being gum tragacanth, which exudes from the astragalus plant in the hilly region from Kurdistan in the north-west to Kermn in the south-east.
For example, the pain of a gum-boil is generally relieved more by warmth, because the yielding tissues of the gum, mouth and cheek can be readily relaxed by heat and their vessels dilated; but when the pain is dependent upon inflammation in the hard unyielding socket of a tooth, cold generally gives greater relief.
Of dye-yielding shrubs and plants camwood and indigo may be mentioned; of those whence gum is obtained the copal, acacia and African tragacanth (Sterculia tragacantha).
AdvertisementFrom the seeds have been obtained starch (about 14%), gum, mucilage, a non-drying oil, phosphoric acid, salts of calcium, saponin, by boiling which with dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid aesculic acid is obtained, quercitrin, present also in the fully developed leaves, aescigenin, C12H2n02, and aesculetin, C 9 H 6 O 4, which is procurable also, but in small quantity only, from the bark.
Pictet, Vegetable Opium also contains a gum, pectin, a wax, sugar and similar substances, in addition to meconic and lactic acids.
The upper teeth are rudimentary and buried in the gum.
Mixed with gum arabic it forms a marking ink for linen.
Among the many varieties of trees and plants found are the date palm, mimosa, wild olive, giant sycamores, junipers and laurels, the myrrh and other gum trees (gnarled and stunted, these flourish most on the eastern foothills), a magnificent pine (the Natal yellow pine, which resists the attacks of the white ant), the fig, orange, lime, pomegranate, peach, apricot, banana and other fruit trees; the grape vine (rare), blackberry and raspberry; the cotton and indigo plants, and occasionally the sugar cane.
The chief articles of export are coffee, skins, ivory, civet, ostrich feathers, gum, pepper, kat plant (used by Moslems for its stimulating properties), gold (in small quantities) and live stock.
Unlike tannic acid, gallic acid does not precipitate albumen or salts of the alkaloids, or, except when mixed with gum, gelatin.
The jungle tribes collect gum from several varieties of trees, and in Sind the Forest Department derives a small revenue from lac. The palms of the presidency consist of cocoa-nut, date, palmyra and areca catechu.
Its figs were noted in ancient times, but wine and gum mastic have always been the most important products.
More than one-third of the district lies under jungle, which yields gum, medicinal fruit and nuts, edible fruits, lac, honey and the blossoms of the mahuci tree (Bassia latifolia), which are eaten by the poorer classes, and used for the manufacture of a kind of spirit.
The principal exports are wool, dates, cereals, gum, liquoriceroot and horses.
Besides dates the principal articles of export are wool, horses, liquorice, gum and attar of roses.
Other varieties, most of which are widely distributed, are the ash, pecan, cottonwood, sycamore, elm, maple, hickory, elder, gum, locust and river birch.
In the swamps there are cypresses and some gum and bay trees.
The French now became rivals for the trade of the Gambia, but the treaty of Versailles in 1783 assigned the trade in the river to Britain, reserving, however, Albreda for French trade, while it assigned the Senegal to France, with the reservation of the right of the British to trade at Portendic for gum.
The gum is obtained from eastern Kordofan and in the forests in the upper valley of the Blue Nile, the best gum coming from Kordofan.
The chief products of the Sudan for export are gum, ivory, ostrich feathers, dates and rubber.
The imports are largely cotton goods, provisions, timber and cement; the exports gum, raw cotton, ivory, sesame, durra, senna, coffee (from Abyssinia), goat skins, &c. Forty miles north of Port Sudan is Mahommed Gul, the port for the mines of Gebet, worked by an English company.
The young trees, he states, furnish the most valuable gum, the older yielding merely a clear glutinous fluid resembling copal varnish.'
It contains about 72% of resin soluble in alcohol (Kurbatow); a large proportion of gum soluble in water, and apparently identical with gum arabic; and a small quantity of a colourless inflammable essential oil, one of the constituents of which is the body oliben, C,0H16.
But in most parts of the state there are mixed forests of white oak, red oak, ash, red gum, black gum, maple, hickory, chestnut, sycamore, magnolia, tulip tree, cherry, pecan, walnut, elm, beech, locust and persimmon.
The acacias and the Rosaceae yield their gums most abundantly when sickly and in an abnormal state, caused by a fulness of sap in the young tissues, whereby the new cells are softened and finally disorganized; the cavities thus formed fill with liquid, which exudes, dries and constitutes the gum.
Gum arabic may be taken as the type of the gums entirely soluble in water.
Another variety, obtained from the Prosopis dulcis, a leguminous plant, is called gum mesquite or mezquite; it comes from western Texas and Mexico, and is yellowish in colour, very brittle and quite soluble in water.
Gum arabic occurs in pieces of varying size, and some kinds are full of minute cracks.
Gum arabic may be regarded as a potassium and calcium salt of gummic or arabic acid.
Graham (Chemical and Physical Researches) recommended dialysis as the best mode of preparing gummic acid, and stated that the power of gum to penetrate the parchment septum is 400 times less than that of sodium chloride, and, further, that by mixing the gum with substances of the crystalloid class the diffusibility is lowered, and may be even reduced to nothing.
It is saponified by alkalies, with reproduction of soluble gum.
Gum arabic is not precipitated from solution by alum, stannous chloride, sulphate or nitrate of copper, or neutral lead acetate; with basic lead acetate it forms a white jelly, with ferric chloride it yields a stiff clear gelatinoid mass, and its solutions are also precipitated by borax.
Gum senegal, a variety of gum arabic produced by Acacia Verek, occurs in pieces generally rounded, of the size of a pigeon's egg, and of a reddish or yellow colour, and specific gravity 1.436.
It gives with water a somewhat stronger mucilage than gum arabic, from which it is distinguished by its clear interior, fewer cracks and greater toughness.
Chagual gum, a variety brought from Santiago, Chile, resembles gum senegal.
Formerly only what exuded spontaneously was gathered; this was often of a brownish colour; but now the flow of the gum is aided by incisions cut near the root, and the product is the fine, white, flaky variety so much valued in commerce.
The chief flow of gum takes place during the night, and hot and dry weather is the most favourable for its production.
The insoluble part of the gum is a calcium salt of bassorin (C12H20010), which is devoid of taste and smell, forms a gelatinoid mass with water, but by continued boiling is rendered soluble.
Gum tragacanth is used in calico-printing as a thickener of colours and mordants; in medicine as a demulcent and vehicle for insoluble powders, and as an excipient in pills; and feltsetting and mending beetles and other insect specimens.
It is medicinally superior to gum acacia, as it does not undergo acetous fermentation.
Gum kuteera resembles in appearance gum tragacanth, for which the attempt has occasionally been made to substitute it.
Cherry tree gum is an exudation from trees of the genera Prunus and Cerasus.
It occurs in shiny reddish lumps, resembling the commoner kinds of gum arabic. With water, in which it is only partially soluble, it forms a thick mucilage.
Sulphuric acid converts it into l-arabinose; and nitric acid oxidizes it to oxalic acid (without the intermediate formation of mucic acid as in the case of gum arable).
Gum of Bassora, from Bassora or Bussorah in Asia, is sometimes imported into the London market under the name of the hog tragacanth.
It is insipid, crackles between the teeth, occurs in variable-sized pieces, is tough, of a yellowish-white colour, and opaque, and has properties similar to gum tragacanth.
It contains only 1% of soluble gum or arabin.
Under the name of Caramania gum it is mixed with inferior kinds of gum tragacanth before exportation.
This term is applied to the inspissated milky juices of certain plants, which consist of gum soluble in water, resin and essential oil soluble in alcohol, other vegetable matter and a small amount of mineral matter.
When finely powdered and rubbed down with water they form emulsions, the undissolved resin being suspended in the gum solution.
Over a period of three months you should use the gum to relieve the cravings to smoke.
Use the gum whenever there is an urge to smoke to maintain complete abstinence from smoking.
It would appear that women who chew gum throughout their pregnancy are most at risk from having bouncy bairns.
Process 1. Dissolve gum arabic in water and mix it with a pigment and a solution of potassium bichromate or ammonium bichromate.
Intubating stylet and Eschmann gum elastic bougie A pair of Magills forceps.
Bacterial canker is spread by splashing rain and can cause rough cankers with amber colored gum, sometimes leading to total tree collapse.
Thorough brushing by carers and the use of antibacterial gels and fluoride help to prevent dental caries and gum disease.
First disease symptoms included chlorosis of the leaves as well as gum exudation through the cankers on the tree collar.
The gum cistus is the commonest plant of the country.
Their ears, frightfully distended, held dangling to them disks of wood and plates of gum copal.
Local GUM clinics are faced with increasing service demands of around 10% a year.
We're like ill fitting dentures against the gum of reality.
Online sales of chewing gum removal carts, steam cleaners, pressure washers, floor scrubber driers, sweepers, generators.
Finally, I throw myself on to the nearest park bench, not bothering about the bird excrement or chewing gum.
Used in cosmetics, soaps, lubricants, candles, hairspray, conditioners, deodorants, creams, chewing gum, food flavoring.
Jerking or snapping the floss into the gums can damage the gum tissue.
Take fragrant spices; gum mastic, aromatic shells, 4 galbanum; add pure frankincense to the spices in equal proportions.
Our team may recommend an antibacterial mouth rinse to help control plaque and reduce gingivitis, or gum disease.
If you have gingivitis The measures described above to prevent gum disease will often clear mild gingivitis.
I gave them a stick of chewing gum between them for their trouble.
Try some sugar-free gum, a glass of water, or keep yourself busy.
In general, if the patient smokes 20 or less cigarettes a day, 2mg nicotine gum is indicated.
You should not exceed 15 pieces of gum per day for either the 2mg or 4mg strength gum.
Caramel (E150) and xanthan gum (E415) may be derived from maize.
Results Soluble fiber from oat products, psyllium, pectin and guar gum lowered total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by a small amount.
Consumers are urged to check the labeling to see which contain the locust bean gum.
The laughs never stop right up to the final " Ee bah gum!
The boswellic acids and their O-acetyl derivatives are the major constituens of the fresh aromatic gum resins from Boswellia trees.
He wad hae written A better poem syne - like thie, by gum?
Miscellaneous Myopia, vaginal bleeding, swelling of the tongue, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism.
The nicotine absorption profile and the dose delivered from the preparation are similar to that of nicotine chewing gum and nicotine inhalator.
Glue residues, chewing gum, ballpoint ink, oily incrustations etc. should be treated in combination with ECO SPOT & STAIN REMOVER.
Polymer solution to chewing gum litter A university spin-off company is using polymers to solve the perennial problem of chewing gum litter.
The time when I thought my gum was swelling up and I had lockjaw was totally different.
Some baby shower favor ideas include personalized lollipops or candy tins, baby themed cookies, or the ever popular bubble gum cigars.
It is also proposing to switch nicotine lozenges up to a maximum strength to GSL, as well as nicotine gum 4mg.
In the wild marmosets supplement their diet with a steady supply of tree gum which they gouge out with their sharp teeth.
However, many people also use an antiseptic mouthwash each day to help prevent gum disease.
Using a good fluoride mouthwash will help gum infections and, if you gargle, it can stop you getting sore throats.
Your dentist may recommend an antibacterial mouthwash to help control plaque and reduce gingivitis (gum disease ).
Nicotine gum to stop smoking What is nicotine gum to stop smoking What is nicotine gum?
Others use things like nicotine patches or nicotine patches or nicotine chewing gum.
For those using 4 mg nicotine gum, the 2 mg nicotine gum will be helpful during withdrawal from treatment.
Others use things like nicotine patches or nicotine chewing gum.
The sensitivity may be caused by a loose filling or by minimal gum recession which exposes small areas of the root surface.
Here's the place Chinese gum rosin to get involved.
We wear head guards and gum shields for safety.
The fuel stabilizer helps maintain the octane of the fuel, and reduces the gum and varnish buildup that can otherwise occur during storage.
This was a coarse fabric of silk, wool, or silk mixed with wool or mohair, often stiffened with gum.
The printed emulsion surface is water absorbent and ideal for gum tragacanth which leaves less of a smear than most adhesives.
Chew gum, smoke, pick your nose or display any annoying traits or habits.
The solvent we use is pure gum turpentine, a natural product itself - being distilled pine sap.
To prevent tooth decay and gum disease it is necessary to have regular dental visits.
The rate of first attacks of anogenital warts in Northern Ireland is on a par with the rate reported from GUM clinics in England.
The mint-flavoured gum is a perfect low-calorie sweet treat and includes natural sweetener xylitol.
This resinous exudation (Kino) somewhat resembles gum, hence the name " gum " tree.
Portions most liable to destruction, those parts between the tide marks, were found perfectly sound, and showed no signs of the ravages of marine organisms. Other valuable timber trees of the eastern portion of the continent are the blackbutt, tallow-wood, spotted gum, red gum, mahogany, and blue gum, eucalyptus; and the turpentine (Syncarpialaurifolia), which has proved to be more resistant to the attacks of teredo than any other timber and is largely used in wharf construction in infested waters.
In former days this was the prevalent poplar in Britain, and the timber was employed for the purposes to which that of other species is applied, but has been superseded by P. monilifera and its varieties; it probably furnished the poplar wood of the Romans, which, from its lightness and soft tough grain, was in esteem for shield-making; in continental Europe it is still in some request; the bark, in Russia, is used for tanning leather, while in Kamchatka it is sometimes ground up and mixed with meal; the gum secreted by the buds was employed by the old herbalists for various medicinal purposes, but is probably nearly inert; the cotton-like down of the seed has been converted into a kind of vegetable felt, and has also been used in paper-making.
Glycerin acts as a preservative against decomposition, owing to its antiseptic qualities, which also led to its being employed to preserve untanned leather (especially during transit when exported, the hides being, moreover, kept soft and supple); to make solutions of gelatin, albumen, gum, paste, cements, &c. which will keep without decomposition; to preserve meat and other edibles; to mount anatomical preparations; to preserve vaccine lymph unchanged; and for many similar purposes.
The most common species in the alluvial regions and, to a less degree, in the drier portions of the swamps and in the stream bottoms of the prairies are various oaks, black, sweet and tupelo gum, holly, cotton-wood, poplar, magnolia sweet bay, the tulip tree, catalpa, black walnut, pecans, hickories, ash, beech and short-leaf pine.
But the consumption of all manner of odoriferous resins, gum resins, roots, woods, dried leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds in India, in social as well as religious observances, is enormous.
The machines cut the paper, gum its edge, measure out the proper quantity of tobacco, wrap it up, make the gummed edge adhere, and cut the ends.
Gall nuts, gathered on the neighbouring Kurdish mountain slopes, are mostly exported, but are also made use of by native dyers; and hides, wax, cotton and gum are sold.
It was one of the gifts offered by the Magi, and a royal oblation of gold, frankincense and myrrh is still annually presented by the sovereign on the feast of Epiphany in the Chapel Royal in London, this custom having been in existence certainly as early as the reign of Edward L 1 True myrrh is the product of Balsamodendron (Commiphora) Myrrha, a small tree of the natural order Amyridaceae that grows in eastern Africa and Arabia, but the name is also applied to gum resins obtained from other species of Balsamodendron.
According to the amount of gum to be boiled off the soap solutions are made strong or weak; but care has to be exercised not to overdo the scouring, whereby loss of strength, substance and lustre would result.
Silk in the gum, it is found, absorbs these salts more freely than boiled-off; so to use it for weighting there are these great inducements - a saving of the costly and tedious boiling-off, a saving of the 25% weight which would have disappeared in boiling and a surface on which much greater sophistication can be practised than on scoured silk.
It consisted of frayed reed pens or brushes, a small pot of water, and a palette with two circular cavities in which black and red ink were placed, made of finely powdered color solidified with gum.
Gum benzoin, which contains from 12 to 20% of benzoic acid, is used in medicine as the essential constituent of benzoated lard, Adeps benzoatus, which owes its antiseptic properties to benzoic acid; and in friar's balsam, Tinctura benzoini composita, which is an ancient and valuable medicament, still largely used for inhalation in cases of laryngitis, bronchitis and other inflammatory or actually septic conditions of the respiratory tract.
The substances used to adulterate opium are grape-juice thickened with flour, fig-paste, liquorice, half-dried apricots, inferior gum tragacanth and sometimes clay or pieces of lead or other metals.
Would-be quitters were given advice, support and two weeks worth of Nicotine Replacement Therapy patches or gum free of charge.
What happens when open source, freely available products like GNU Radio become... Brighton moves gum rosin distributor ahead with pre-WiMax network.
She used, Zyban, patches, gum, inhalator, NHS stop smoking clinics, newsgroup support, support of my family.
Nicotine patch, gum, sublingual tablet or nasal spray may be suggested by your doctor or pharmacist instead.
Instead, choose dentally healthy foods such as nuts, raw vegetables, plain yogurt, cheese, popcorn and sugarless gum or candy.
For temporary relief, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute.
Dental disease usually shows itself as gum disease (gingivitis) secondary to plaque and tartar accumulation on the teeth.
Whose justifiable disgust at the sight of discarded chewing gum or of dog turds on the pavement made him find alternative routes home.
Sexual health has become the cinderella service of the NHS with a woeful lack of GUM clinics, many in a state of disrepair.
The mint-flavoured gum is a perfect low-calorie sweet treat and includes natural sweetener Xylitol.
This is the amount you would get from chewing one or two packs of xylitol gum a day.
There is an approximately 3x3 inch patch in the training pants which contains Sorbitol, a sugar-like material that is used as a sweetener in gum or as a skin softening emollient.
Unless she really knows her husband, her mouth will be full of gum by the end of the game!
About the size of a pack of gum, the iPod Shuffle comes in two versions-one can store 120 songs and the other can store 240 songs.
The unit looks more like a space-age gum ball machine than a traditional litter box, and may take a bit of time to train your cat to use it.
The Paw Princess carrier comes in a delightful bubble gum pink, and it is a surefire way to get kitty noticed at cat shows.
Gum and tooth problems are the leading cause of health problems in cats.
Anesthesia should only be used in the cases where teeth need to be pulled or for deep gum work.
When you brush your cat's teeth, you reduce plaque and the build-up of tartar, which can cause gum disease.
A forl is a pit that develops on a tooth near the gum line, and this can be very painful.
Be sure you are working the tips of the gum line and the teeth.
Some litters are named after brands of chewing gum while others take on the titles of famous poets, classical scholars, and high-end fashion designers.
Stevia may inhibit the growth and reproduction of oral bacteria that leads to gum and dental diseases, as well as tooth decay.
People with gum and mouth disease, women who are pregnant, and those whose teeth are stained by a medication should not use over-the-counter bleaching products.
Hollywood has come along way from cotton and spirit gum.
Thus, my teeth had an overall brighter appearance, but they did still look quite yellow between the teeth and down by the gum line.
Recently the Stuff by Duff line has enjoyed a transformation from bubble gum pink into mature, earth-toned packaging.
To make your eyebrows disappear, as in vampire makeup (you'll want highly arched black brows for that), you can cover your own with spirit gum and then draw on more with waterproof black liner.
Use spirit gum to match your skin tone and fill in the fold.
Chiclets gum or royal icing can be used to make the teeth.
Sometimes teen braces are a matter of health, as crowded teeth can make it hard to brush correctly, which in turn can cause cavities or gum disease.
There's a new fashion trend in the making, and it's a gum wrapper prom dress.
Elizabeth Rasmuson of Garner, Iowa had initially made a jacket out of gum wrappers.
After reading about someone making a duct tape dress, she decided to go even bigger and try a gum wrapper prom dress.
She opted to use the wrappers from "Five" gum, since she liked the colors.
Sometimes she kept the gum that had been inside the wrappers for her own use, and sometimes she just gave it away to her friends.
The particular "Five" gum Rasmuson used has a teal-colored wrapper.
He started collecting the same "Five" brand of gum and made a matching vest.
Rasmuson saw other possibilities as well when looking at other colors and flavors of "Five" gum, such as the black wrappers.
To make a gum wrapper dress, be it for prom or another special occasion, you have to start with a gum wrapper chain.
Choose a gum brand (or two) with colors that you like.
After starting with the gum wrapper chain, you can either sew the sections of the dress together using a strong thread or floss or weave them together, much the same way the chain was created.
If you love making gum wrapper fashions, you don't have to stop with a prom dress.
There are plenty of items you can make with a gum wrapper chain, other than just a matching vest.
When you're finished making your prom dress out of gum wrappers, you'll have a gown that is both very unique and economical.
If you plan ahead and use the wrappers from your favorite gum, you're not out any money other than the money for thread, embellishments and possibly the pattern.
It is made from potato starch, tapioca flour, leavening agents (calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, and citric acid) and a gum derived from cottonseed.
The flowers can be live or they can be crafted out of fondant or gum pastes to look realistic.
Marzipan, gum paste, candy clay, and pastillage can all be used to create edible embellishments on your wedding cake.
These range from fun items perfect for informal beach weddings, like gum balls designed to look like beach balls, to more sophisticated treats such as sugared coconut slices.
Make sure your cake is at least three tiers high and ask the baker to decorate with gum paste ribbons.
Ask a decorator to make a fondant or gum paste angelfish, clownfish, or butterflyfish, and position it along with seahorses, starfish, sand dollars, sea anemones, or shells.
If you prefer for your entire wedding cake to be edible, find a decorator who is able to make flowers from fondant or gum paste.
Using edible fondant or gum paste flowers can also be expensive, especially if you request a lot of detail.
Fondant or gum paste flowers or ribbons encircling each layer of the cake also serve to create a few concentrated pops of color.
For knockout imitations that last much longer and may be cheaper, try using gum paste flowers.
Bring your favorites to a decorator, and consider fleshing out the beach theme further by adding starfish or shells made with royal icing or gum paste to your cake.
To give it special attention, ask a decorator to create a cornucopia from fondant or gum paste and fill it with figures of seasonal vegetables and fruits.
If just a few big hearts aren't enough for you, choose a model that includes dozens of tinier hearts made from fondant or gum paste and strategically placed throughout the larger cake.
Keep in mind that some decorators also specialize in making edible flowers from buttercream, fondant, or gum paste, and the flowers can look nearly as realistic as if you had picked them fresh.
These therapies include inhalers, lozenges, gum, and the patch.
To keep symptoms at bay, pharmacological treatments like the patch or gum are recommended.
To ease your discomfort, your doctor may recommend nicotine gum, a nicotine patch, or one of the other stop smoking aids.
If you're trying to quit smoking, Nicorette gum may be able to help you cope with the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.
If you're trying to lose weight, you'll be happy to learn that each piece of sugar-free gum has three calories and one gram of carbohydrates.
Smokers who use more than 25 cigarettes per day should use the 4mg gum, while less frequent smokers should use 2mg Nicorette gum.
Even if you no longer feel the urge to smoke, you should still use the gum for the full time period.
Even mildly acidic foods or beverages can interfere with the gum's nicotine absorption rate.
Like any other medicine, Nicorette gum has potential side effects.
Although Nicorette gum is a safe and effective way to quit smoking, it's important to use the product as intended.
Nicorette gum may stick to dental caps, partial bridges, or dentures.
If you are pregnant, you should not use Nicorette gum.
Breastfeeding women should not use Nicorette gum to quit smoking.
Nicorette gum should not be consumed by children or pets.
Heroin, which comes from an opium gum from the poppy plant, was originally developed as a "safe" alternative to morphine.
After the petals fall off, the capsule can be cut and the opium gum on the inside is scraped off of it.
The raw opium gum is dried out, then traded or sold later.
Try a nicotine patch, nicotine gum, or nicotine lozenges.
Or, you have one piece of gum or one lozenge at set intervals throughout the day.
Users pick up a small "pinch," place it between the cheek and gum, and let it sit there.
It may be placed between the cheek and gum, chewed, or sucked.
Betel nut may be sucked or chewed like gum.
They include mouth and throat cancer, cavities and gum disease, heart problems, and other unpleasant side effects.
Even if a user escapes cancer, he/she is at risk for tooth decay and gum disease.
And, the gum disease it causes can also contribute to bad breath.
Nicotine replacements, like patches, lozenges, and gum, can help ease the symptoms or withdrawal.
Nicotine Gum - This product also releases small amounts of nicotine into the system and can be chewed whenever the user feels a tobacco craving coming on.
The gum can be used for as long as three months.
A popular brand of gum is Nicorette Gum.
I use to always brush my teeth, use mouthwash, chew gum, and use a breath mint or spray or something before I kissed her, if I smoked.
No nicotine patches or nicotine gum because the problem is not the patch or the gum, the problem is the person smoking.
The most popular brand of gum is Nicorette.
Good activity examples include; a nap, a walk outside, writing in a journal, reading a book, chewing gum, calling a friend, exercise, taking a nice long bath, or playing with your children.
For those people attempting to stop using chewing tobacco, the use of a product such as nicotine replacement lozenges or gum is a popular choice.
For nicotine medication, try nicotine gum, patches or a spray.
Cake decorating can be as simple as piping a star border onto a sheet cake or as intricate as designing a three-tier wedding cake with gum paste flowers and airbrushed colors.
First, serious decorators can attend The Wilton School in Illinois, where they can take classes in gum paste, sugar artistry and more.
Three main courses focusing on cake decorating with buttercream frosting are offered, along with a fondant and gum paste class and special project classes.
Making gum paste flowers is fun, and it can really turn your cake creations into something special.
Learn how to make several kinds of gum paste flowers right here.
Working with gum paste is a lot like cutting out cookies from dough except that you roll the paste much thinner to approximately 1/8 to 1/16 of an inch thick.
In many cases, you'll want to color your gum paste ahead of time with a small amount of paste coloring.
Alternatively, you may want to use plain colored gum paste and apply colored petal dust and luster powders to your dried creations to make them look life-like.
It's important to understand that gum paste dries fast, so work quickly and keep your extra gum paste sealed in plastic to prevent it from drying.
Use a little gum paste glue to secure the petal where the edges overlap.
Paint the bottom edge of your center rod with gum paste glue and insert the wire through the bottom center of the flower.
Roll the petal around the cone so the edges will overlap and secure them with gum paste glue.
Visit the LoveToKnow article Make a Rose Out of Gum Icing or Modeling Paste for directions to make a blooming rose.
Poke a pearl-tipped floral wire through the hole and secure it with a little gum paste glue.
These directions provide just a few examples for making gum paste flowers, but there are books and kits available with directions for making more.
You have several icing choices when preparing flowers for cake decorating, but if you want the most realistic-looking flowers possible while still keeping them edible, choose gum paste flowers.
Gum paste is a stretchy sugar dough that can be rolled out very thinly and then cut and shaped to form a variety of items.
Unlike buttercream or fondant roses, which will stay together without much help, gum paste flower parts need to be "glued" together with edible egg whites or an edible gum paste glue.
To prepare the flowers before you form them, you may need to tint the gum paste.
Some rich, bright colors can fade with gum paste, so if you want very vivid color, add more than you think you need or consider painting the flowers with edible decorating paint.
Note that you can also mix equal amounts of gum paste and fondant to get a dough that is still stretchy and durable but that tastes a little better than pure gum paste.
As with fondant, you can roll out gum paste into flat sheets with cornstarch and use cookie cutters to cut out the shapes you need for decorating.
If you have fondant tools, you can use them for adding detail to gum paste flowers, too.
As you work to form flowers, cover unused gum paste so that it doesn't dry out.
If you're an advanced cake decorator with some extra time on your hands and plenty of discipline, you can create a wide variety of different gum paste flowers that look very realistic.
Roses are some of the most popular gum paste flowers.
Form daisies easily with gum paste by using cookie cutters or fondant cutters.
Carnations are made from many layers of gum paste with frilled edges.
Form butterflies out of gum paste and put on top of each cupcake.
Fondant covered cupcakes allow you to place other fondant or gum paste decorations on the top.
Character cupcakes require a lot of detail work and aren't quick to make, but they're a good exercise for artists or sculptors who would like to try making details from fondant or gum paste.
If you need a very specific topper and you're unable to find it, you can also make it yourself using clay or gum paste or order it from a crafter's site like Etsy.
Add a gum paste sail to the cake for the final touch.
You can also make toppers out of gum paste (a hard-drying, edible sugar paste) or use non-edible designs to top your cakes.
If you prefer, you can use marzipan or gum paste instead of fondant to make the figure.
Make a multi-layer cake that's adorned with a fondant movie reel, a realistic horse figure, or gum paste flowers that wind all around the cake.
Toppers can be edible if they're made with fondant or gum paste, but inedible toppers are fine, too.
While buttercream is a useful supply to have on hand for some toppers, fondant and gum paste allow for much more detailed work.
In many cases, elaborate coverings for cakes are made with fondant or gum paste.
Whether you use stencils, fondant, gum paste, sprinkles, or other edible cake decorations, your cakes will look fantastic and command just as much attention as a well-lit Christmas tree.
Try a forest of stylized pine trees, a whimsical Santa sleigh, a snowflake covered cake, intricate and detailed ornaments, or a manger scene made in fondant or gum paste.
Make a few extra out of gum paste and stick them into the top of the cake for a super simple topper.
He always chewed gum during basketball games because he once read a report that said it would help him concentrate.
With Spears' losing points with Forbes, it is not surprising that she is planning on going back to work as soon as possible - dazzling fans with suggestive costumes, thoughtless comments, bubble gum lyrics, and high energy dancing.
He used nicotine gum and claimed it tasted like "chewing on ground pepper."
These celebrities who quit smoking used methods from hypnosis to nicotine gum to going cold turkey.
Small dogs often develop teeth and gum problems because their owners feed them canned food instead of kibble.
A dog's teeth need to be kept clean to avoid the perils of gum disease.
Once your dog accepts the toothpaste, apply it with a Keep It Clean toothbrush or a Keep It Clean finger brush using slow, circular strokes along the teeth and gum line.
Greenies Dental Chews are chlorophyll-laced dog biscuits designed to scrape tartar away from your dog's teeth, eliminate bad breath, and reduce your pet's chances of developing canine gum disease.
This bite usually results in tooth loss because the dog is unable to chew properly and gum disease ensues.
I truly think Charlie needs a trip to the vet to discuss the problem and check for any physical issues, such as retained puppy teeth or a gum infection, that might have caused the chewing in the first place.
If it's not his ears, he may have a gum infection that has worked it's way through to the sinus nerve above the tooth.
Once your dog accepts your finger, you can progress to wrapping it in a thin layer of gauze before you begin his gum massage.
If there is a lot of tartar buildup and odor in there, he possibly could have gum disease, which is very common in dogs and you really must take him to the vet.
However, a dog's breath can move to the beginning of bad breath, to the sour breath of a toothache or gum disease.
Bad breath can be a precursor to bad gums, and this can lead to gum disease.
Gum Seseli (Seseli) - S. gummiferum is a handsome plant, 1 1/2 to 3 feet high, with elegantly-divided leaves of a glaucous or almost silvery tone.
Gum Tree (Eucalyptus) - Large and handsome Australian trees and shrubs, of which, in the south of England and Ireland, a few of the species live in the open air.
Sweet Gum (Liquidambar) - A very beautiful summer-leafing maple-like tree from Florida westward to the prairie states, often reaching 100 feet in height, the leaves turning an intense deep purplish red in autumn, fine in effect.
Users who suffer from gum disorder, tooth pain or serious sleep disorders are not recommended to use the product.
Patients that have certain teeth or gum problems may not benefit from using this type of device.
These trading cards used to come in a small plastic package with the familiar bright pink stick of gum.
This practice was dropped in 1992 due to staining of the cards by the gum.
The decision to make novelty items, namely gum, was made and Bazooka bubblegum was launched.
To help increase sales, the gum was packaged with trading cards and the wrapper featured a cartoon character, Bazooka Joe.
In the 1980's, Fleer and another similar company, Donruss, issued their own sets of baseball cards along with puzzle pieces and collectible stickers instead of gum.
Items that could ruin the cards in storage, such as gum and stickers, should be removed before storage.
Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy by brushing and flossing to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.
Plaque also irritates gums and can lead to gum disease, periodontal disease, and tooth loss.
Parents should also continue to wipe the toothless gum areas with a washcloth or gauze.
Then they should clean the outer surfaces of each tooth, angling the brush along the outer gum line.
Flossing once a day helps to prevent gum disease by removing food particles and plaque at and below the gum line, as well as between teeth.
Slide the dental floss up and down against the tooth surface and under the gum line.
The presence of pus indicates an abscess or gum disease.
Flossing once a day also helps prevent gum disease by removing food particles and bacteria at and below the gum line, as well as between teeth.
Children should not run, ride in the car, or play sports with gum, lollipops, or candy in their mouths.
Sorbitol is an artificial sweetener found in many sugar-free products, such as sugarless gum or diet foods.
Round or cylindrical foods, hard candy, chewing gum, and balloons also present choking hazards.
Of the food-related choking incidents, 19 percent resulted from candy or gum.
Children with braces should eat raw fruits and vegetables and avoid soft, processed, and refined foods that attract bacteria, as well as hard or sticky foods, including gum, caramels, peanuts, ice chips, and popcorn.
Deep bite-A closed bite; a deep or excessive overbite in which the lower incisors bite too closely to or into the gum tissue or palate behind the upper teeth.
Eruption-The process of a tooth breaking through the gum tissue to grow into place in the mouth.
Chronic gingivitis may lead to a deepening of the pockets between the gum and tooth.
Pericoronitis is a condition found in children whose molars are in the process of erupting through the gum.
As the molar emerges, a flap of gum still covers the tooth.
The flap of gum traps bacteria and food, leading to mild irritation.
Children who have chronically bleeding gums, open sores on the gums, or who complain of gum or tooth pain, should see a dentist promptly.
Removing debris under the flap of gum covering the molar treats pericoronitis.
Sections of gum that are not likely to reattach to the teeth may be removed to promote healing by healthy sections of gum.
Most cases of periodontal disease are mild and can be cleared up with improved oral hygiene, as well as tooth and gum cleaning by a trained professional.
Gingiva-The gum tissue surrounding the teeth.
Gingival sulcus-The space between the tooth and the gum that often traps food and bacteria, leading to periodontal disease.
Depending on the metal, there may be blue-black lines in the gum tissues.
Tetracyclines have been useful in prevention of gum diseases of the mouth.
Both primary and permanent teeth usually erupt (break through the gum) in a specific order on each side of the upper and lower jaws.
Individuals differ greatly in the size of the crown (the part of the tooth above the gum line).
A frozen teething toy numbs the gums and reduces swelling, although it should not be left on the gum for more than one minute without a break.
However wisdom teeth are always difficult to clean and susceptible to decay and gum disease; thus an impacted wisdom tooth is usually extracted.
These areas include surface grooves, spaces between teeth, and the area below the gum line.
Flossing once a day helps prevent gum disease by removing food particles and plaque at and below the gum line, as well as between teeth.
Excessive gum growth associated with the hydantoins can normally be prevented or minimized by good dental care.
Fracture of the tooth crown (the part that is above the gum line) is the most common injury.
A tooth that is vertically fractured or fractured below the gum line will require root canal treatment and protective restoration.
Children with primary immunodeficiency syndromes are at increased risk of tooth decay and gum disorders as well as thrush and mouth ulcers.
Girls with Turner syndrome have an elevated prevalence rate of dental caries and such other periodontal conditions as gum disease and plaque.
Careful brushing and flossing, gum massage, and regular cleaning may help prevent this problem.
Users should check with a physician or dentist if gum problems develop.
A diet low in these foods can lead to mouth and gum problems and cancer.
Other alternatives to help with the withdrawal symptoms include nicotine replacement therapy in the form of gum, patches, nasal sprays, and oral inhalers.
Over time, the amount of gum the smoker chews is decreased and the amount of time between applying the patches is increased.
They should chew sugarless gum or eat sugar-free hard candy to redirect the oral fixation that comes with smoking and to prevent weight gain.
The whole emphasis in repairing the lip is on the muscle repair in order to mold the distorted front central section of the upper gum containing the four upper front teeth (premaxilla) back into its proper position.
Premaxilla-The front central section of the upper gum, containing the four upper front teeth.
To temporarily relieve the dry mouth, chew sugarless gum, suck on sugarless candy or ice chips, or use saliva substitutes, which come in liquid and tablet forms and are available without a prescription.
Foods that are sticky, including chewing gum, should be avoided because they may pull off the brackets or weaken the cement.
The enamel that covers the crown, the part of the tooth that is above the gum, is made of a substance called hydroxyapatite.
Fluoride is ineffective against gum disease, the major destroyer of teeth.
No type of fluoridation can replace good dental care and hygiene, which are necessary for preventing gum disease as well as tooth decay.
Stride Gum then discovered now-popular Matt and invited him to take a second trip around the world on their dollar.
Stride Gum agreed, and Matt with his inferior dancing entourage is now viewable on his website as well.
Skeptical Internet users will always doubt the authenticity of Matt's travels, but they are very much real and well sponsored by a gum company.
Lastly, for both men and women, don't chew gum.
If you need to sweeten your breath a few minutes before meeting the interviewer, pop a small breath mint rather than chomp on a stick of chewing gum.
Similar to the technique used for folding gum or candy wrappers, this project is easy for paper folders of all skill levels.
Many women wonder about the safety of nicotine replacements during pregnancy, especially since so many people have had success quitting with the help of nicotine gum and patches.
Implants require cleaning just like natural teeth to avoid gum disease.
The procedures for lasers currently center on the laser's precision in removing gum materials from the mouth and the laser's effectiveness in killing bacteria.
Gummy smiles - A dental laser can remove gum tissue around the tooth to expose a healthy tooth structure and improve a patient's smile.
If your dentist thinks that your teeth may require some restorative bone or gum work, you may be referred to a periodontist before you are recommended to a cosmetic dentist.
By the late 1870s, over 150,000 trees were planted in the park, many of which are the blue gum eucalyptus trees that still provide the lovely canopy and fresh scent that the park is know for to this day.
The fact that you don't have a lot of mobility unless you want to use spirit gum or another kind of glue to hold the swimsuit in place while you walk, sit or move also cuts down on the comfort.
Other forms of the supplements are currently being developed, including a resvertatrol gum.
These spaces have cute names like Peppermint Stick Forest (formerly Candy Cane), Gum Drop Mountain and Crooked Old Peanut Brittle House (an original 1940's landmark).
There is a reason why people don't purchase chewing gum that hints of new-car-smell, or consume ice cream in flavors like curried mint and braised duck.
These are available at many costume shops and attach with spirit gum.
Dab a small amount of spirit gum onto the ear cap, then press the cap onto the top of your ear.
Don't just depend on a piece of minty gum to keep your mouth fresh for kissing when the mood strikes.
Do keep a pack of gum handy, but also be sure to brush your teeth and tongue two to three times daily, floss, use mouthwash, and avoid foods with garlic, onions, and other ingredients that cause bad breath.
You will also recognize other gluten-free ingredients such as arrowroot and xanthan gum.
Other gluten-free ingredients often include xanthan gum, eggs, and dairy products.
Xanthan gum increases the viscosity of your ingredients, thereby giving your bread dough the stretchy texture that many gluten-free flours lack.
Xanthan gum is made by fermenting simple sugars using a particular bacteria, whereas guar gum is a natural part of the guar bean.
Xanthan gum and carageenan are fairly common thickeners used in ice creams and frozen yogurts.
Xantham gum, along with a combination of other gluten-free flours, help avoid the gritty texture and chalky taste often associated with gluten-free yeast breads.
Xanthan gum is one of the most popular thickeners and emulsifiers used in gluten-free bread recipes.
However, white rice flour or any rice flour is usually very powdery in texture and must be used in conjunction with binders such as xanthan gum in order for the flour to bind properly.
They do not contain gluten, so you will need to use these flours with other leavening agents and binders such as baking soda or xanthan gum.
This Jules brand flour consists of a blend between tapioca starch, potato starch, corn starch, corn flour, white rice flour, and xanthan gum.
The addition of xanthan gum helps to stabilize and bind the flours together.
If you have allergies to corn as well as gluten, you may be asking yourself, "What can I use instead of xanthan gum?"
This is because xanthan gum is a corn derivative and can trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.
Xanthan gum is used as a thickener and for its stabilizing properties in the food industry, and within the world of gluten-free baking it is a prized ingredient in gluten-free breads, salad dressings and other recipes.
Unfortunately, for many who are sensitive to xanthan gum, eating just a little can bring about gastrointestinal symptoms that persist for days.
It is not unusual for people with gluten intolerances or sensitivities who are also sensitive to xanthan gum to wonder if they have ingested gluten by mistake because the symptoms are similar.
If you suffer from celiac disease or other gluten intolerances and are also sensitive to corn, you may be left asking, "What can I use instead of xanthan gum?"
The most popular substitute for xanthan gum is guar gum.
For gluten-free cooking, guar gum can be used in baking, making salad dressings, for thickening sauces and in the creation of frozen desserts.
Locust bean gum, also known as carob gum, is another viable substitute for xanthan gum.
Locust bean gum is produced from carob seeds that have been dehydrated and heated and then ground into a powder.
While this powder can work as a substitute for xanthan gum, it is not the right choice for every recipe because it has a flavor similar to chocolate, however it does provide high viscosity and functions well as a binder.
Gum tragacanth is made from the dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern legumes.
Gum tragacanth can be wielded as a stabilizer and, when used, it improves food texture.
It is not a new-found gum, for in ancient times it was used in folk medicine to treat things like persistent cough, and was also used as a laxative and, oddly enough, also to treat diarrhea.
If you already know you must avoid gluten and that you experience a reaction if you eat xanthan gum, it is best to experiment carefully to figure out what you can use instead of xanthan gum to add viscosity to your baked goods.
If you are unsure of how your body may react to a xanthan gum substitute, talk with your healthcare provider for recommendations.
In a separate bowl, sift together the xanthan gum and both flours.
In a medium size mixing bowl, sift together the flours, sorghum, tapioca, cocoa powder, xanthan gum, baking powder and baking soda and set aside.
A wristlet will not promote the excessive collection of old gum wrappers, juice boxes, gasoline receipts and pennies.
Just ask anyone who's ever dug through a bottomless pit of ancient receipts, gum wrappers and coins!
Conduct experiments to show whether all brands of chewing gum will produce the same size bubbles.
Another easy decoration for young children to make requires an apple, some gum drops or mini-marshmallows, toothpicks, glue, and brown construction paper.
Take three gum drops and stack them on the toothpick leaving enough of the toothpick exposed to poke into the apple for the turkey feathers.
Have you ever really thought about the fact that you might spend nearly $100 on gum per year?
Just like the kiddie tats you can purchase from bubble gum machines across America, adult temporary tats are a simple wet and apply product.
Filling a bag with fresh fruit, trail mix, beef jerky, crackers, popcorn, pretzels, gum, and candy can save you money and time by not having to stop every time the urge to nosh strikes.
Not only can the refilling process be messy, but if it isn't handled correctly, it's easy to gum up the circuits on the inkjet cartridge body and render it unusable.
Another potential problem is that cartridges can leak and gum up printer circuitry where the cartridge is inserted.
At grocery and convenience stores, the displays might be candy, gum, batteries, magazines... anything that people might buy on a whim.
What can really be fun about switch day is when the "principal" calls students (AKA teachers playing students) down to the office for minor infractions such as chewing gum or being late to class.
The steps to these dances are mainly done from a choreography of "gum boots" dancing from South Africa combined with modern hip hop moves such as crumping, along with several formation movements resembling military close order drill.
However, if your DVD has say, ink spilled on it or chewing gum stuck to it, you may have to take it to an electronics professional.
Non-liquid products that have stained your floor, such as gum or candle wax, can be scraped off Pergo floors.
Sugar-free gum and mints are allowed, but no more than five pieces per day.
Toupee tape can be removed with a drop of Goo-Gone and spirit gum comes off with massage oil.
Only slightly larger than two packs of gum and about the same weight, I barely even realized I was carrying it.
They had the chance to do a commercial for Wrigley's Spearmint Gum and they dyed their hair blonde for the commercial.
Deidre watched in growing horror as his teeth turned from normal to sharpened, and two long canines half the size of her index finger lengthened from his gum.
Briicke also brought forward an experiment of great importance, in which he showed that gum mastic, precipitated from an alcoholic solution poured into a large quantity of water, scatters light of a blue tint.
In others, as the thylacine, it is rudimentary, being shed or absorbed before any of the other teeth have cut the gum, and therefore functionless.
In addition to this replacement of a single pair of functional teeth in each jaw, it has been discovered that marsupials possess rudimentary tooth-germs which never cut the gum.
The red gum forests of the Murray valley and the pine forests bordering the Great Plains are important and valuable.
A local aggrettion of a species other than the dominant one in an associion brings about a plant society; for example, societies of Ericd etralix, of Scirpus caespitosus, of Molinia coerulea, of Carex irta, of Narthecium ossifra gum, and others may occur within i association of Calluna vulgaris.
The forest vegetation, largely confined to the "Isle of Isles" and the southern uplands, includes the Adansonia (baobab), which in the Fazogli district attains gigantic proportions, the tamarind, of which bread is made, the deleb palm, several valuable gum trees (whence the term Sennari often applied in Egypt to gumarabic), some dyewoods, ebony, ironwood and many varieties of acacia.
The most valuable species for lumber are the long-leaf pine which is predominant in the low southern third of the state, sometimes called the "cow-country"; the short-leaf pine, found farther north; the white oak, quite widely distributed; cotton-wood and red gum, found chiefly on the rich alluvial lands; and the cypress, found chiefly in the marshes of the Delta.
From the extreme south most of the merchantable timber had been cut, but immediately north of this there were still vast quantities of valuable long-leaf pine; in the marshes of the Delta was much cypress, the cotton-wood was nearly exhausted, and the gum was being used as a substitute for it; and on the rich upland soil were oak and red gum, also cotton-wood, hickory and maple.
In the swamps are the bald cypress, the white cedar and the live oak, usually draped in southern long moss; south of Cape Fear river are palmettos, magnolias, prickly ash, the American olive and mock orange; along streams in the Coastal Plain Region are the sour gum, the sweet bay and several species of oak; but the tree that is most predominant throughout the upland portion of this region is the long-leaf or southern pine.
Several other pines are found, and among the less important timber trees are black spruce, Carolina balsam, beeches, ashes, sycamore or button wood, sweet gum and lindens.
This property is usually obtained by mixing soft and hard soaps, or, more rarely, by adding gum tragacanth to a hard soap. In the textile trades the wool scourer employs a neutral olive-oil soap, or, on account of its cheapness, a neutral curd or curd mottled brand; the cotton cleanser, on the other hand, uses an alkaline soap, but for cleaning printed cottons a neutral olive-oil curd soap is used, for, in this case, free alkali and resin are objectionable; olive-oil soap, free from caustic alkali, but often with sodium carbonate, is also used in cleansing silk fibres, although hard soaps free from resin are frequently employed for their cheapness.
The .modern "balm of Gilead" or "Mecca balsam," an aromatic gum produced by the Balsamodendron opobalsamum, is more likely the Hebrew mor, which the English Bible wrongly renders "myrrh."
The exports are chiefly coffee, hides, ivory (all from Abyssinia), gum, mother-of-pearl and a little gold; the imports cotton and other European stuffs, cereals, beverages, tobacco and arms and ammunition for the Abyssinians.
Where, as in private herbaria, the specimens are not liable to be handled with great frequency, a stitch here and there round the stem, tied at the back of the sheet, or slips of paper passed over the stem through two slits in the sheet and attached with gum to its back, or simply strips of gummed paper laid across the stem, may be resorted to.
Specimens on the bark of trees require pressure until the bark is dry, lest they become curled; and those growing on sand or friable soil, such as Coniocybefurfuracea, should be laid carefully on a layer of gum in the box in which they are intended to be kept.
For attaching it to the paper a strong mucilage of gum tragacanth, containing an eighth of its weight of spirit of wine, answers best.
Cleveland is the headquarters of the largest shoddy mills in the country (value of product, 1905, $ 1, 0 84,594), makes much clothing (1905, $ 10, 4 26, 535), manu factures a large portion of the chewing gum made in the United States, and is the site of one of the largest refineries of the Standard Oil Company.
The Brazilian flora is also rich in medicinal and aromatic plants, dye-woods, and a wide range of gum and resin-producing shrubs and trees.
The incense sticks and pastils known all over India under the names of ud-buti (" benzoin-light") or aggar-ki-buti (" wood aloes light") are composed of benzoin, wood aloes, sandalwood, rock lichen, patchouli, rose-malloes, talispat (the leaf of Flacourtia Cataphracta of Roxburgh), mastic and sugar-candy or gum.
Omdurman is the headquarters of the native traders in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the chief articles of commerce being ivory, ostrich feathers and gum arabic from Darfur and Kordofan.
The processes of evaporation and concentration are carried on as they are in a cane sugar factory, but with this advantage, that the beet solutions are freer from gum and glucose than those obtained from sugar-canes, and are therefore easier to cook.
One or more reserve teeth, in various stages of development, lie between the folds of the gum and are ready to take the place of the one in function whenever it is lost by accident, or shed.
It is an important trade centre, the chief articles of commerce being gum, ivory, cattle and ostrich feathers.
The maple, walnut, oak, ash, beech, elm, gum, sycamore, hickory and poplar, found on the southern slope of the Osage highlands, on the uplands about the source of the highlands and in the central portions of the Red river valley, are valuable for cabinet woods.
Buried in this clay-marl are found large deposits of the fossil resin which becomes the kauri gum of commerce; and on the surface extensive forests are still a great though diminishing source of wealth.
Kauri gum still holds its place as an export, over £500,000 worth being dug up annually.
The number of Istrians and Dalmatians who came from the Adriatic to dig for kauri gum led to the passing of restrictive laws.
European fruit trees and vines flourish in certain localities, while in the drier regions the Australian wattle, gum trees and pepper trees have been introduced with success.
The drug, along with gum, fatty oils, and malates of magnesium and calcium, contains also about 1% of cubebic acid, and about 6% of a resin.
The transverse fracture has a resinous appearance with white streaks; the flavour is bitter and aromatic, and the odour characteristic. It consists of a mixture of resin, gum and essential oil, the resin being present to the extent of 25 to 40%, with 21to 8% of the oil, myrrhol, to which the odour is due.
Extensive forest areas still remain both in the east and the west, In the east oak, maple, beech, chestnut, elm, tulip-tree (locally " yellow poplar "), walnut, pine and cedar trees are the most numerous; in the west the forests are composed largely of cypress, ash, oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, beech, tulip-tree, gum and sycamore trees.
The natural and forest products of Mexico include the agave and yucca (ixtle) fibres already mentioned; the " ceibon " fibre derived from the silk-cotton tree (Bombax pentandria); rubber and vanilla in addition to the cultivated products; palm oil; castor beans; ginger; chicle, the gum extracted from the " chico-zapote " tree (Achras sapota); logwood and other dye-woods; mahogany, rosewood, ebony, cedar and other valuable woods; " cascalote " or divi-divi; jalap root (Ipomaea); sarsaparilla (Smilax); nuts and fruits.
Bottlenoses feed on cuttle-fishes and squills, and are practically toothless; the only teeth which exist in the adult being a small pair at the front of the lower jaw, concealed beneath the gum during life.
When these fires occur while the trees are full of sap, a curious mucilaginous matter is exuded from the half-burnt stems; when dry it is of pale reddish colour, like some of the coarser kinds of gum-arabic, and is soluble in water, the solution resembling gumwater, in place of which it is sometimes used; considerable quantities are collected and sold as " Orenburg gum "; in Siberia and Russia it is occasionally employed as a semi-medicinal food, being esteemed an antiscorbutic. For burning in close stoves and furnaces, larch makes tolerably good fuel, its value being estimated by Hartig as only one-fifth less than that of beech; the charcoal is compact, and is in demand for iron-smelting and other metallurgic uses in some parts of Europe.
Marshall is situated in a region growing cotton and Indian corn, vegetables, small fruits and sugar-cane; in the surrounding country there are valuable forests of pine, oak and gum.
Their merchandise consists of sheep and goats, gum and resin, skins and ostrich feathers.
Certain resins are obtained in a fossilized condition, amber being the most notable instance of this class; African copal and the kauri gum of New Zealand are also procured in a semi-fossil condition.
Resins when soft are known as oleo-resins, and when containing benzoic or cinnamic acid they are called balsams. Other resinous products are in their natural condition mixed with gum or mucilaginous substances and known as gum-resins.
To do this, the natural gum of the cocoons which holds the filaments together must be softened, the ends of the filaments of the required number of cocoons must be caught, and means must be taken to unwind and lay these filaments together, so as to form a single uniform rounded strand of raw silk.
If the water is too cold the gum does not soften enough and the cocoons rise out of the basin in reeling; if it is too hot the cocoons collapse and fall to the bottom.
These bobbins are then in general taken to the first spinning frame, and there the single strands receive their first twist, which rounds them, and prevents the compound fibre from splitting up and separating when, by the subsequent scouring operations, the gum is removed which presently binds them into one.
Up to this point the silk fibre continues to be comparatively lustreless, stiff and harsh, from the coating of albuminous matter (gum or gres) on its surface.
As a preliminary to most subsequent processes the removal of the whole or some portion of this gum is necessary by boiling-off, scouring or decreusage.
To obviate that loss it has long been the practice to dye some dark silks " in the gum," the dye combining in these cases with the gum or gelatinous coating, and such silks are known as " souples.
Both in the gum and in the boiled-off state silk has the peculiar property of imbibing certain metallic salts largely and combining very firmly with them, the fibre remaining to external appearance undiminished in strength and lustre, but much added to in size and weight.
I am not quite sure that this method of weighting was not first used by the throwsters, as sugar is known to have been used for adulterating and loading gum silk for a very long time, and then the idea was afterwards applied to silk after the dyeing operations.
Before the silk can be manipulated by machinery to any advantage, the gum coating must be removed, really dissolved and washed away - and according to the method used in achieving this operation the result is either a " schappe " or a " discharged yarn."
In the first stages of the spun-silk industry, the silk was dressed before boiling the gum out; the resulting drafts were cut into lengths of one or two inches.
At one time also some species were used in the arts for supplying a gum as a substitute for gum-arabic. These were chiefly Ramalina fraxinea, Evernia prunastri and Parmelia physodes, all of which contain a considerable proportion of gummy matter (of a much inferior quality, however, to gum-arabic), and were employed in the process of calico-printing and in the making of parchment and cardboard.
In Rhizopus certain hyphae creep horizontally on the surface of the substratum, and then anchor their tips to it by means of a tuft of short branches (appressorium), the walls of which soften and gum themselves to it, then another branch shoots out from the tuft and repeats the process, like a strawberry-runner.
The mucilage surrounding endospores of Mucor, conidia of Empusa, &c., serves to gum the spore to animals.
In the south the red gum acacias (talh) are abundant.
The chief wealth of the people consists in the gum obtained from the grey acacias, in oxen, camels and ostrich feathers.
Thence was despatched the gum for the Omdurman market.
Rubber, ebony and other timber, cocoa and gum copal, come next in importance.
Acacia arabica is the gum-arabic tree of India, but yields a gum inferior to the true gum-arabic. An astringent medicine, called catechu or cutch, is procured from several species, but more especially from Acacia catechu, by boiling down the wood and evaporating the solution so as to get an extract.
The upright white hewn studs and freshly planed door and window casings gave it a clean and airy look, especially in the morning, when its timbers were saturated with dew, so that I fancied that by noon some sweet gum would exude from them.
As he came out of the trees and crossed the bridge, he passed the sheriff 's car and emergency vehicles, their bubble gum lights still turning red or blue in the thickening snow.
This second manufacture, however, is thought to have been detrimental to the papyrus, as it would then have been in a dried condition requiring artificial aids, such as a more liberal use of gum or paste, in the process.
In 1895 began a marked commercial revival, mainly due to the steady conversion of the colony's waste lands into pasture; the development of frozen meat and dairy exports; the continuous increase of the output of coal; the invention of gold-dredging; the revival and improvement of hemp manufacture; the exploiting of the deposits of kauri gum; the reduction in the rates of interest on mortgage money; a general rise in wages, obtained without strikes, and partially secured by law, which has increased the spending power of the working classes.