Syndrome Sentence Examples
Prader-Willi syndrome is also referred to as cryptochidism-dwarfism-subnormal mentality syndrome, Willi-Prader syndrome, Labhart-Willi syndrome, Prader-Labhart-Will Fancone syndrome, and hypotoniahypomentia-hypogonadism-obesity syndrome.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-Also known as hyaline membrane disease, this is a condition of premature infants in which the lungs are imperfectly expanded due to a lack of a substance (surfactant) on the lungs that reduces tension.
Kitchen sink syndrome -- This fantastic supplement contains not just vitamins and minerals, but CoQ10, amino acids and BCAAs, creatine, green tea extract, and probably a dash of Fairy Dust that cures cancer and sheds pounds while you sleep.
However, language deficits do exist with Asperger syndrome, primarily in comprehension of the subtleties of language, as affected individuals often cannot grasp abstract concepts or comprehend irony or humor as well as the average person.
Angelman's syndrome was first described in 1965 by Harold Angelman, who noted that a group of children in his medical practice had flat heads, made jerky movements, held their tongues in a protruding way, and had curious bouts of laughter.
Disorders falling under the title of autism spectrum disorder include classic autism, Retts syndrome, Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and PDD-NOS, which means pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
One rare problem is called reflex sympathetic dystrophy or complex regional pain syndrome.
Keywords; Short stay ward, head injury, post concussion syndrome.
However, there is no congenital heart defect present and there are multiple contractures with overriding fingers observed with this syndrome.
A syndrome is a group of related symptoms or behavioral traits.
AdvertisementSome consider this syndrome, rather than benign familial neonatal convulsions, as the earliest expression of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Couvade syndrome is found mostly in industrialized societies (Clinton 1987) where couvade syndrome is found mostly in industrialized societies (Clinton 1987) where couvade ritual is not practiced (Helman 2001 ).
We are hoping to show a diagram showing the typical sites where jaw cysts form in the syndrome.
The presence of alien limb syndrome pointed to the diagnosis of " Corticobasal degeneration " .
These areas are invasive species, foot and mouth disease and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
AdvertisementDown syndromeere was a lad who joined us who has downs syndrome he was quite a character, shear determination.
People with Williams syndrome are socially fearless, impulsive, erratic, and highly empathic, but they're excessively anxious about non-social situations.
These include flushing, stunting syndrome, feed refusal syndrome, poult growth depression and poult enteritis complex.
Conn's syndrome is also very rare, caused by a benign adenoma or hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa producing excess aldosterone.
Conn's syndrome is a disease of the adrenal glands involving excess production of a hormone, called aldosterone.
AdvertisementAllopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome occurred within two weeks of starting allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome occurred within two weeks of starting allopurinol.
Millions of parents have already used amniocentesis and sonograms to diagnose Down's syndrome or cystic fibrosis.
It also means that older mothers can be given a low risk for Down syndrome without having to undergo an amniocentesis.
A very few people who have taken asthma treatment tablets called ' leukotriene receptor antagonists ' have turned out to have Churg-Strauss syndrome.
All participants were healthy and did not have sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, or use sleep medications.
AdvertisementThe specific needs of pupils with Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism will be addressed.
Paruresis (also known as ' bashful bladder ' syndrome) is another type of social phobia.
Much of my linux stuff is quite old (the ' ai n't broke ' syndrome ).
Much of my linux stuff is quite old (the ' ain't broke ' syndrome ).
Cachexia You may also hear this called ' wasting syndrome ' or ' anorexia cachexia You may also hear this called ' wasting syndrome ' or ' anorexia cachexia syndrome ' .
Staphylococci - impetigo, ecthyma, boils, carbuncles and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
G.T. had a dysexecutive syndrome characterized by impairments in planning and memory, as well as a tendency to confabulate.
Learn all about chronic fatigue syndrome and those affected by this disorder.
A baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome, or addicted to crack cocaine, is easy to identify.
Are all aspects of visuo-spatial cognition equally impaired in Williams Syndrome?
The commonest is hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome ).
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) OHSS is a medical event distinct from uncomplicated ovarian enlargement.
The center has approximately 30 staff members who are trained to help people seeking help for snoring due to sleep apnea or upper airway resistance syndrome.
An increase in WBCs may occur in many conditions, including infection (viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic), allergy, leukemia, hemorrhage, traumatic tap, encephalitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
It is important, however, to seek treatment at medical centers with eye surgeons familiar with the possible complications of cataract surgery in children with Marfan syndrome.
It is one of the most important single indicators in diagnosing Marfan syndrome.
In Marfan's syndrome, the gene responsible for fibrillin has mutated, causing the body to produce a defective protein.
Marfan syndrome that occurs because of spontaneous new mutations (15% to 25% of the cases) cannot be prevented.
However, for prospective parents with a family history of Marfan syndrome, genetic counseling is recommended.
Families may wish to seek counseling regarding the effects of the syndrome on relationships within the family.
The underlying disorders that usually accompany savant syndrome need to be treated, and it is believed that making use of the special talent of the child with savant syndrome may help treat the child's underlying developmental disorders.
Not until the successful Desert Storm operation, was the national depression, some called it the " Vietnam Syndrome, " partially erased.
With the increased life expectancy of people with Down's syndrome, this is a growing problem.
A few women with Turner syndrome have normal ovulatory menstrual cycles during a short time in their life and so are potentially fertile.
In general, the risk of carrying a fetus with Down's syndrome increases with the mother's age.
The overall length of the cochlea is shorter in Down's syndrome and the spiral ganglion cell population is reduced.
There is also the opportunity of providing better genetic counseling for families with the syndrome.
Ovulation induction with urinary follicle stimulating hormone versus human menopausal gonadotropin for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (Cochrane Review ).
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a short-term gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist protocol in polycystic ovary syndrome.
It may also help those with the ' leaky gut ' syndrome.
Top Our group could not find out why maternal serum HCG was used as an indicator of risk of carrying a Down syndrome baby.
Lounge singers get second-hand smoke syndrome; lawyers get lawyer jokes; cowboys who spend too much time in the saddle get hemorrhoids.. .
Olympic heptathlete and star of Strictly Come Dancing Denise Lewis tells her exclusive story of her battle to overcome Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
This large family of diseases overlaps with other conditions including ' double cortex syndrome ' or subcortical band heterotopia.
Effect of sequential porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome aand swine influenza on the growth and performance of finishing pigs.
Withdrawal results in a migraine-like headache which has led sufferers to treat with further doses, developing a particular syndrome of chronic ergot intoxication.
People who think they have irritable Bowel Syndrome may have undiagnosed coeliac disease.
In fact, there's a thing called irritable Man Syndrome.
This includes legionnaire 's disease, caused by a bacterium, and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) caused by a virus.
About 2% of all cases of childhood leukemia occur in children who have Down's Syndrome.
The patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome are those with high tumor burden prior to treatment.
The authors conclude that familial perisylvian polymicrogyria seems to be genetically heterogeneous, and is an as yet undescribed syndrome of cortical maldevelopment.
Pregnancies and deliveries after in vitro maturation culture followed by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer without stimulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Tryptophan produced in a genetically modified bacterium was linked to an epidemic called eosinophilia myalgia syndrome in 1989.
Diseases mentioned include, stenotic nares, brachycephalic airway syndrome, elongated soft palet and laryngeal collapse.
It allows people to regain weight in a controlled environment to minimize the occurrence of potentially life-threatening complications such as re-feeding syndrome.
This pessimistic outlook resulted in there being much less research into Down's syndrome over the next 15 to 20 year period.
Earlier this year Rosie organized a Music Day in Birmingham for teachers and parents of children with Down syndrome, which was hugely oversubscribed.
This has an adverse effect on multiple organ systems and inhibits ovulation, leading to the characteristic features of the syndrome.
Horner's syndrome, unilateral facial weakness and vocal cord paresis have been reported.
Air pollution, including particulates from traffic fumes, could be responsible for one in six cot deaths caused by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
One of the most widely accepted theories in musculoskeletal physiotherapy is the McKenzie Disk Model (or Derangement syndrome ).
Tommy Rossiter and Brian Williams were both victims of the ' tall poppy ' syndrome we have here in local politics.
Also, many patients with proven Conn's syndrome do not have a low blood potassium level.
His research interests include familial predisposition to cancer, especially type 2 neurofibromatosis, Gorlin syndrome and breast/ovarian cancer.
Patients with fragile X syndrome are also at increased risk of developing mitral valve prolapse, which may be causing his breathlessness.
Acute bacterial pyelonephritis is the most severe clinical syndrome associated with urinary tract infection (UTI ).
In those with carcinoid syndrome features of pellagra, tricuspid regurgitation or pulmonary stenosis may be present.
If a pregnant woman catches rubella in the early stages of pregnancy, her child can be born with congenital rubella syndrome.
Additionally, information is provided on squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's Syndrome and vaccine associated sarcomas.
Exercises to stretch the scalene muscles and related tight tissues can relief scalene muscles and related tight tissues can relief scalene muscle syndrome.
This may also be considered in children with Sturge-Weber syndrome with early onset seizures.
These findings indicate a case of primary intrapelvic seminoma in Klinefelter's syndrome.
This is the third case reported of a patient with persistent mullerian duct syndrome and bilateral seminoma.
None of the patients had any sequelae of compartment syndrome at 6-month follow up.
Sjögren's syndrome can also cause dryness of the vagina (which can make sexual intercourse sore ), or dryness of the skin.
Our objective is to alleviate sickness and illness and find treatments and cures for the medical conditions which are collectively called Down's syndrome.
The width of a Down's syndrome skull is nearly normal for that age.
Sharon, a keen sportswoman, died of Toxic Shock Syndrome two months after giving birth to her second child.
Natural surfactant extract vs synthetic surfactant in the treatment of established respiratory distress syndrome.
Waardenburg syndrome is called a dominant trait because only one copy of the gene is necessary to inherit the syndrome.
This particular inquiry concerns a diagnosed syndrome that is likely to be new to a number of readers.
The Drs. sometime call it " overlap syndrome " .
About HIV/AIDS AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
Verity PCOS Verity are a UK support group for women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
The women who had no signs of metabolic syndrome lost a similar amount of weight using either dietary approach.
In some cases the protein leak may be large enough to cause nephrotic syndrome.
It may also help reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
He faked the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome to evade active service.
The charismatic Californian was troubled with carpal tunnel syndrome for the second half of the 2003 season.
They are not used in people who have motor tics, whose brothers or sisters have tics or a family history of Tourettes syndrome.
Among them is Fanconi's syndrome, which is a dysfunction of the proximal kidney tubules.
Sporadic islet cell tumors are more common than islet cell tumors as a part of MEN type-I syndrome.
The dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is associated with rapid initial reduction in plasma urea levels at the commencement of dialysis.
The origin of the syndrome should be described, for example, non-gonococcal urethritis.
Indeed, boxers often develop a form of dementia called ' punch-drunk syndrome '.
Acute bacterial pyelonephritis is the most severe clinical syndrome associated with urinary tract infection (UTI).
Years ago my dad was prescribed quinine sulfate for Ekbom Syndrome.
Sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome appear to potentially react negatively to abnormal exercise.
In Conn 's syndrome, the aldosterone level is elevated and the renin level is low or undetectable.
Evaluating the quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome.
Of 12 recent cases of congenital rubella syndrome, 9 have been in women from ethnic minorities.
Additionally, information is provided on squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen 's Syndrome and vaccine associated sarcomas.
He has savant syndrome, an extremely rare form of Asperger 's syndrome (high functioning autism).
The cowboy savior syndrome is more a danger than retardation.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is an uncommon side effect of infection with staphylococcus aureus.
Exercises to stretch the scalene muscles and related tight tissues can relief scalene muscle syndrome.
Cushing 's Syndrome results from an excess secretion of the hormone cortisol.
These findings indicate a case of primary intrapelvic seminoma in Klinefelter 's syndrome.
Sjögren 's syndrome can also cause dryness of the vagina (which can make sexual intercourse sore), or dryness of the skin.
Increasing the amount of fresh air often helps in sick building syndrome.
Our objective is to alleviate sickness and illness and find treatments and cures for the medical conditions which are collectively called Down 's syndrome.
The ' siesta syndrome ' and a drop in concentration seem the most likely reason why accidents soar in the afternoon.
The width of a Down 's syndrome skull is nearly normal for that age.
Stickler syndrome is the commonest inherited cause of retinal detachment in children.
Waardenburg Syndrome is called a dominant trait because only one copy of the gene is necessary to inherit the syndrome.
The Drs. sometime call it " overlap syndrome ".
Dumping syndrome - This is a combination of things including nausea, retching, sweating, diarrhea and a drop in blood sugar level.
Asperger syndrome sufferers are said to be at the higher end of the intelligence scale.
An example is the " Munchausen syndrome by proxy " theory put forward by Professor Sir Roy Meadow and now discredited.
Symptoms are similar to tarsal tunnel syndrome, except with symptoms confined to the inner part of the sole of the foot.
And the pain will usually be accompanied by the two telltale symptoms of a compartment syndrome - numbness and weakness.
Thickening of this skin indicates a higher risk of Down 's syndrome.
The data indicate that there is a tendency toward primary thyroid dysfunction in Down 's syndrome.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is the most common and severe form of multiple tic disorder.
It has been reported in children born from identical twin pregnancies which were complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
Among them is Fanconi 's syndrome, which is a dysfunction of the proximal kidney tubules.
This irritant effect is a component of the classical syndrome known as " tulip fingers ".
Repressed memory syndrome, stories of satanic abuse and ufo abduction scenarios all relate to that sense of having to distrust personal experience.
Causes Acute compartment syndrome can be caused by unaccustomed exercise.
False positive screening results that incorrectly suggest an increased risk of Down 's syndrome can therefore lead to the loss of some unaffected pregnancies.
Reye 's syndrome has been reported in children treated with aspirin during natural varicella infection.
Research is needed on the long-term follow-up of infants who have developed fetal varicella syndrome.
I have portal hypertension & oesophageal varices, with the added bonus of Long QT Syndrome.
The remainder are said to have the late whiplash syndrome.
Heavy use may also cause a withdrawal syndrome in the newborn infant.
However, don't use any blankets, loose sheets, pillows, or animals in your baby's crib to reduce the incidence of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
It is a common syndrome amongst newborns that they will nap intensely during the day and then remain energetic during the night.
You should always place your infant to sleep on his back to reduce the risk of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
Some babies develop RDS, which is respiratory distress syndrome.
Remember, however, to keep loose sheets, blankets, pillows, and stuffed animals out your child's crib to reduce the risk of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
Research has shown a connection between pacifiers and a reduced incidence of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
Do the baby beds follow the safety standards recommended by the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Organization to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Sudden infant death syndrome is the most common cause of death in infants from ages one month to one year.
Ninety percent of sudden infant death syndrome cases have occurred by six months of age.
Remember, however to always lay her down to sleep on her back to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Potential for the Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome where the shared placenta contains abnormal blood vessels affecting the babies' ability to get necessary resources from the mother.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, often referred to as SIDS, is still a very real threat to infants, and while researchers have narrowed down some of the probable causes of SIDS, parents need to be vigilant.
Sudden infant death syndrome causes and preventions are often confusing, because no clear cause or bullet-proof prevention has ever been identified.
Sudden infant death syndrome, most of the time called SIDS, is diagnosed when an otherwise healthy baby simply goes to sleep and never wakes up again.
What current researchers believe about sudden infant death syndrome causes and preventions is that there are some probable causes.
The Mayo Clinic reports that one probable cause may be the long QT syndrome.
Long QT syndrome is a tiny but significant electrical disturbance of the heart.
Long QT syndrome has a medical test that can be done with ECG, but it's unclear how science plans to use this information to prevent SIDS.
Currently treatments for long QT syndrome are rather involved and don't always work.
While research has limited information about actual sudden infant death syndrome causes and preventions, there are plenty of known risk and prevention factors.
They worry about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), germs, car seat safety, the family dog, family cat, neighbors, pedophiles, baby's eating habits and more.
Parents of infants often worry about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, which is also referred to as SIDS.
The primary focus was on the "Back to Sleep" campaign, in which parents and child caregivers were advised to place babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
While the risk of SIDS is lower than it was 15 years ago, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome still claims the life of up to 10 babies each day in the US.
Although the threat of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is always worrisome for parents, the statistics have plummeted significantly since the early eighties.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is a condition that predominantly affects infants and children between 0 to 24 months of age.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome has been known to affect children of all economic classes and ethnicities.
Too many parents have experienced the heartbreak of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, but SIDS breakthroughs have brought hope for infants everywhere.
The more scientists and doctors understand about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, the more insight they have to offer to parents in terms of education and safety.
Children's Hospital of Boston recently found a link between low serotonin levels in babies' brainstems to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is commonly referred to as SIDS and refers to the death of an infant due to an unknown cause.
There are ways to keep your small children active without defying the family budget or suffering from the "soccer mom" syndrome in which mothers are overly extended by taking their children around from activity to activity.
Effects can range anywhere from headaches and nausea to long-term issues with anxiety and the so-called "wind turbine noise syndrome", a term coined by Nina Pierpont in her book, "Wind Turbine Syndrome".
Milk thistle also stimulates and increases bile flow, which aids in the prevention of gallstones and several adrenal disorders such as inflammatory bowel syndrome and psoriasis.
Evening primrose oil has been used historically for female-related issues, such as symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menopause.
As mentioned previously, it is touted for its effectiveness for soothing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menopause and breast tenderness associated with PMS.
Diabetes is thought to be a condition of what is referred to as Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome.
It seems too good to be true, but this common culinary spice holds great promise as a natural treatment for diabetes and the cluster of symptoms known as metabolic syndrome.
Although it is sometimes touted as an herbal remedy for other conditions such as headaches, irritable bowel syndrome and cancer, there is little to no evidence to suggest it might be effective for those conditions.
Insulin resistance, sometimes called Syndrome X, is actually four health conditions that occur together to form one syndrome.
This series of steps is known as General Adaptation Syndrome, and it will sound familiar to anyone with a high-stress job who is suffering burnout, because every day feels like this to you.
The flexing motion can help alleviate symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, a debilitating condition that causes pain in the fingers and wrists.
They're probably suffering from some serious empty nest syndrome now that you're all grown up and gone, and so they are asserting their authority over you and acting super-parental (and annoying) to compensate.
And watch the 3rd season of Dr Who, because I am officially naming this situation "Martha Jones Syndrome."
Lung issues may not be the first problems that come to mind with alcoholism but it is highly associated with pneumonia and a lung disease called acute respiratory distress syndrome that can be fatal.
A baby born to a woman who uses heroin is at increased risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
The "Superman Syndrome" is common with speed users.
As for venison in particular, some deer herds are affected by a syndrome known as Chronic Wasting Disease, and it's believed to be transferable by consuming tainted meat.
Some people believe that the chemicals used in conventionally made mattresses may be directly related to Sudden Infants Death Syndrome (SIDS).
Have plenty of everyday garments on hand to avoid the frantic wash-so-you-can-wear syndrome.
An example of swine flu shot dangers that some members of the public are concerned about is Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS).
There is a slight chance that someone who has been given a flu shot will develop the symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
Treating restless leg syndrome is about controlling the symptoms until you find the underlying cause of the disorder.
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) affects men and women alike and can lead to sleeplessness and more.
The first step in treating restless leg syndrome is to discover the underlying disorder associated with the RLS.
Treating Restless Leg Syndrome - This common problem disrupts relaxation and sleep.
Learn how to diagnose restless leg syndrome and the common factors that often lead to this sleep disorder.
It can cause encephalopathic syndrome in patients.
Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a breathing condition that interrupts sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea, sometimes called obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, is a condition in which an individual stops breathing during sleep.
Disorders such as Apert's Syndrome can cause midface hypoplasia.
This procedure also involves painful swallowing after surgery, but it has been shown to be effective in treating OSA syndrome.
The tracheotomy is the most extreme type of surgical therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Medication for restless leg syndrome can greatly improve an individual's ability to sleep well.
Doctors must first formally diagnosis individuals with restless leg syndrome prior to making a decision of how to treat it.
They need to understand what the underlying disorder is that is causing restless leg syndrome (RLS) in the individual.
A number of medications available can offer some relief to restless leg syndrome patients.
Some professionals can help you if want to learn more about surgical therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and others can assist you if you tend to avoid having dental procedures because of fear and anxiety.
For PLMS, doctors may prescribe anti-seizure medications, sleeping pills, or narcotic painkillers, the same drugs that are used to treat restless leg syndrome.
Interestingly, PLMS affects up to 34 percent of people over 60 and is commonly found in people who have other sleep disorders like narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, or REM sleep behavior disorder.
Older individuals are also more likely to develop restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea.
Restless leg syndrome may be caused by anemia, pregnancy, some types of medications, alcohol, nicotine, or kidney disease.
Sleep disorder patients in Texas, snoring patients, patients with restless leg syndrome, are all Texans who want a good night's sleep.
Children also experience sleep disorders including sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome and insomnia.
Exercises for restless leg syndrome have relatively little clinical backing, but a few studies have found that exercise may alleviate symptoms of the condition.
Restless leg syndrome treatments mostly rely on pharmaceutical interventions.
Exercises for restless leg syndrome are still under investigation, but they are very promising.
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when you experience nerve damage to the median nerve that runs through your wrist joints.
If you are experiencing hand numbness during sleep and you have a sleep disorder such as sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome or insomnia, you should be sure to let your physician known.
Many sufferers of restless leg syndrome report a significant reduction in symptoms when using skullcap.
Restless leg syndrome involves the urge to move your legs while you are trying to rest.
Of the three types of insomnia, chronic insomnia is the type that can last for years at a time and is most often associated with a primary sleeping disorder (restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea , night terrors and sleepwalking).
This includes restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea.
In addition, patients who use oral appliances for sleep apnea may be at greater risk for developing temporomandibular jaw syndrome (TMJ), a painful condition.
The most common recurring type, known as Sleep Beauty Syndrome or Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS), occurs most often in teenage boys.
Getting the facts about hypopnea syndrome can help you learn how to manage this problem and get a full night's sleep.
Typically, with hypopnea syndrome, there are episodes during the night in which there is some reduction in airflow.
A person with hypopnea syndrome has a slower breathing pattern typically lasting for ten to 20 seconds at a time and then returning to normal.
There are some possible correlations between hypopnea syndrome and sleep apnea and people who have an increased risk for heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems.
Your doctor or sleep specialist may suggest that you participate in a sleep study to determine the severity of hypopnea syndrome.
These include restless leg syndrome, and sleep apnea, and different types of hypersomnia.
That is not always the case, however, as people who do not wear contacts can experience dry eye syndrome.
This reduces "bumper car" syndrome, but you can still expect to run into a bit of a traffic jam at the beginning of each race.
For some, this indulgence comes with a price.The Red Wine Headache (RWH) is a mysterious syndrome that causes some wine drinkers to experience throbbing headaches, flushing, and queasiness.
This has resulted in a syndrome known in some circles as "CrackBerry", where people are addicted to the BlackBerry by Research in Motion.
Although experience with these medications in children suggests they are safe, their use in children remains controversial because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.
This syndrome is associated with abnormal blood clotting, low blood platelet counts, and migraine headaches.
Aspirin should never be given to children under the age of 16 who have chickenpox or influenza, because children who have received aspirin for these conditions seem to have a higher than expected frequency of developing Reye's syndrome.
The presence of other disorders, such as Down syndrome, has also been shown to be associated with cancer in children.
A higher incidence of leukemia has also been observed among persons with Down syndrome and some other genetic abnormalities.
People who are at an increased risk for developing leukemia because of proven exposure to ionizing radiation or exposure to the toxic liquid benzene, and people with Down syndrome, should undergo periodic medical checkups.
The most common childhood vasculitides are Kawasaki syndrome (sometimes called Kawasaki disease) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura-A syndrome sometimes classified as a hypersensitivity vasculitis, associated with a variety of digestive symptoms, pain in the joints, and kidney involvement.
Kawasaki syndrome-A syndrome of unknown origin that affects the skin, mucous membranes, and the immune system of infants and young children.
So do three out of every five people who develop streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
This group of defects is sometimes called the TORCH syndrome.
With symptoms usually first appearing in childhood, the characteristics of this rare syndrome include pancreatic dysfunction and anemia (low red blood cells).
Difficulty gaining weight, diarrhea, and enlarged liver are other signs of Pearson syndrome.
This syndrome is called aseptic meningitis.
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can strike polio survivors anywhere from 10 to 40 years after their recovery from polio.
Aspirin should not be given to a child or adolescent with a fever since this drug has been linked to an increased risk of the serious condition called Reye's syndrome.
The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) refers to a group of inherited disorders that affect collagen structure and function.
The doctor should be called if a child has symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Medical advice should also be sought if a person has a family history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and is planning to conceive a child.
The leading causes of infant death include congenital abnormalities, pre-term/low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), problems related to complications of pregnancy, and respiratory distress syndrome.
Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder of the connective tissue that causes abnormalities of a child's eyes, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system.
The most common external signs associated with Marfan syndrome include excessively long arms and legs, with the child's arm span being greater than his or her height.
Most of the external features of Marfan syndrome become more pronounced as the child gets older, so that diagnosis of the disorder is often easier in adults than in children.
Marfan syndrome by itself does not affect a child's intelligence or ability to learn.
Marfan syndrome affects males and females equally, and appears to be distributed equally among all races and ethnic groups.
Marfan syndrome is sometimes called arachnodactyly, which means "spider-like fingers" in Greek, since one of the characteristic signs of the disease is disproportionately long fingers and toes.
It is estimated that one person in every 3000-5000 has Marfan syndrome, or about 50,000 people in the United States.
Marfan syndrome is one of the more common inheritable disorders.
Marfan syndrome is caused by a single gene for fibrillin on chromosome 15, which is inherited in most cases from an affected parent.
The syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means that someone who has it has a 50 percent chance of passing it on to any offspring.
Another important genetic characteristic of Marfan syndrome is variable expression.
This is the most serious potential complication of Marfan syndrome.
Marfan syndrome causes an increase in the length of the child's bones, with decreased support from the ligaments that hold the bones together.
Although the visual problems that are related to Marfan syndrome are rarely life-threatening, they are important in that they may be the child's first indication of the disorder.
This condition is an important indication for diagnosis of the syndrome because there are relatively few other disorders that produce it.
Glaucoma. This condition is much more prevalent in children with Marfan syndrome than in the general population.
Prospective parents with a family history of Marfan syndrome should check with their doctor concerning genetic counseling.
Also a doctor should be called if a child has symptoms suggestive of Marfan syndrome.
The importance of the slit-lamp examination is that it allows the doctor to detect a dislocated lens, which is a significant indication of the syndrome.
The symptoms of Marfan syndrome in some children resemble the symptoms of homocystinuria, which is an inherited disorder marked by extremely high levels of homocystine in the child's blood and urine.
In other cases, the diagnosis remains uncertain because of the mildness of the child's symptoms, the absence of a family history of the syndrome, and other variables.
Some children find that the syndrome has little impact on their overall lifestyle; others have found their lives centered on the disorder.
By 1995, the life expectancy of people with the syndrome increased to 72 years, up from 48 years in 1972.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited disorder of the nervous system, characterized by a variable expression of unwanted movements and noises (tics).
Tourette syndrome is also known as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, named after Gilles de la Tourette, a French neurologist who first described the syndrome in 1885.
Children with Tourette syndrome show symptoms before the age of 18, usually around age seven, and have symptoms that usually last into adulthood.
The symptoms of Tourette syndrome are usually motor and/or vocal tics, although in some children other symptoms such as socially inappropriate comments, and socially inappropriate or self-injurious behaviors sometimes occur.
Children with Tourette syndrome are more likely to have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficient disorder (ADD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The symptoms of Tourette syndrome are extremely variable over time, with some symptoms beginning and some ceasing to be a problem as the child grows.
Many people with Tourette syndrome experience a decrease in symptoms as they age, and some people see a complete disappearance of their symptoms.
Tourette syndrome is found in all populations and all ethnic groups, but is three to four times more common in males than females.
The exact frequency of Tourette syndrome is unknown, but estimates range from 0.05 percent to 2 percent.
Estimates vary widely in part because many people with Tourette syndrome have very mild symptoms and may not seek medical attention.
It is estimated that there are about 1,000 new cases of Tourette syndrome diagnosed in the United States every year.
The causes of Tourette syndrome are not fully understood.
Most studies agree that symptoms of Tourette syndrome involve the chemicals in the brain that help transmit information from one nerve cell in the brain to another.
Some studies suggest that the tics in Tourette syndrome are caused by an increased amount of a neurotransmitter called dopamine.
Most studies suggest that Tourette syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with decreased penetrance.
There is some evidence that females who inherit the Tourette syndrome gene have a lower probability of exhibiting symptoms than males who inherit the gene.
The principal symptoms of Tourette syndrome include simple and complex motor and vocal tics.
Perhaps the most striking example of this is coprolalia, the involuntary expression of obscene or socially inappropriate words or phrases, which occurs in fewer than one-third of people with Tourette syndrome.
Tourette syndrome has a variable age of onset, and tics can start anytime between infancy and age 18.
Not only is there extreme variability in symptoms among individuals with Tourette syndrome, but individuals commonly experience variability in type, frequency, and severity of symptoms over the course of their lifetime.
Adolescents with Tourette syndrome often experience unpredictable and more severe than usual symptoms, which may be related to fluctuating hormone levels and decreased compliance in taking medications.
Many people who as children have Tourette syndrome experience a decrease in symptoms or a complete end to symptoms in their adult years.
People with Tourette syndrome are more likely to exhibit non-obscene, socially inappropriate behaviors such as expressing insulting or socially unacceptable comments or performing socially unacceptable actions.
It is not known whether these symptoms stem from more general dysfunction of impulse control that might be part of Tourette syndrome.
Tourette syndrome appears to also be associated with attention deficit disorder (ADD), a disorder characterized by a short attention span and impulsivity, and in some cases hyperactivity.
Researchers have found that 21 to 90 percent of individuals with Tourette syndrome also exhibit symptoms of ADD.
Symptoms of OCD are present in 1.9 to 3 percent of the general population, whereas 28 to 50 percent of people with Tourette syndrome have symptoms of OCD.
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is also seen more frequently in those with Tourette syndrome.
Approximately 34 to 53 percent of individuals with Tourette syndrome exhibit some form of self-injuring behavior.
The SIB is often related to OCD but can also occur in those with Tourette syndrome who do not have OCD.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are also found more commonly in people with Tourette syndrome.
It is not clear, however, whether these are symptoms of Tourette syndrome or occur as a result of having to deal with the symptoms of moderate to severe Tourette syndrome.
Parents should call the doctor if they notice the symptoms of Tourette syndrome.
Tourette syndrome cannot be diagnosed through laboratory tests.
The diagnosis of Tourette syndrome is made by observing and interviewing the child, looking at the family's medical history, and talking to the child's family and sometimes to other caregivers.
The diagnosis of Tourette syndrome is complicated by a variety of factors.
The extreme range of symptoms of this disorder can make it difficult to differentiate Tourette syndrome from other disorders with similar symptoms.
Although there is some disagreement over what criteria should be used to diagnose Tourette syndrome, the most common aid in the diagnosis is the DSM-IV.
The DSM-IV outlines suggested diagnostic criteria for a variety of conditions, including Tourette syndrome.
Some physicians criticize the DSM-IV criteria, arguing that they do not include the full range of behaviors and symptoms seen in Tourette syndrome.
Others criticize the criteria because they limit the diagnosis to those who experience a significant impairment, which may exclude individuals who have the syndrome but exhibit milder symptoms.
For these reasons many physicians use their clinical judgment as well as the DSM-IV criteria as a guide to diagnosing Tourette syndrome.
The treatment and management of Tourette syndrome varies from patient to patient and should focus on the alleviation of the symptoms that are most bothersome to the individual or that cause the most interference with daily functioning.
Counseling may also help individuals to cope better with the symptoms of Tourette syndrome and to have more positive social interactions.
The education of family members, teachers, and peers about Tourette syndrome can be helpful and may help to foster acceptance and prevent social isolation.
Many people with mild symptoms of Tourette syndrome never require medication.
As of 2004, the most effective treatment of tics associated with Tourette syndrome involved the use of drugs such as haloperidol, pimozide, sulpiride, and tiapride, which decrease the amount of dopamine in the body.
Clonidine used in conjunction with such stimulants as Ritalin may be useful for treating people with Tourette syndrome who also have symptoms of ADD.
Stimulants should be used with caution in individuals with Tourette syndrome, since they can sometimes increase the frequency and severity of tics.
In many cases the treatment of Tourette syndrome with medications can be discontinued after adolescence.
The prognosis for Tourette syndrome is fairly good.
Although symptoms generally get worse during early adolescence, many people with Tourette syndrome experience a lessening of the severity of their symptoms during late adolescence and early adulthood.
Approximately one third of children with Tourette syndrome will experience complete or nearly complete remission during their late adolescent and early adult years.
It is difficult to tell how many children with Tourette syndrome experience complete remission over their entire adult lives, but it has been estimated to be about 8 percent.
People with Tourette syndrome who have other symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit disorder, and self-injurious behavior usually have a poorer prognosis.
There is no known way to prevent Tourette syndrome.
Tourette syndrome does not, in itself, negatively affect intelligence or cognition.
It is also sometimes associated with learning and psychological disorders, many of which are often more debilitating than Tourette syndrome itself.
Tourette syndrome does not reduce life expectancy.
Children with Tourette syndrome often have problems socializing because of embarrassment over uncontrollable tics and negative reactions from parents, teachers, and peers who do not understand the disorder.
Children with Tourette syndrome may need special attention to help them cope with the social implications of their disorder.
Williams syndrome (WS) is sometimes also referred to as Williams-Beuren syndrome.
In addition, a child with Williams syndrome often exhibits sloping shoulders or an elongated neck.
Many individuals with Williams syndrome have heart disorders, typically supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), which is a narrowing of the aorta.
Poor muscle tone and problems with the skeletal joints become evident as a child with Williams syndrome moves into adolescence.
Williams syndrome babies typically have a low birth weight and are often diagnosed as failing to thrive.
By the time a child with Williams syndrome is ready to enter school, mild to severe learning difficulties may appear, including impulsiveness and poor concentration.
In the later elementary school years, a child with Williams syndrome may be more adept at producing language than at comprehending it.
Throughout childhood, the child with Williams syndrome may exhibit deficits in the ability to reason and in self-help skills.
Special care needs to be taken when children with Williams syndrome are given anesthesia.
Williams syndrome is present from birth, although it often remains undiagnosed until a later stage of development.
After reviewing the child's medical and family history, physical condition, and observing the child's behavior, a specialist in birth defects may identify Williams syndrome.
In many cases, a heart murmur or suspected heart disorder may lead a cardiologist to suspect Williams syndrome, since an estimated 70 to 75 percent of people with WS have mild to severe cardiovascular problems.
Williams syndrome cannot be cured, but the ensuing symptoms, developmental delays, learning problems, and behaviors can be treated.
However, each year more individuals with William syndrome are able to live independently in supervised apartment settings.
There was as of 2004 no known way to prevent Williams syndrome.
Children with Williams syndrome usually grow up physically healthy as long as they receive treatment for any problems, especially cardiac problems, that arise.
The amount of independence that a child with Williams syndrome will eventually be able to achieve usually depends on the particular symptoms of that child.
Dysthymia is prevalent in patients with certain medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis, AIDS, hypothyroidism, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, and post-cardiac transplantation.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation.
Severe forms of this syndrome are referred to as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
Derman, O., et al. "Premenstrual syndrome and associated symptoms in adolescent girls."
In other cases, the child's reaction is due to an underlying digestive disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome, which is a chronic condition that is often triggered by specific types of food.
Mental retardation may be caused by an inherited abnormality of the genes, such as fragile X syndrome.
Examples of such accidents are development of an extra chromosome 18 (trisomy 18) and Down syndrome.
Down syndrome is caused by an abnormality in the development of chromosome 21.
Fetal alcohol syndrome affects one in 600 children in the United States.
In the case of Down syndrome, which involves distinctive physical characteristics, a diagnosis can usually be made shortly after birth.
People with Down syndrome develop in later life the brain changes that characterize Alzheimer's disease and may develop the clinical symptoms of this disease as well.
Children with Down syndrome have varying degrees of mental retardation and may have heart defects.
Hypotonia, also called floppy infant syndrome or infantile hypotonia, is a condition of decreased muscle tone.
Battered child syndrome (BCS) refers to non-accidental injuries sustained by a child as a result of physical abuse, usually inflicted by an adult caregiver.
Internal injuries, cuts, burns, bruises, and broken or fractured bones are all possible results of battered child syndrome.
Battered child syndrome is most often diagnosed by an emergency room physician or pediatrician, or by teachers or social workers.
Medical treatment for battered child syndrome will vary according to the type of injury incurred.
Recognizing the potential for child abuse and the seeking or offering of intervention, counseling, and training in good parenting skills before battered child syndrome occurs is the best way to prevent abuse.
Aspirin, however, should not be given to a child or adolescent with a fever since this drug has been linked to an increased risk of Reye's syndrome.
The child may have the rare Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, which requires additional medical care.
Vineland has also been proven to be an accurate resource for predicting autism and Asperger syndrome, among other diagnoses.
Thirty percent of infants with Turner syndrome, for example, also have coarctation.
A special type of blood test called a karyotype may be done to analyze the girl's chromosomes if the doctor suspects Turner's syndrome or another genetic disorder.
It is estimated that amniotic band syndrome occurs in between one in 12,000 and one in 15,000 live births.
The course of infection tends to be more serious in children who are immunocompromised, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or those who have a disease that disrupts normal immune response (e.g. human immunodeficiency syndrome [HIV]).
Parents are advised not to give children aspirin for fever because of a side effect called Reye syndrome, which may cause liver failure.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-A disease associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that attacks the immune system.
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), also called Louis-Bar syndrome or cerebello-oculocutaneous telangiectasia, is a rare, inherited disease that attacks the neurological and immune systems of children.
Establishing a diagnosis for ataxia telangiectasia is most difficult in very young children, primarily because the full-blown syndrome is not yet apparent.
Other disorders in this group are TNF-receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), hyper-IgD syndrome (HIDS), and familial Hibernian fever.
Similar syndromes of periodic fever and inflammation include familial Hibernian fever and hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome, but both are much less common than FMF.
Untreated atrial septal defect can lead to pulmonary hypertension, chest infection, Eisenmenger's syndrome, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, stroke, or right-sided heart failure.
Eisenmenger's syndrome is a serious condition that leads to heart failure and can result in death by age 40 if left untreated.
Undiagnosed late apnea can be fatal and is associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)-The general term given to "crib deaths" of unknown causes.
If the bite is off, the patient may develop a painful disorder called temporomandibular joint syndrome.
Also called temporomandibular joint syndrome.
Although rare, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a condition in which the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, is the most serious congenital cardiovascular defect.
With this syndrome, blood returning from the lungs must flow through an opening or hole in the wall between the atria, called an atrial septal defect.
In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the baby seems normal at birth, but as the ductus closes, blood cannot reach the aorta and circulation fails.
If left untreated, hypoplastic left heart syndrome is always fatal.
Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital syndrome that causes malformed tricuspid valve leaflets, which allow blood to leak between the right ventricle and the right atrium.
Brugada syndrome is another rare congenital cardiovascular defect that appears in adulthood and may cause sudden death if untreated.
Scientists believe that Brugada syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene SCN5A, which involves cardiac sodium channels.
Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that causes tears in the aorta.
Since the disease also causes excessive bone growth, most Marfan syndrome patients are over 6 ft (1.8 m) tall.
Researchers believe the defect responsible for Marfan's syndrome is found in gene FBN1 on chromosome 15.
In addition, there are many genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome or Turner's syndrome, which affect multiple organs and can cause congenital cardiovascular defects.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most serious type of congenital heart disease.
Its presence is one of the defining parameters (along with retinal hemorrhage) of shaken baby syndrome.
Infants and children should be checked by a doctor if they have had a hard fall or accident in which they have hit their head or if child abuse or shaken baby syndrome is suspected.
Treatment at home should consist of acetaminophen for fever and comfort (not aspirin, which has been implicated in Reye's syndrome in children), increased intake of liquids, and a cool water vaporizer.
In the early 2000s, however, condoms are just as important as a device for preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially HIV, the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
These diseases include diabetes, Down syndrome, AIDS, and any disease or condition that compromises the immune system and reduces the number of white blood cells in the body for extended periods.
Children with measles should never be given aspirin, as aspirin is correlated with the fatal disease Reye's syndrome.
Withdrawal-The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for alcohol includes feelings of irritability or anxiety, elevated blood pressure and pulse, tremors, and clammy skin.
The four most common causes of dwarfism in children are achondroplasia, Turner syndrome, inadequate pituitary function (pituitary dwarfism), and lack of emotional or physical nurturance.
Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality occurring only in females in whom one of the X chromosomes is missing or defective.
Girls with Turner syndrome are usually between 4.5 and 5 feet (137-152 cm) tall.
The prevalence of Turner syndrome is widely reported as being approximately one per 2,500 live female births.
There are many causes of mental retardation, including identified genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, or fragile X syndrome.
Sometimes called the "chatterbox syndrome," this linguistic sophistication belies their poor ability to deal with the world.
For example, in hydrocephalic children and Williams syndrome, language skills may be preserved to a degree greater than their general intellectual level.
In other groups, including Down syndrome, there may be more delay in language than in other mental abilities.
The Down syndrome adolescent with an IQ of around 50 points does not seem to progress beyond the grammatical level of the normally intelligent child at three years, with short sentences that are restricted in variety and complexity.
Children with Down syndrome are also particularly delayed in speech development.
This is due in part to the facial abnormalities that characterize this syndrome, including a relatively large tongue.
Speech therapy can be a considerable aid to many children with language disorders For example, it can help to make a Down syndrome child's speech more intelligible.
Despite the delay, children with Down syndrome are often quite sociable and interested in language for conversation.
About one child in 100,000 is born with Hurler syndrome.
Symptoms of Hurler syndrome are often evident within the first year or two after birth.
Other common problems include heart valve dysfunction, thickening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), enlarged spleen and liver, clouding of the cornea, hearing loss, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Approximately one baby in 115,000 is born with Hurler-Scheie syndrome.
These individuals may develop some of the same physical features as those with Hurler syndrome, but usually they are not as severe.
Scheie syndrome is the mild form of MPS I.
About one baby in 500,000 is born with Scheie syndrome.
Hunter syndrome is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulphatase.
All individuals with Hunter syndrome are male, because the gene that causes the condition is located on their single X chromosome.
Like many MPS conditions, Hunter syndrome is divided into two forms, mild and severe.
About one in 110,000 males are born with Hunter syndrome, with the severe form being three times more common than the mild form.
Males with the mild form of Hunter syndrome develop physical differences similar to the males with the severe form, but not as quickly.
Males with mild Hunter syndrome can have a normal life span and some have had children.
Most males with Hunter syndrome develop joint stiffness, chronic diarrhea, enlarged liver and spleen, heart valve problems, hearing loss, and kyphosis.
It was later discovered that the physical symptoms associated with Sanfilippo syndrome could be caused by a deficiency in one of four enzymes.
It is also highly variable, but symptoms are generally similar to those seen in individuals with Hurler syndrome.
Taken together, these conditions are called congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
The total cost of alcohol use by young people, including automobile crashes, violent crime, alcohol poisoning, burns, drowning, suicide attempts, and fetal alcohol syndrome is more than 58 billion dollars each year.
Up to 60 percent of persons who sustain a mild brain injury continue to experience a range of symptoms called postconcussion syndrome as long as six months or a year after the injury.
In the case of mild head injury or postconcussion syndrome, CT and MRI scans, electroencephalograms (EEG), and routine neurological evaluations all may be normal because the damage is so subtle.
The most common example is carpal tunnel syndrome, which occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through a narrow channel in the wrist.
It is also occasionally associated with autism, Tourette syndrome, and schizophrenia.
Another possible complication is compartment syndrome, a painful condition resulting from the expansion of enclosed tissue and that may occur when a body part is immobilized in a cast.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the third leading cause of infant death.
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)-A potentially fatal complication of E. coli infection characterized by kidney failure and destruction of red blood cells.
Other causes that should be ruled out include liver disease, alcoholism, drug addiction, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Audiometric testing can also be an adjunct to diagnosis of more serious problems related to hearing loss such a related syndrome or a tumor.
Up to 15 percent of twins who share a placenta (monochorionic twins) have twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, in which the blood flow through the left side of the heart is obstructed, is the most common congenital heart defect that is a candidate for prenatal surgery.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is treated by passing a needle, guided by ultrasound, through the mother's abdominal wall, into the uterus and the fetal heart.
Demeclocycline is effective for the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIDAH), although it is not officially approved for this purpose.
Expired tetracycline has been known to cause a severe kidney problem called Fanconi syndrome.
Occasionally, the symptoms of cat-scratch disease take the form of what is called Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome.
Researchers suspect that the first step in the development of Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome occurs when Bartonella henselae bacteria pass from a cat's saliva to its fur during grooming.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-An infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a set of physical and mental birth defects that can result from a woman drinking alcohol during her pregnancy.
The syndrome is characterized by brain damage, facial deformities, and growth deficits.
The syndrome is found in all racial and socio-economic groups.
Influenza vaccine may reactivate Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in patients who have had it before.
The condom is the only form of birth control that also protects against sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Renal vein thrombosis is more common in patients with nephrotic syndrome, although studies have shown high variability among these patients, with rates of 5 to 62 percent reported.
Nephrotic syndrome is marked by abnormally low levels of albumin (hypoalbuminemia), abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood (hypercholesterolemia), and fluid retention (edema).
Minimal change disease is a form of nephrotic syndrome seen in children, characterized by swelling and weight (from fluid retention), foamy urine, and loss of appetite.
If nephrotic syndrome is present, the urine test may indicate an abnormally large quantity of protein, and the blood test may show abnormally high levels of cholesterol.
The use of these medications in children remains controversial because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.
The disorder is sometimes called Gélineau's syndrome because it was first identified in 1880 by the French neurologist Jean-Baptiste Gélineau.
As of the early 2000s, narcolepsy is thought to be an orexin deficiency syndrome; that is, it develops when a person's hypothalamus does not secrete enough orexins to keep the person from falling asleep at inappropriate times.
Narcolepsy is sometimes described as an orexin deficiency syndrome.
Illness or trauma during infancy or early childhood, including infections, high fever, malnutrition, or disorders such as congenital syphilis or Down syndrome, can cause misshapen or discolored teeth.
Since then, researchers and healthcare providers have struggled to define the syndrome and determine its causes.
About 30 to 50 percent of infants born with duodenal atresia also have Down syndrome, and some have cardiac abnormalities as well.
In about 5 percent of cases, retardation is transmitted genetically, usually through abnormalities in chromosomes, such as Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome.
Children with Down syndrome have both mental and motor retardation.
Fragile X syndrome, in which a segment of the chromosome that determines gender is abnormal, primarily affects males.
An electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) that records the electrical activity in the heart may be used to check for heart rhythm abnormalities, such as long QT syndrome, in children who have had a pallid breath holding spell.
Children with long QT syndrome may have breath holding spells in response to exertion or excitement.
However, because long QT syndrome is so serious, some physicians recommend that all children with breath holding spells have a baseline EKG.
Kleine-Levin syndrome is a recurrent form of hypersomnia that usually starts in late teen years.
Doctors do not know the cause of this syndrome.
Males are three or four times more likely than females to have the syndrome.
Patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome usually get better around age 40.
The syndrome is marked by episodes of hypersomnia, hypersexual behavior, and excessive eating.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS)-A disorder in which the patient experiences crawling, aching, or other disagreeable sensations in the calves that can be relieved by movement.
Structural disorders such as flat feet, hyperextended knees (genu recurvatum), and hypermobility syndrome (joints that can move beyond the normal range of motion) may predispose a person to developing leg cramps.