Tubular Sentence Examples

A tubular piece of wood shaped as in fig.

Two sections can be distinguished, the Rhizophysina, with long tubular coenosarc-bearing ordinate cormidia, and Physalina, with compact coenosarc-bearing scattered cormidia.

The corolla is tubular with a spreading limb, and varies widely in colour, being white, yellow, orange, crimson, scarlet, blue or purple.

The natives were accustomed to suck its tubular flowers for the honey they contained.

When this is the case the amplitude of the potential difference of the surfaces of the tubular condenser becomes a maximum, and this is indicated by connecting a vacuum tube filled with neon to the surfaces of the condenser.

The gaps in the outer tubular stele, however, are formed by the departure of aerial branch-traces, instead of leaf-traces as in the ferns.

It consists of a large stone chamber which communicates directly with two slightly slanting tubular retorts of iron.

The pyrites is subjected to dry distillation from out of iron or fire-clay tubular retorts at a bright red heat.

Along the sutural border of the elytron, the chitinous lamella forms a tubular space within which are numerous glands.

A tubular bridge unites it with the suburb of Trinquetaille on the opposite bank.

In Lanice conchilega the posterior series of nephridia are connected by a thick longitudinal duct, which seems to be seen in its most reduced form in Owenia, where a duct on each side runs in the epidermis, being in parts a groove, and receives one short tubular nephridium only and occupies only one segment.

Perfect orbicular webs are made by many genera of Argyopidae (Zilla, Meta, Gasteracantha), the best-known example being that of the common garden spider of England, Aranea or Epeira diademata; but these webs are not associated with any tubular retreat except such as are made under an adjoining leaf or in some nook hard by.

The antennae are short tubular extensions of the body wall, sometimes retractile with a depressed tip from which protrudes a tuft of fine stiff bristles.

In Aspergillum the whole of the tubular mantle area secretes a continuous shelly tube, although in the young condition two valves were present.

In addition there is in this particular genus, as indeed in many others, a long tubular spur or horn projecting downwards from the back of the lip, whose office it is to secrete and store a honeyed juice; the forepart of the lip forms an expanded plate, usually larger and more brightly coloured than the other parts of the flower, and with hairs or ridges and spots of various kinds according to the species.

In the majority of the Megascolicidae each sac is provided with one or more diverticula, tubular or oval in form, of a slightly different histological character in the lining epithelium, and in them is invariably lodged the sperm.

If an aperture for ingress and egress, for purposes of feeding, were left in the wall of such a chamber, there would arise in a rudimentary form what is known as the tubular nest or web; and the next important step was possibly the adoption of such a nest as a permanent abode for the spider., Some spiders, like the Drassidae and Salticidae, have not advanced beyond this stage in architectural industry; but next to the cocoon this simple tubular retreat - whether spun in a crevice or burrow or simply attached to the lower side of a stone - is the most constant feature to be observed in the spinning habits of spiders.

Along one line there was a gradual elaboration of the tube until it culminated, so far as structural complexity is concerned, in the so-called trapdoor nests or burrows of various families; along the other line the tubular retreat either retains its primitive simplicity in association with a new structure, the snare or net, or is entirely superseded by the latter.

The flowers are regular, with a perianth springing from above the ovary, tubular below, with spreading segments and a central corona; the six stamens are inserted within the tube.

The Clark cell is made in two forms, the board of trade or tubular form, and the H form of cell devised by Lord Rayleigh.

In the terrestrial type a pair of well-developed wings traverse the length of the pitcher; in the tubular or funnelshaped form the wings are narrow or ridge-like.

The two testicles, which extend far back into the posterior part of the body, are long and tubular.

A frame used to support a weight is often called a truss; the stresses on the various members of a truss can be computed for any given load with greater accuracy than the intensity of stress on the various parts of a continuous structure such as a tubular girder, or the rib of an arch.

The German investigators seem to have a great preference for the H form of cell, but it is clear that a narrow tubular cell of the British board of trade form not only comes more quickly to the temperature of the water bath in which it is placed, but is more certain to be wholly at one temperature.

In the filaments of the gill of Protobranchia and many Filibranchia the tubular cavity is divided by a more or less complete fibrous septum into two channels, for an afferent and efferent blood-current.

The asterism seems due to the presence of microscopic tubular cavities, or to enclosure of crystalline minerals, arranged in a definite system.

The renal organs are tubular outgrowths of the pericardial parts of the coelom; the reproductive cells are derived from cells lining the generative portion.

Within this muscular tube lies a parenchymatous tissue which may be uniform (Cestodes) or differentiated into a central or digestive, and a peripheral portion (some Turbellaria), or finally the central portion becomes tubular and forms the digestive sac (Trematodes), while the peripheral portion is separated from it by a space lined in some forms by a flattened epithelium (most Planarians).

They consist of solid or tubular ovaries which may be single, double or multiple.

Some of these are built in the form of a blunt cone, and are known as conical tubular boilers.

Others are built with the tubes arranged horizontally, and are known as horizontal tubular boilers.

Tubular boilers, especially the horizontal types, are very powerful and economical.

Flowers tubular scarlet, on branching stems, 2 to 3 ft.

It is famous for the suspension and tubular bridges which cross it.

The tubular bridge carries the London & North Western railway.

The first tube of the tubular bridge was deposited in its place on the 9th of November 1849, the last on the 13th of September 1850.

The engineer of the tubular bridge was Robert Stephenson, who was assisted by Sir William Fairbairn and Eaton Hodgkinson.

It is the most numerous genus, and consists for the most part of shallow-water (less than 50 fathoms) tropical and subtropical forms. They often live in tubular burrowings in coral-rock.

These tubular drills were used from the IVth Dynasty down to late times, in all materials from alabaster up to carnelian.

The mouth is small and tubular, furnished with a long extensile tongue.

This is the carpogonium; it consists of a ventral portion which contains a nucleus, but in which no oosphere is differentiated, and an elongated tubular portion known as the trichogyne, into which the cytoplasm extends.

Besides having a considerable share in the commerce of the port of New York, Bayonne is an important manufacturing centre; among its manufactures are refined petroleum, refined copper and nickel (not from the ore), refined borax, foundry and machine-shop products, tubular boilers, electric launches and electric motors, chemicals (including ammonia and sulphuric and nitric acids), iron and brass products, wire cables and silk goods.

The Nematomorpha form an isolated group; at first sight they seem to be connected with the Nematoda, but in reality their only common feature is the tubular genitalia opening into a cloaca, and it seems at present impossible to connect them with the Annelida.

As though to compensate for the loss of this means of defence, the mandibles are very powerful, and some of the bees construct tubular entrances to the nest with a series of constrictions easy to hold against an enemy.

The Dnieper is crossed at Kremenchug by a tubular bridge 1081 yds.

The primary and secondary bars which separate and divide the successive gill-clefts from one another are traversed by blood-vessels which run from a simple tubular contractile ventral branchial vessel along the bars into a dorsal aorta.

They are shrubs or low trees with evergreen or nearly evergreen opposite entire leaves, and dense clusters of small, white, tubular four-parted flowers, enclosing two stamens and succeeded by small, globular, usually black berries, each with a single pendulous seed.

They grow slowly and flower but once after a number of years, when a tall stem or "mast" grows from the centre of the leaf rosette and bears a large number of shortly tubular flowers.

In parasitic bloodsucking forms the mandibles often have the shape of piercing stylets, and are enclosed in a tubular proboscis formed by the union of the upper lip (labrum) with the lower lip (hypostome or paragnatha).

In some of the terrestrial Isopoda or woodlice (Oniscoidea) the abdominal appendages have ramified tubular invaginations of the integument, filled with air and resembling the tracheae of insects.

The mid-gut is essentially the digestive and absorptive region of the alimentary canal, and its surface is, in most cases, increased by pouch-like or tubular outgrowths which not only serve as glands for the secretion of the digestive juices, but may also become filled by the more fluid portion of the partially digested food and facilitate its absorption.

In the other Malacostraca the heart is generally abbreviated, and even where, as in the Amphipoda, it is elongated and tubular, the ostia are restricted in number, three pairs only being usually present.

In some Amphipoda the secretion of glands on the body and limbs is used in the construction of tubular cases in which the animals live.

The shell-gland is formed on the dorsal surface, and the mantle arises as two lateral lobes which afterwards unite by their ventral edges to form the tubular mantle of the adult.

The wings, or aeroplanes, four in number, consisted of light frames of tubular aluminium steel covered with china silk.

Fixity of all the parts was secured by a tubular mast extending upwards and downwards through about the middle of the craft, and from its extremities ran stays of aluminium wire to the tips of the aeroplanes and the end of the tubular backbone.

A complete and functional female flower consists of a single ovule with two integuments, the inner of which is prolonged into a narrow tubular micropyle, like that in the flower of Gnetum.

After the egg-cells have been fertilized by the non-motile male cells they grow into tubular proembryos, producing terminal embryos.

These bands Julius calls dispersion bands, and then, assuming that a species of tubular structure prevails within a large part of the sun (such as the filaments of the corona suggest for that region), he applies the weakening of the light to explain, for instance, the broad dark H and K calcium lines, and the sun-spots, besides many remoter applications.

Julius's phenomenon seems inseparable from grazing incidence, and hence any explanation it supplies depends upon his hypothetical tubular structure for layers of equal density.

Engines, and iron and steel ships are built at a shipyard 2 on the Fore river, and tubular rivets and studs, gearing, foundry products, and translucent fabrics are among the city's other products.

The stem contains one, two or several steles; in one species the stele is tubular.

The anatomy of the stele in the stem exhibits on the whole a progression from a solid protostele through a tubular solenostele to one or more circles of separate steles derived by the breaking up of the solenostele.

The anatomy of the stem differs in the four recent genera of this order, and presents a series possibly illustrating the origin of a number of concentric steles from a solid stele, the intermediate step being represented by those forms in which the central cylinder is tubular.

The rhizome usually has a solid central cylinder in Gleichenia, while that of Platyzoma is tubular.

The structure of the rhizome is complicated, a transverse section showing that the centre may be occupied by a solid stele, outside of which are two tubular steles.

The single genus Loxsoma has a tubular stele in its rhizome, which bears leaves resembling those of some Davallias.

The stem in the more primitive forms has a tubular stele (solenostele); for the most part two to many steles, arranged in a ring (dictyostele).

In front of the brain cavity, the great tubular nasal cavities are provided with well-developed turbinal bones, and are roofed over by large nasals, broad behind, and ending in front in a narrow decurved point.

The tympanic forms a tubular meatus auditorius externus directed outwards and slightly backwards.

The muscular pharynx, extending back into the space between the first and second pairs of legs, is followed by a short tubular oesophagus.

The ventral portion (2) has assumed a tubular character, and has acquired an external opening.

The head is produced into a long tubular snout, covered with skin for the greater part of its length.

It is a tubular floret, split down on one side, with the united petals forming a straplike projection.

It consists of minute interwoven tubular filaments, and has been variously interpreted as possibly representing the sheaths of a Cyanophycean Alga, and as constituting a Siphoneous thallus of the type of the Codieae.

The non-cellular order Siphoneae is fairly well represented in Palaeozoic strata, especially by calcareous verticillate forms referable to the family Dasycladeae; the separate tubular joints of the articulated thallus, bearing the prints of the whorled branches, are sometimes cylindrical (Arthroporella, Vermiporella, &c.), sometimes oval (Sycidium) or spherical (Cyclocrinus).

The seed-like body was detached as a whole from the cone, and in this condition was known for many years under the name of Cardiocarpon anomalum, having been wrongly identified with a true Gymnospermous seed so named a seed are obvious; the which is not tubular, but forms a long crevice, running in a direction radial to the strobilus.

The male sporophylls are similar in form to the vegetative leaves, but smaller; sunk in their parenchyma are numerous tubular loculi, containing large pollen-grains, which are pluricellular like those of Cordaites; the female fructification had not yet been identified with certainty.

Braun devised a form of cathode ray tube, consisting of a vacuum tube having a narrow tubular portion and a bulbous end.

In some people not being able to make the urine acid called renal tubular acidosis makes calcium phosphate stones more likely.

Static tubular aerator a system in which air is blown into vertical tubes submerged in a liquid, promoting mixing and oxygen transfer.

Chrome tubular engine guards front and rear, a padded backrest and sturdy aluminum passenger grab rails are just part of the story.

Both groups had a tubular bandage applied over the compression bandage to keep it in place.

G24 YBB Pit F13 C1065 Find no 4124 One fragment of everted closed tubular rim from a funnel beaker.

Our percussion, including pedal timpani, tam-tam, tubular bells, xylophone, glockenspiel and vibraphone, are available for use.

But the car was well made, with a tubular chassis and aluminum body.

Aria legs and supports are made from tubular steel with a durable black textured coating.

Each size line requires a different size of tubular fid.

The high strength tubular steel frame incorporates a closed double cradle for maximum torsional rigidity and strength.

High performance tubular heat exchangers ensure Rycroft calorifiers offer the most flexible solution to provide your hot water heating requirements.

It grows caudally as a tubular duct which eventually divides to form the isthmus and lobes.

In autumn pale mauve or white tubular flowers appear, borne at the end of long stems.

Tubular reactors with static mixers to achieve plug flow at low Reynolds numbers are of particular interest.

Frame; Self-supporting, chrome moly tubular space frame weighing only 11 kg.

Most obvious is the use of a tubular front fork assembly rather than the aluminum monocoque of Preston.

Gone is the old tubular frame, replaced with a carbon fiber monocoque based around the seat.

Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage.

Conditions under which the perfect hexagonal packing of curved tubular structures may exist are formulated.

By 1912 the organ had become almost unplayable and the electric action was replaced by Lewis with tubular pneumatic.

This was one of the first military repeaters to have a bolt action breech mechanism and a tubular magazine under the barrel.

In addition, renal tubular secretion of creatinine is increased at higher serum levels.

Body forms as cooking pots but with a rectangular handle and tubular spout.

A third way on from the small chamber is a small tubular passage which emerges in a larger boulder chamber with a static sump.

This pan has a tubular tapered steel handle and the original tinsmith made lid.

Chassis The tubular steel trellis frame of the Supersport range represents the best frame technology available today.

The mount came already mated to its tubular tube stainless steel tripod.

The passage became tubular in cross section with a diameter of about 1.75m just before we reached the limit of previous exploration.

They are unbranched hollow tubular structures, made of the protein tubulin (see below ).

The tubular based flowers are bell, star or cup shaped which are borne in spherical umbels 1 - 10cm across.

This all steel fully welded design has tubular legs attached by tamper resistant bolts.

This kit is professionally engineered using tubular wishbones to close tolerance.

Both genera are characterized by their habit of secreting a tubular gelatinoid investment, the "coenoecium," composed of a number of superposed lamellae, doubtless the result of its intermittent secretion, mainly though perhaps not exclusively, by the proboscides of the zooids.

The Fleming closed circuit wave meter, called by him a cymometer, consists of a sliding tube condenser and a long helix of wire forming an inductance; these are connected together and to a copper bar in such a manner that by one movement of a handle the capacity of the tubular condenser is altered in the same proportion as the amount of the spiral inductance which is included in the circuit.

It is generally tubular in form, but in some species two forms are produced on the same plant, lower or terrestrial goblet-shaped pitchers and upper suspended pitchers retaining the more primitive more or less tubular form; in a few species a third form - funnelor cornucopia-shaped pitchers - occurs in the upper part.

In forms in which, on the other hand, the coenosarc forms an elongated, tubular axis or stem, the appendages are arranged as regularly recurrent cormidia along it, and the cormidia are then said to be " ordinate."

The subaerial part is tubular or ovoid, and contains the chloroplast (clil.).

A wing is an outgrowth from the dorsal and pleural regions of the thoracic segment that bears it, and microscopic examination shows it to consist of a double layer of cuticularized skin, the two layers being in contact except where they are thickened and folded to form the firm tubular nervures, which serve as a supporting framework for the wing membrane, enclose air-tubes, and convey blood.

Again some species of Dictyna, belonging to the Amaurobiidae, also have a tubular retreat opening on to the surface of a snare in which a crude attempt at a radial and concentric arrangement of the threads is perceptible.

Gazette, xlvi., 1908, regards this tissue as belonging to the nucellus.) At the time of pollination the long tubular integument secretes a drop of fluid at its apex, which holds the pollen-grains, brought by the wind, or possibly to some extent by insect agency, and by evaporation these are drawn on to the top of the nucellus, where partial disorganization of the cells has given rise to an irregular pollen-chamber (fig.

The petrels, all of which are placed in the family Procellariidae, were formerly associated with the Laridae (see GuLL), but they are now placed as the sole members of the suborder Tubinares (the name denoting the characteristic tubular structure of their nostrils) and of the order Procellariiformes (see Bird).

The Up direction signals have upper quadrant arms on tubular posts.

It has a horizontal round tubular resonating chamber, whose later variant is a large square box with curved sides.

Chassis The tubular trellis frame of the 999 has been designed specifically to work in perfect harmony with the Testastretta engine.

Renal function Normal, healthy kidneys are capable of filtering large amounts of calcium that is subsequently reclaimed by tubular reabsorption.

The polyps are usually tubular adenomas with over 1000 polyps often found in a typical patient.

They are all tubular in shape with a perfectly flat aluminum top.

They are unbranched hollow tubular structures, made of the protein tubulin (see below).

Simple (i.e. without villous component) and small (1 cm) tubular adenomas are very common and have a low malignant potential.

Narrow tubular flowers of white and mauve appear at the leaf-axils towards the ends of the shoots, which are free of spines.

The flowers grow on stems, 1 1/2 to 2 feet high, and are tubular and of a deep crimson-red, the lips a vivid green.

It is at its best towards the end of June, and at that time it carries myriads of sweetly fragrant tubular flowers.

D. altaiense has bright green leaves, and axillary clusters of large tubular flowers of a dense Gentian-like blue, spotted with red in the throat.

J. integrifolia (Jaborosa) - An interesting dwarf perennial, allied to the Mandrake, growing 9 to 12 inches high, with broad leaves, and white tubular flowers about 2 inches long, fragrant and handsome.

M. longiflora, having long tubular flowers with carmine centres, is capital for the foot of a warm south wall.

Sprays of tubular flowers spring upon the upper leaf-axils, deep crimson in bud fading to pale yellow as they open, giving a parti-colored effect.

Silver Berry or Missouri Silver Tree (Elaeagnus Argentea) - Has very fragrant tubular yellow flowers, followed by an abundance of nearly globular, dry, mealy, edible fruit.

Rhododendron Keysi - A curious species, with flowers more like those of a Correa, brickred, about 1 inch long, the lobes of the tubular corolla being almost straight.

From 1 to 2 feet high, the flower stems stout and erect, bearing on the upper part numerous pairs of nodding tubular flowers of a rich scarlet outside, but inclined to yellow within.

The tubular flowers are nearly 4 inches long, and are usually prettiest in the bud state.

The typical form is 1 to 3 feet high, the stems in summer being terminated by reflexed, tubular, waxy-white flowers, which are sweetly scented.

There are several varieties, the best being the early variety now called pracox, of rather dwarf habit, with long, pointed, three-nerved, dark green foliage; the flowers are of great substance, tubular, and but little reflexed at the tip.

It forms a tuft of slender stems about I foot high, each bearing long tubular flowers in July, which are deep red outside and yellow inside.

Butterflies feed on nectar from flowers through a long tubular mouth.

Made for pierced ears, endless hoop earrings have a wire back on one side that slides through the ear and inside the tubular opening on the other side of the hoop forming a complete circle.

The Gemini at Cedar Point amusement park, for example, first appears to be a wooden coaster because of its imposing wooden structure, but in reality it is a steel coaster because the trains run along tubular steel tracks.

The Elite Folding Rocker by Prime Products is framed with gray tubular steel.

Peristalsis-Slow, rhythmic contractions of the muscles in a tubular organ, such as the intestines, that move the contents along.

Pharynx-The throat, a tubular structure that lies between the mouth and the esophagus.

These tests use slender tubular instruments to inspect the interior of the bronchi and larynx.

Endoscopy-Visual examination of an organ or body cavity using an endoscope, a thin, tubular instrument containing a camera and light source.

Air gun or BB pellets that have penetrated the nose or nearby sinuses are generally removed with the help of an endoscope, which is a slender tubular instrument that allows the doctor to examine the inside of a body cavity.

Diverticulum-Plural, diverticula; an outpouching in a tubular organ caused when the inner, lining layer bulges out (herniates) through the outer, muscular layer.

Bronchi-Singular, bronchus; the large tubular passages that carry air to the lung and allow air to be expelled from the lungs.

Sinus-A tubular channel or cavity connecting one body part with another or with the outside.

Thus children and adolescents with protein-calorie malnutrition may show a marked thinning of the outer walls of tubular bones, and an increased incidence of bone fractures as a result.

Another conservative treatment to supplement stretching exercises is a tubular orthosis for torticollis (TOT) collar.

Next, attach the fins to the bottom of the tubular skirt, sewing the sides together, so that it looks like one fin.

Men, on the other hand, often wore -- and still wear -- corsets to slim their body and give the impression of a tubular shape.

This establishment also serves delectable pasta entrees, such as orecchietta, spaghetti with tomato and meat sauce, fettuccine and tortellini alfredo, tubular pasta, and linguini.

They possess a long, tubular FIG.

From the brain these spirits are conveyed through the body by means of the nerves, regarded by Descartes as tubular vessels, resembling the pipes conveying the water of a spring to act upon the mechanical appliances in an artificial fountain.

The cost of constructing the deep tubular tunnels in London, whose diameter is about 15 ft.

As in all such introand e-versible organs, eversion of the Gastropod proboscis is effected by pressure communicated by the muscular body-wall to the liquid contents (blood) of the body-space, accompanied by the relaxation of the muscles which directly pull upon either the sides or the apex of the tubular organ.

The siphon is an incompletely tubular outgrowth of the mantle margin on the left side, contained in a corresponding outgrowth of the edge of the shell-mouth, and serving to conduct water to the respiratory cavity.

It is clear that, if we start from the condition of full eversion of the tube and watch the process of introversion, we shall find that the pleurecbolic variety is introverted by the apex of the tube sinking inwards; it may be called acrembolic, whilst conversely the acrecbolic tubes are pleurembolic. Further, it is obvious enough that the process either of introversion or of eversion of the tube may be arrested at any point, by the development of fibres connecting the wall of the introverted tube with the wall of the body, or with an axial structure such as the oesophagus; on the other hand, the range of movement of the tubular introvert may be unlimited or complete.

Entocolax, mouth at free extremity, animal fixed by aboral orifice of pseudopallium, Pacific. Entoconcha, body elongated and tubular, animal fixed by the oral extremity, protandric hermaphrodite, parasitic in testes of Holothurians causing their abortion.

Other aquatic larvae have the tracheal system entirely closed, and are able to breathe dissolved air by means of tubular or leaf-like gills.

Piercing jaws modified and reduced, a tubular, protrusible suckingtrunk being developed; mouth with hooks.

The iron tubular bridge which carries the line over the Nepean is the best of its kind in the colony, while the viaduct over Knapsack Gulley is the most remarkable erection of its kind in Australia.

Other webspinning spiders (Tegenaria) have somewhat similar habits; and the male of the park-web spider (Atypus), one of the Mygalomorphae, taps the walls of the tubular web of the female before daring to bite a hole in it and descend into her burrow.

Thus in borage it is rotate, tubular in comfrey, funnel-shaped in hounds-tongue, and salvershaped in alkanet (Anchusa); the throat is often closed by scale-like outgrowths from the corolla, forming the so-called corona.

Some species of Strophalosia and Productus seem also to have been moored during life to the sandy or muddy bottoms on which they lived, by the means of tubular spines often of considerable length.

The corolla is generally funnelshaped, more rarely bell-shaped or tubular; the outer face is often marked out in longitudinal areas, five well-defined areas tapering from base to apex, and marked with longitudinal striae corresponding to the middle of the petals, and alternating with five non-striated weaker triangular areas; in the bud the latter are folded inwards, the stronger areas being exposed and showing a twist to the right.

In this connexion his most remarkable achievements were his railway bridges, especially those of the tubular girder type.

Among his more notable examples are the Royal Border bridge at Berwick-onTweed, the High Level bridge at Newcastle-on-Tyne, the Britannia tubular bridge over the Menai Straits, the Conway tubular bridge, and the Victoria tubular bridge over the St Lawrence at Montreal.

The animal body, if it be composed of many cells, follows a different architectural plan; the compact nature of its food, and the yielding nature of its cell-walls, result in a form of structure consisting essentially of tubular or spherical masses of cells arranged concentrically round the food-cavity.

If we consider lines of electric force to be drawn from the boundaries of these areas, they will cut up the space round the conductor into tubular surfaces called tubes of electric force, and each tube will spring from an area of the conductor carrying a unit electric charge.

The rather small tubular yellow or red flowers are borne on simple or branched leafless stems, and are generally densely clustered.

The shaft is lined with a cylinder of wrought iron, within which a tubular chamber, provided with doors above and below, known as an P g air-lock, is fitted by a telescopic joint, which is tightly sinkin packed so as to close the top of the shaft air-tight.

The cage is connected by tubular clips, made in two pieces and bolted together, which slide over the ropes.

But the theory of such a combined structure could not be formulated at that time, and it was proved, partly by experiment, that a simple tubular girder of wrought iron was strong enough to carry the railway.

It consists of a pair of tubular girders with solid or plate sides stiffened by angle irons, one line of rails passing through each tube.

Both belong to the category of " coelomoducts," namely, r- ' tubular or funnel-like portions of the coelom opening to the exterior in pairs in each somite (potentially,) and usually persisting in only a few somites as either "urocoels" (renal organs) or "gonocoels"(genital tubes).