Lungs Sentence Examples

lungs
  • The breath escaped her lungs in a quick sigh of relief.

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  • Cold air made his lungs ache, and he slowed then stopped, buckling over to catch his breath.

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  • Tears blinded her, and her lungs burned.

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  • Dean yelled at the top of his lungs to an empty room.

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  • It looks like one of his lungs has collapsed.

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  • Whips cracked, hoofs slipped, traces broke, and lungs were strained with shouting.

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  • She ran until the cold air burned her lungs and the people were far behind her.

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  • The lungs are small and occupy only the dorsal portion of the thoracic cavity.

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  • If they can figure a way to smoke without getting it in my eyes and lungs, they can smoke themselves to death for all I care.

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  • They assist in the extremely rapid and vigorous ventilation of the lungs, the latter being capable of but very limited expansion and contraction in birds.

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  • In January 1859 he suffered a violent haemorrhage of the lungs, and sought relief by retreating first to the West Indies and afterwards to Europe.

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  • Welch produced oedema of the lungs experimentally by increasing the pressure in the pulmonary vessels by ligature of the aorta and its branches, but this raised the blood pressure only about one-tenth of an atmosphere, while in some of Loeb's experiments the osmotic pressure, due to retained metabolic products, was equal to over thirty atmospheres.

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  • They are very thin-walled membranes, very poor in blood-vessels, formed by the bulged-out pleural or peritoneal covering of the lungs, through the parabronchial tubes of which they are filled with air.

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  • The result was a severe attack of congestion of the lungs in March 1744.

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  • As it flows it takes the forms of sappy leaves or vines, making heaps of pulpy sprays a foot or more in depth, and resembling, as you look down on them, the laciniated, lobed, and imbricated thalluses of some lichens; or you are reminded of coral, of leopard's paws or birds' feet, of brains or lungs or bowels, and excrements of all kinds.

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  • A strangled sob escaped her lungs.

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  • Terror drove her to ignore the pain in her lungs and legs.

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  • In his last work he used, with doubtful success, the variations of the penes and the lungs as additional characters, chiefly for the grouping of the great mass of the Colubroid snakes.

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  • Nitrogen oxides can irritate airways, especially your lungs.

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  • I could yell my lungs raw and not a soul could hear.

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  • The worm inhabits the lung of the frog and toad, and is hermaphrodite (Schneider) or parthenogenetic (Leuckart); the embryos hatched from the eggs find their way through the lungs into the alimentary canal and thence to the exterior; in a few days they develop into a sexual larva, called a Rhabditiform larva, in which the sexes are distinct; the eggs remain within the uterus, and the young when hatched break through its walls and live free in the perivisceral cavity of the mother, devouring the organs of the body until only the outer cuticle is left; this eventually breaks and sets free the young, which are without teeth, and have therefore lost the typical Rhabditis form.

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  • The lungs are engorged and oedematous, and often show haemorrhages.

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  • After all, we both have ten fingers, two lungs, and a tongue located in our mouth.

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  • His health is ever good, his lungs are sound, his spirits never flag.

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  • Regular cardiovascular exercise improves the efficiency of the functioning of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system.

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  • She felt dizzy from breathing off the top of her lungs.

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  • Death is to be averted by such measures as will keep the heart and lungs in action until the drug has been excreted by the kidneys.

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  • If they were the same, then in descending, two things, one of which has healthy and the other diseased lungs, would be the same; and in ascending, two things, one of which has lungs and the other has not, but both of which have life, e.g.

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  • It often left them partially paralyzed, in wheelchairs or iron lungs (a term that's now all but forgotten and will likely send younger readers to Wikipedia).

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  • Deep uncontrollable sobs squeezed the breath from her lungs.

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  • Lisa rolled over, coughing and gagging, unable to get enough breath at a time to fill her lungs.

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  • The world exploded into life, sucking the air from her lungs and drenching her.

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  • With the living shadow staring at her, the winter wind sucking the air from her lungs, and the prescriptions clenched in her hand, she'd never felt less a part of her world.

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  • She brought her elbow around into his ribs and the air escaped his lungs in a startled groan of protest.

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  • She frantically threw her purse open, searching for a tissue, but a violent sneeze ripped through her lungs so quickly she barely had time to cover her mouth with her hand.

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  • But a thing which has healthy lungs and a thing which has diseased lungs are only similar individuals numerically different.

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  • The boys wore long hair and striped sweaters and yelled their college yell every other step they took, to the great satisfaction of the populace, which was glad to have this evidence that their lungs were in good condition.

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  • Doctors came to see her singly and in consultation, talked much in French, German, and Latin, blamed one another, and prescribed a great variety of medicines for all the diseases known to them, but the simple idea never occurred to any of them that they could not know the disease Natasha was suffering from, as no disease suffered by a live man can be known, for every living person has his own peculiarities and always has his own peculiar, personal, novel, complicated disease, unknown to medicine--not a disease of the lungs, liver, skin, heart, nerves, and so on mentioned in medical books, but a disease consisting of one of the innumerable combinations of the maladies of those organs.

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  • Stature is small with underdeveloped lungs.

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  • Common sites include the lungs, spleen, liver, mucous membranes, skin, and lymph nodes.

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  • Other abscesses that can develop from staph infection include those of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, or spleen.

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  • Recurrent and chronic infections of the lungs and sinuses leading to chronic dilation of the bronchi (the larger air passageways) in the lungs.

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  • The doctor will listen for unusual sounds in the lungs when the child breathes in and out and will check the child's skin and the inside of the mouth for rashes, ulcers, or sores.

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  • The doctor may also order x-ray studies of the child's chest or sinuses in order to determine whether lung damage has already occurred or to make a baseline evaluation of the child's lungs.

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  • Good hygiene of the lungs is critical for health and long-term survival of a person with weakened ventilatory muscles.

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  • This condition may result in more infections of mucosal surfaces, such as the nose, throat, lungs, and intestines.

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  • Pulmonary function tests are a group of procedures that measure how well the lungs are functioning.

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  • Some of these tests are performed as part of a routine health screening, while others are used most often to evaluate the condition of diseased or damaged lungs.

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  • Forced exhalation-Blowing as much air out of the lungs as possible.

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  • His tone was kind, even understanding, yet it tore a sob from deep in her lungs.

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  • Water, sand, and hair stung her vision and lungs.

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  • The car came to a stop as a long agonizing sob erupted from her lungs.

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  • Unable to stop shaking, she at least was able to breathe again and pulled his rich scent into her lungs.

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  • A cold feeling gripped her throat and strangled the words from her lungs.

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  • Once inside the barn, she grabbed the pitchfork and a flashlight and then darted out the barn door, screaming at the top of her lungs.

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  • Fire and ice ripped through her, sucking the air from her lungs.

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  • His frame tensed once again, and he breathed in her scent, savoring the way its musky sweetness filled his lungs.

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  • The moon was too bright for his eyes, and the cold ocean breeze burned his lungs.

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  • The ambassador recovered, but Descartes fell a victim to the same disease, inflammation of the lungs.

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  • On the 8th of December 1864, in the full vigour of his intellectual powers, he died of an attack of fever, ending in suffusion on the lungs.

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  • After wearisome and disheartening failures, embittered by the pain of an internal disease, Wolfe crowned his work by the decisive victory on the Plains of Abraham (13th of September 1759) by which the French permanently lost Quebec. Twice wounded earlier in the fight, he had refused to leave the field, and a third bullet passing through his lungs inflicted a mortal injury.

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  • Two years later, at the early age of 50, he died in Paris, of congestion of the lungs, after only a few hours' illness.

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  • His last days were marked by a fine serenity and calm; he died in his own house in Philadelphia on the 17th of April 1790, the immediate cause being an abscess in the lungs.

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  • It possesses only slight influence over the heart and respiration, but it has a specific effect on mucous membranes as the elimination of the drug takes place largely through the lungs, where it aids in loosening bronchial secretions.

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  • In former times large quantities of it were imported in a dry state into Europe for officinal purposes, the drug having the reputation of being efficacious in diseases of the skin and lungs; and even now it may be found in apothecaries' shops in the south of Europe, country people regarding it as a powerful aphrodisiac for cattle.

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  • The patient who survives half-an-hour will probably recover, as the volatile acid is rapidly excreted by the lungs.

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  • If an hepatic abscess is injudiciously left to itself it may eventually discharge into the chest, lungs or belly, or it may establish a communication with a piece of intestine.

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  • Where the blast has to be kept up for only a few seconds, this instrument is quite serviceable, but in longer chemical operations inconvenience arises from the condensation of moisture exhaled by the lungs in the tube.

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  • The heart was left in place, but the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines were pickled and wrapped separately and then restored to the body cavity.

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  • He concluded that this constituent of the air is absolutely necessary for life, and supposed that the lungs separate it from the atmosphere and pass it into the blood.

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  • The final arrest is due to paralysis of the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata, hastened by a quasi-asthmatic contraction of the non-striped muscular tissue in the bronchial tubes, and by a "water-logging" of the lungs due to an increase in the amount of bronchial secretion.

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  • It teaches little more than that the pulse is felt in every part of the body, that there are vessels leading from the heart to the eyes, ears, nose and all the other members, and that the breath entering the nose goes to the heart and the lungs.

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  • Inhalations of thorium emanations produced from thorium nitrate through a wash-bottle inhaler are said to have a bactericidal action in diseases of the lungs.

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  • This bird, apparently mentioned by Marcgrave more than 200 years ago, but first described by Pallas, is remarkable for the structure - unique, if not possessed by its representative forms - of its furcula, where the head, instead of being .the thin plate found in all other Gallinae, is a hollow cup opening upwards, into which the trachea dips, and then emerges on its way to the lungs.

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  • There is general engorgement and oedema of the lungs, with pneumonic patches varying in size and irregularly distributed.

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  • In the Stadtwald, close to the town, is a women's hospital for diseases of the lungs, a government institution in connexion with the state system of insurance against incapacity and old age.

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  • As it is largely excreted by the lungs it may be found useful in bronchial asthma.

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  • Blisters also cause local dilatation of vessels, but are usually applied to the skin for inflammation in deep-seated parts, such as the lungs, though they also relieve pain in the joints in acute rheumatism.

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  • The reason of this appears to he that the diplococcus is frequently present in the mouth or air-passages without giving rise to any symptoms; but when the patient is exposed to chill, and the tissues of the respiratory passages are thereby weakened, the diplococcus grows, multiplies and gives rise to inflammation of the lungs.

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  • It might be mistaken for pleurisy or some inflammatory affection of the lungs; but the absence of any chest symptoms, its occurrence independently of the acts of respiration, and other considerations well establish the distinction.

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  • The post-mortem appearances are also very similar, but the gastro-intestinal irritation is much less marked and inflammation of the lungs is more commonly seen.

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  • He died, however, on the 4th of May 1865, of inflammation of the lungs supervening on a severe cold contracted during excavation work at La Palisse, leaving a half-finished book, entitled Reliquiae Aquitanicae, being contributions to the Archaeology and Palaeontology of Perigord and the adjacent provinces of Southern France; this was issued in parts and completed at the expense of Christy's executors, first by Lartet and, after his death in 1870, by Professor Rupert Jones.

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  • This conclusion is further confirmed by the observation that the amount of carbonic acid excreted by the lungs is also diminished.

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  • In January 1725 he was seized with a violent cough and inflammation of the lungs, which induced him to reside at Kensington; and in the following month he had a severe attack of gout, which produced a decided improvement in his general health.

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  • It must not be used to check haemorrhage from the kidneys (haematuria) owing to its irritant action on those organs, but in haemoptysis (haemorrhage from the lungs) it is often an invaluable remedy.

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  • Biographers have delighted to relate how painfully Demosthenes made himself a tolerable speaker, - how, with pebbles in his mouth, he tried his lungs against the waves, how he declaimed as he ran up hill, how he shut himself up in a cell, having first guarded himself against a longing for the haunts of men by shaving one side of his head, how he wrote out Thucydides eight times, how he was derided by the Assembly and encouraged by a judicious actor who met him moping about the Peiraeus.

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  • In the midst of such labours, and enjoying still full bodily and mental vigour, he was carried off after a few days' illness by inflammation of the lungs, on the 12th of February 1834.

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  • One of the most startling discoveries of the decade 1890-1900 was the fact that a number of forms are devoid of both gills and lungs, and breathe merely by the skin and the buccal mucose membrane (20).

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  • The lungs are long simple tubes in some of the perennibranchiate Caudata; they generally shorten or become cellular in the salamandrids, and attain their highest development in the Ecaudata, especially in such forms as the burrowing Pelobates.

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  • Although the lungs are present in such forms as preserve the gills throughout life, it is highly remarkable that quite a number of abranchiate salamanders, belonging mostly to the subfamilies Desmognathinae and Plethodontinae, are devoid of lungs and breathe entirely by the skin and by the bucco-pharyngeal mucose membrane (20).

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  • Some of the Salamandrinae show the intermediate conditions which have led to the suppression of the trachea and lungs.

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  • In the Apoda, as in many serpentiform reptiles, one of the lungs, either the right or the left, is much less developed than the other, often very short.

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  • Inside the lungs the bronchi divide into smaller and smaller airways until they end up as small air sacs called alveoli.

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  • The main types of asbestos diseases asbestosis A disabling and ultimately fatal scarring of the lungs causing severe breathlessness and chest pains.

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  • The first of these forms of asthma is bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a serious allergy to a common fungus which can grow inside the lungs.

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  • It aggravates asthma and allergies, increases the risk of heart disease and reduces the ability of the lungs to work properly.

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  • Taking three separate 1 mg blisters delivers more insulin to your lungs than a single 3 mg blister does.

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  • It's like using your lungs to draw the air out of a plastic milk bottle.

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  • All other particles that are too small to impact will be carried deep into the lungs and reach the terminal bronchioles and alveoli.

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  • This prolonged hypercalcaemia causes dystrophic calcification of the gastrointestinal tissues, the kidneys, lungs, blood vessels, and joints.

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  • They will also produce a lot more carbon dioxide which needs to be excreted by the lungs.

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  • Pulmonary artery catheter â a tiny tube inserted into the artery connecting the heart to the lungs.

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  • As he leaned upon a thick oaken cudgel his shoulders heaved in the effort to draw the air into his lungs.

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  • For very severe disease causing inflammation in the kidneys, lungs or brain then we use cyclophosphamide with high doses of steroids.

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  • The tortoise also lacks a muscular diaphragm, having only a thin membrane to separate the lungs from the rest of the body cavity.

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  • You may also have your lungs scanned to check for a pulmonary embolism.

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  • A large pulmonary embolus which blocks the main blood vessels to the lungs will be fatal.

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  • A chest X-ray can show if your lungs have become enlarged, which is a sign of having emphysema.

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  • Although cigarette smoke produces emphysema, it does so by increasing the amount of elastase in the lungs.

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  • Hyperinflation of the lungs and a barrel shaped chest is very common in patients with severe emphysema.

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  • Chronic bronchitis and emphysema Chronic bronchitis and emphysema stop the lungs from working properly, typically causing breathlessness and wheezing.

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  • Lesions acute gastroenteritis, haemorrhagic enteritis, haemorrhagic enteritis; generalized congestion, particularly marked in the lungs.

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  • When this dust is inhaled it can make the lungs gradually fibrous and lead to breathing problems.

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  • This dosage induces optimum levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase in the lungs.

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  • It makes breathing hard and some do cough great gouts of blood from the lungs.

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  • The lungs of mice given high dose of either raw or purified iron-containing nanotubes showed prominent granulomas at 7days.

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  • The air tore into his lungs and issued again in deep groans which even by clenching his teeth he could not stop.

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  • He nodded, then sucked a long gulp of air into his lungs.

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  • An aerosol inhaler used with a spacer is likely to get more medicine into your lungs than using just an inhaler on its own.

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  • Because death was nearly instantaneous, the lungs would show no infarction.

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  • Abdominal breathing inflates the lungs from the bottom up, allowing a much fuller breath.

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  • Lupus commonly affects the lungs and has been reported in half of all patients with lupus.

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  • Hence the observer feels the pain, the anguish or the smoke filled lungs and passes that memory on to their progeny.

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  • Diseased lungs may have marked mismatch between ventilation and perfusion.

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  • Lungs, hilar lymph nodes, and spleen are removed at autopsy for tuberculosis culture and histology.

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  • If all these cutaneous manifestations are present, then hamartomas maybe present within the CNS, kidney, retina and lungs etc.

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  • The idea that the basin is ' the lungs of the world ' has become a much repeated mantra.

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  • The lungs ' defense cells attempt to destroy the asbestos particles, but the body's defense mechanisms are unable to break them down.

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  • Ninety-five percent of infants with inhaled meconium clear the lungs spontaneously.

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  • Because they often metastasize to the lungs, I include a chest film of every dog I radiograph for this problem.

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  • Most will need daily physiotherapy on their chest which helps to loosen the sticky mucus on the lungs.

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  • Breathing in through dilated nostrils opens their lungs to their fullest capacity.

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  • Nettles are useful in ridding the lungs of excess phlegm and cleansing the body of toxins and make an ideal herbal cuppa.

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  • Take a front/back (anterior posterior) X-ray to ascertain whether the problem is in the left or right or both lungs.

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  • His breath came in rasping bursts, his lungs felt sluggish from all the sand he had breathed in.

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  • The pond snail has lungs which it fills with gulps of air.

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  • It makes breathing easier by relaxing muscle spasms in the air passages of the lungs.

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  • The absence of surfactant, which normally reduces the surface tension in the lungs, leads to collapse.

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  • The report focuses on nitrogen trichloride as being the cause of the irritant to the lungs.

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  • Yet when the lungs must take over part of the bowel job the breath becomes unpleasant.

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  • Also, an artificial ventilator will not be of any use if the patient's lungs are unable to take in the oxygen required.

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  • The disease caused a wasting of the body with the lungs being attacked.

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  • The larva is also armed anteriorly with a median piercing probe and a pair of sharp hooks by means of which it perforates the walls of the alimentary tract and makes its way into the body cavity, lungs or liver.

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  • In this stage of existence the elongated upper part of the larynx projects into the posterior nares, and so maintains a free communication between the lungs and the external surface, independently of the mouth and gullet, thus averting danger of suffocation while the milk is passing down the gullet.

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  • According to Liebig, man's body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs.

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  • Some of this dust was kneaded by the feet and wheels, while the rest rose and hung like a cloud over the troops, settling in eyes, ears, hair, and nostrils, and worst of all in the lungs of the men and beasts as they moved along that road.

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  • She talked only because she physically needed to exercise her tongue and lungs.

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  • Reduced secretion of mucus in the lungs predisposes to irritation and infection throughout the upper and lower respiratory tract.

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  • Blood returning from the lungs must flow through an opening in the wall between the atria, called an atrial septal defect.

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  • Already your lungs have flown away like a bird and your guts have slithered away like a snake.

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  • It can stay in a smoker 's lungs and may eventually cause cancer.

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  • The main source of dust in smokers lungs is carbon soot particles from the burning of tobacco.

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  • Asbestosis diagnosis Diagnosis involves the doctor listening with a stethoscope placed over the lungs to listen for abnormal sounds called crackles.

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  • His breath tore raggedly through his lungs as he slipped and stumbled over rocks in the darkness.

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  • Natural surfactant can be extracted from animal lungs or human amniotic fluid.

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  • Keep in mind that their lungs are tiny in comparison to yours or a child 's.

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  • The tragedy of Chopin 's short life was consumption (tuberculosis of the lungs).

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  • But not so if the body is warmed up and the jog has also ventilated the lungs and made the heart beating.

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  • Also, an artificial ventilator will not be of any use if the patient 's lungs are unable to take in the oxygen required.

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  • Around the edges of the picture people writhed in agony, the flames melting their skin, the smoke filling their lungs.

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  • By this time both Joel & I were yelling at the top of our lungs too, which frightened her even further.

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  • You must allow your lungs a few days to acclimate to the higher elevation in the mountains before you go on a run.

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  • One of the biggest health concerns for a premature baby is underdeveloped lungs.

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  • These refluxed stomach contents can burn the lining of the esophagus and also irritate the lungs.

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  • Their lungs are literally filled with fluid while they are in the womb.

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  • The pressure from vaginal birth typically pushes some of the fluid out of the lungs.

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  • The baby also experiences hormonal shifts that help them absorb fluids into the body and away from the lungs during labor and delivery.

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  • Some babies have difficulty getting rid of extra liquid in their lungs.

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  • This makes breathing and proper oxygen processing through the lungs troublesome.

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  • The baby does not travel through the birth canal so the fluids are not pushed out of the lungs during the delivery, and the babies do not have the same hormonal changes as those who undergo vaginal births.

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  • Fast vaginal births can also lead to excess fluid in the lungs because the baby has a shorter duration of pressure during delivery.

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  • An X-ray of the chest can detect fluid in the lungs.

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  • The sensor is connected to a monitor that tests the oxygen levels in the body, allowing physicians to see how well the lungs are working.

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  • After a second dose of steroids, his lungs began filling.

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  • The vet called up and said it may be necessary to tap his lungs and discuss a game plan.

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  • I came to the hospital and she did not tap his lungs, but kept commenting on his options.

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  • She was concerned that the lungs might fill again.

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  • Whenever the cat rubs against something or is petted, the flakes are released into the atmosphere where they find their way into people's nostrils and lungs.

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  • Since this litter is made to absorb many times its weight in liquid, the liquid in the cat's intestinal tract or lungs is what gets absorbed.

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  • Some owners fear that the cat may ingest the clay while grooming, and it will clump in the stomach or impact the lungs.

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  • The worms infest the tissue in the cat's lungs.

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  • Although silica may cause respiratory distress when breathed, it is more difficult to inhale into the lungs.

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  • The controversy stems from the fact that bentonite clay litters may enter the lungs and digestive tracts of a cat and trigger negative effects.

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  • When inhaled into nasal passages and further into the lungs, it can theoretically become stuck to mucus membranes and cause breathing problems.

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  • This is a particular problem when the litter has been used and there may now be contaminated airborne clay particulate inhaled into an owner's lungs.

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  • Clay is a sticky, absorbent substance that is not necessarily easy to expel from the lungs and nasal passages.

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  • You will save money and your eyes and lungs using baking soda, vinegar and castile soap for all your cleaning.

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  • Soy candles produce less soot - that dark, ashy substance that coats walls, ceilings is a particulate matter made up of carbon and is dangerous to human lungs.

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  • It contains elecampane root to open up the lungs, and slippery elm to coat that scratchy throat.

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  • It has volatile oils that are believed to inhibit tumor formation - particularly in the lungs.

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  • The last thing you want is to expose your newborn's lungs to these fumes.

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  • Feel your lungs filling from the bottom upward.

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  • Allow your chest and shoulders to move upward as your lungs fill completely.

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  • Mentally count to eight or ten making sure to completely release all of the air from your lungs.

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  • It should be natural but deep enough to fill your lungs with oxygen.

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  • As you do notice how it feels and listen to the air escape your lungs as you exhale.

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  • My lungs fill with air, my heart beats by itself, and I have everything I need to exist".

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  • By moving your diaphragm your lungs can fully inflate.

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  • Aerobic exercises help strengthen your heart and lungs while flexibility exercises improve the mobility of your joints.

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  • Extra weight can cause the heart and lungs to over work.

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  • It can also be inhaled into a person's lungs.

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  • Since it goes directly into the lungs, the effects are felt faster and more intensely than other forms of cocaine use.

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  • I guess it was cool and glamorous when they inhaled/exhaled smoke in their lungs.

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  • I just puffed and coughed from the burning sensation that I felt in my chest and lungs.

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  • If necessary, keep a list of smoking side effects on your fridge, hang pictures of smokers' lungs around your home and office, and do whatever it takes to remind you how unhealthy this habit is.

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  • Some of the substances that street heroin may be laced with may not dissolve in the body once injected, and this can lead to the veins, lungs, kidneys or brain becoming blocked.

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  • People who smoke heroin run the risk of damaging their lungs as well as getting lung cancer.

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  • Coughing - This happens because mucus is breaking up in your lungs as your body purges built-up toxins.

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  • Dizziness - This occurs occasionally because your lungs are now able to take in more oxygen than they did when you still smoked.

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  • At this point, improved cilia (small hairs responsible for pushing mucus out of the lungs) function means that the lungs are cleaner.

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  • Worse, tests showed that the cancer had already spread to his lungs, adbomen, and brain.

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  • In 1996, he was diagnosed with nonseminomatous testicular cancer, which had also spread to his brain, lungs and abdomen.

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  • He has battled testicular cancer, which spread to his lungs and brain in 1996.

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  • The parasites can grow between six and twelve inches long, and an infected dog may host more than a hundred worms which can spread to the lungs and large vessels in the circulatory system.

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  • Supplementary treatment may also be necessary to help repair the parasite's damage to the heart and lungs, and the animal may be susceptible to pulmonary infections for some time afterwards.

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  • While often resulting in the loss of teeth, the infection caused by periodontal disease can also enter the bloodstream and infect internal organs, such as the heart, lungs and kidneys, causing serious complications.

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  • Add that to the coughing, and it seems that she may have some sort of infection or fluid building up in her lungs.

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  • If her heart is not pumping as efficiently as it used to, this could allow fluid to buildup in her lungs.

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  • Their function is to allow the exchange of nutrients, gases, and fluids between the body's tissues and lungs.

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  • These worms live in the dog's bloodstream and lungs as they travel to the right side of its heart where they reproduce.

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  • As the worms multiply, they affect and clog the chambers of the right side of the heart, the arteries of the lungs, and the veins entering the heart and the liver, causing the later stages of heartworm symptoms to occur.

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  • As the heart grows weaker and beats slower, it can no longer efficiently pump oxygen throughout the lungs and blood stream.

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  • As dehydration begins to set in, the fluid in the lungs begins to thicken into mucus, and this makes breathing even more difficult.

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  • The dog may have coughing spasms as though trying to clear his lungs, but these coughs are usually not productive.

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  • A lack of hydration causes mucus formation in the lungs.

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  • Congestive heart failure in dogs occurs when the canine heart cannot pump enough blood to the lungs an body.

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  • Fluid may also build up in the lungs and other parts of the body.

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  • Sawdust irritates lungs and wearing masks helps to prevent this irritation.

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  • Eye protection, a long-sleeved shirt, full-legged pants, gloves and a breathing respirator will help protect you from breathing in or being exposed to insulation particles that can irritate the skin, eyes or lungs.

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  • People who throw up while drunk may choke on and inhale the vomit into their lungs.

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  • This substance, contained in car exhausts, damages the lungs.

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  • This condition enlarges the air spaces in the lungs and is responsible for causing damage to them.Cigarette smoking also causes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

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  • The CPAP mask provides a constant flow of air from the CPAP machine through the nasal passages into the lungs.

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  • In debilitating cases, OHS can cause fluid to gather in the lungs and legs, increasing fatigue and decreasing the body's tolerance for activity.

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  • Fluid in the lungs increases the shallowness of the breaths, creating a vicious circle.

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  • The muscles in this region of the body contract and relax to open the airway enough to allow air to enter the lungs.

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  • Together, this CPAP equipment maintains a constant flow of air to the lungs.

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  • The pulmonary vein carries the blood from the right ventricle of the heart into the lungs.

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  • In extreme cases, ITP may cause bleeding into the lungs, brain, or other vital organs.

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  • A chest x ray is used to look at the size, shape, and location of the heart and lungs.

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  • Hemoglobin-An iron-containing pigment of red blood cells composed of four amino acid chains (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) that delivers oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body and carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.

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  • Alveoli-The tiny air sacs clustered at the ends of the bronchioles in the lungs in which oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange takes place.

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  • Certain corrosive vapors trigger the body to flood the lungs with fluids, effectively drowning the person.

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  • Acids and alkalis can burn the esophagus if they are vomited, and petroleum products can be inhaled into the lungs during vomiting, resulting in pneumonia.

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  • Sputum cytology involves the microscopic examination of phlegm that is coughed up from the lungs.

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  • The hydrogen is exhaled after being absorbed from the intestines and carried through the bloodstream to the lungs.

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  • In provocation challenges, the skin, nasal and oral mucosa, and lining of the lungs and gastrointestinal tract are exposed to suspected allergens.

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  • In general, children whose lungs or kidneys are affected have poorer outcomes.

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  • Candidiasis can affect the skin, nails, and mucous membranes throughout the body including the mouth (thrush), esophagus, vagina (yeast infection), intestines, and lungs.

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  • Other complications may include collapsed lungs, premature aging of the skin on the hands and feet, and ruptured arteries and veins.

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  • This may result in the oil going into the lungs.

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  • These may also cause infections of the lungs and ears.

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  • Sometimes, pieces can be aspirated into the lungs, and even though breathing returns to normal, wheezing, chest pain, persistent cough, and pneumonia can develop within a few days due to the foreign body in the lung.

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  • Following the Heimlich maneuver, dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) and obstructive pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) may occur and require medical treatment.

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  • Diaphragm-The thin layer of muscle that separates the chest cavity containing the lungs and heart from the abdominal cavity containing the intestines and digestive organs.

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  • The name comes from a typical cough which starts with a deep inhalation, followed by a series of quick, short coughs that continues until the air is expelled from the lungs, and ends with a long shrill, whooping inhalation.

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  • Some children with Marfan develop cystic disease of the lungs or recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, which is a condition in which air accumulates in the space around the lungs.

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  • In the lungs, capillaries are located next to the alveoli so that they can pick up oxygen from inhaled air.

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  • Premature infants lack a substance, called surfactant, that permits their lungs to expand and breathe normally.

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  • If it becomes apparent that a multiple gestation is going to have a preterm delivery, the mother will be given an injection of a steroid, beta-methasone, to help the lungs mature.

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  • It is more beneficial if the steroid can be given twice in a 48 hour period; however, if there is not time for this, surfactant has been developed that can be administered into the lungs of a premature infant to facilitate breathing.

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  • Malignant cells can even travel through the body to invade other organ systems, most commonly the lungs and brain.

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  • The most common sites in the body where metastasis occurs are the liver and lungs.

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  • Other studies (chest x rays, CT scan of the lungs, bone marrow biopsy) may also be done in order to see if the tumor has spread to other locations.

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  • These patients usually receive abdominal radiation therapy and lung radiation therapy if the tumor has spread to the lungs.

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  • These patients also receive lung radiation therapy if the tumor has spread to the lungs.

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  • All of these patients receive abdominal radiation therapy and lung radiation therapy if the tumor has spread to the lungs.

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  • Langerhans cells are usually found in skin, lymph nodes, lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract.

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  • Under abnormal conditions these cells affect skin, bone, and the pituitary gland as well as the lungs, intestines, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and brain.

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  • The lungs are involved less than 10 percent of the time, and this involvement signals the worst prognosis.

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  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that affects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands, and male fertility.

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  • This defect causes the lungs and pancreas to secrete thick mucus, blocking passageways and preventing proper function.

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  • Mucus is a complex mixture of salts, water, sugars, and proteins that cleanses, lubricates, and protects many passageways in the body, including those in the lungs and pancreas.

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  • Mucus in the lungs may plug the airways, preventing good air exchange and, ultimately, leading to emphysema.

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  • The lungs are the site of the most life-threatening effects of CF.

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  • The production of a thick, sticky mucus increases the likelihood of infection, decreases the ability to protect against infection, causes inflammation and swelling, decreases the functional capacity of the lungs, and may lead to emphysema.

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  • People with CF live with chronic populations of bacteria in their lungs, and lung infection is the major cause of death for those with CF.

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  • Tiny hair-like projections on the surface of these passageways slowly sweep the mucus along, out of the lungs and up the trachea to the back of the throat, where it may be swallowed or coughed up.

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  • The thickened mucus of CF prevents easy movement out of the lungs and increases the irritation and inflammation of lung tissue.

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  • A person with CF is likely to cough more frequently and more vigorously as the lungs attempt to clean themselves out.

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  • As mucus accumulates, it can plug up the smaller passageways in the lungs, decreasing functional lung volume.

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  • Because air passes obstructions more easily during inhalation than during exhalation, over time, air becomes trapped in the smallest chambers of the lungs, the alveoli.

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  • Sputum samples are analyzed to determine the types of bacteria present in the lungs.

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  • Circulation in the lungs may be monitored by injection of a radioactive substance into the bloodstream.

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  • People with CF live with chronic bacterial colonization; that is, their lungs are constantly host to several species of bacteria.

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  • In addition, clearing mucus from the lungs helps to prevent infection, and mucus control is an important aspect of CF management.

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  • When a person exhales through it, the ball vibrates, sending vibrations back through the air in the lungs.

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  • Some special breathing techniques may also help clear the lungs.

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  • Lung transplantation has become increasingly common for people with CF, although the number of people who receive lungs was as of 2004 much lower than those who want them.

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  • Long-term use of ibuprofen has been shown to help some people with CF, presumably by reducing inflammation in the lungs.

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  • Emphysema-A chronic respiratory disease that involves the destruction of air sac walls to form abnormally large air sacs that have reduced gas exchange ability and that tend to retain air within the lungs.

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  • Symptoms include labored breathing, the inability to forcefully blow air out of the lungs, and an increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections.

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  • Mucociliary escalator-The coordinated action of tiny projections on the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory tract, which moves mucus up and out of the lungs.

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  • In the fetus, blood from the heart to the lungs is delivered into the aorta through a short blood vessel called the ductus arteriosis.

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  • Enlargement of the heart can be seen in x rays and congestion of the blood vessels in the lungs.

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  • They are used to lessen muscle spasms in the intestines, lungs, bladder, and eye muscles.

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  • Asthma-A disease in which the air passages of the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, causing wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

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  • In such children, the virus more often affects organs such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys, and the risk of fatality increases.

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  • Tuberculosis remains an important cause, especially when it occurs outside the lungs.

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  • The infections most commonly involve the lungs and sinuses and are usually of bacterial or viral origin.

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  • Patients who aspirate or have food and liquids reaching their lungs have been shown to improve when thin liquids are removed from their diet.

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  • A serosa is a serous (fluid-producing) membrane that can be found inside the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), around the lungs (pleura), around the heart (pericardium), and inside the joints (synovium).

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  • Pleuritis-Inflammation of the pleura, the membrane surrounding the lungs.

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  • If the defect is large, oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium flows back into the right atrium and gets pumped back to the lungs again, causing more work for the heart and lungs.

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  • A chest x ray evaluates the size, shape, and location of the heart and lungs.

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  • Pulmonary hypertension-A disorder in which the pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs is abnormally high.

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  • Without amniotic fluid to breathe, a baby will have underdeveloped and immature lungs.

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  • Besides the skin and mouth, telangiectasias may occur in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), the brain, and the lungs.

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  • During childhood, stridor is usually caused by infection of the cartilage flap (epiglottis) that covers the opening of the trachea to prevent material from entering the lungs and choking a person during swallowing.

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  • A cough is a forceful release of air from the lungs that can be heard.

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  • A cough begins with a deep breath in, at which point the opening between the vocal cords at the upper part of the larynx (glottis) shuts, trapping the air in the lungs.

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  • As the diaphragm and other muscles involved in breathing press against the lungs, the glottis suddenly opens, producing an explosive outflow of air at speeds greater than 100 miles (160 km) per hour.

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  • A dry cough does not bring up a mixture of mucus, irritants, and other substances from the lungs (sputum), while a productive cough does.

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  • Sputum-The substance that is coughed up from the lungs and spit out through the mouth.

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  • It is usually a mixture of saliva and mucus, but may contain blood or pus in patients with lung abscess or other diseases of the lungs.

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  • Inhalant-Medication that is breathed into the lungs.

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  • This passageway allows blood to bypass the lungs, which are not yet functional in the fetus.

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  • When it does not close in the newborn, some of the blood that should flow through the aorta returns to the lungs.

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  • With this syndrome, blood returning from the lungs must flow through an opening or hole in the wall between the atria, called an atrial septal defect.

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  • The defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to flow from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart and back again to the lungs.

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  • Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a condition in which the pulmonary veins that bring oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart are not connected to the left atrium.

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  • In transposition (reversal of position) of the great arteries, the positions of the pulmonary artery and the aorta are reversed, causing oxygen-rich blood to re-circulate to the lungs while oxygen-poor blood goes to the rest of the body.

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  • In pulmonary atresia, the baby lacks a pulmonary valve and blood cannot flow properly from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs.

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  • When the heart does not function properly, fluid can build up in the lungs, causing difficult breathing.

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  • Physicians also may use a chest x ray to look at the size, shape, and location of the heart and lungs.

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  • Pulmonary artery banding, narrowing the pulmonary artery with a band to reduce blood flow and pressure in the lungs, is used for ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular canal defect, and tricuspid atresia.

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  • Air is forced out of the lungs to dislodge the obstruction in the trachea and bring the foreign object back up into the mouth.

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  • Following the Heimlich maneuver, dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) and obstructive pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) may occur.

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  • The bronchioles are small branches off of the more major bronchi or airway tubes that run through the lungs.

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  • Bronchiole-Tubes in the lungs that carry air from the bronchi to lung tissues.

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  • Antacids are frequently administered to reduce the likelihood of damage to the lungs should aspiration of gastric contents occur.

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  • During recovery the mother is encouraged to turn, cough, and deep breathe to keep her lungs clear, and the neonate is usually brought to the mother to breastfeed if she so desires.

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  • This protein is responsible for transporting nearly all of the oxygen acquired from the lungs to various tissues and organs of the body.

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  • The person's breath may acquire a characteristic garlic odor as a result of the increased production of dimethylselenide in the body and its release via the lungs.

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  • It rapidly infiltrates the lungs and may metastasize to bones in other parts of the body.

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  • Bone cancer is usually diagnosed about three months after symptoms first appear, and 20 percent of malignant tumors have metastasized to the lungs or other parts of the body by that time.

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  • Because more than four of every five malignant bone tumors metastasize to the lungs, a CAT scan of the chest is performed to see if these organs have been affected.

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  • Chest and abdominal CAT scans are used to determine whether Ewing's sarcoma has spread to the lungs, liver, or lymph nodes.

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  • A metastatic osteosarcoma has spread to the lungs, to bones not directly connected to the bone in which the tumor originated, or to other tissues or organs.

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  • Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder in which noncancerous (benign) tumors grow on the brain, skin, kidneys, eyes, heart, and lungs.

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  • The tumors of tuberous sclerosis occur throughout the body, including the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, eyes, and skin.

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  • It serves as a passageway for air to flow from the outside environment into the lower respiratory tract and lungs.

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  • Exercise consists of cardiovascular conditioning, strength and resistance training, and flexibility to improve and maintain the fitness of the body's heart, lungs, and muscles.

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  • In young children, the virus causes a serious lower respiratory infection in the lungs.

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  • Breathing problems occur in RSV infections because the bronchioles swell, making it difficult for air to get in and out of the lungs.

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  • Chest x rays give some indication of whether the lungs are hyperinflated from an effort to move air in and out.

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  • Hospitalization and death are much more likely to occur in children whose immune systems are weakened or who have underlying diseases of the lungs and heart.

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  • When the bacteria spread to the lungs and bloodstream, serious illness, including pneumonia and meningitis, can result.

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  • Long periods of bed rest can also cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs or an infection in the lungs (pneumonia).

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  • Pneumonia-An infection in which the lungs become inflamed.

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  • However, in addition to kidney damage, urinary tract obstructions can lead to multiple abnormalities and depleted amniotic fluid, which endangers the fetus and prevents the lungs from growing.

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  • However, about 50 percent of fetuses with CDH do not survive after birth because their lungs are too small (pulmonary hypoplasia).

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  • Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) occurs when one or more lobes of the lungs develop into fluid-filled sacs called cysts rather than into normal lung tissue.

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  • A balloon placed in the fetus's trachea prevents lung fluid from escaping through the mouth, enabling the lungs to expand, grow, and push the abdominal organs out of the chest and back into the abdomen.

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  • In a successful procedure the lungs are developed enough that the baby will breathe on its own at birth.

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  • If all of the amniotic fluid is lost, the fetal lungs may not develop properly.

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  • Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)-A condition in which one or more lobes of the fetal lungs develop into fluid-filled sacs called cysts.

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  • Plants should never be burned or shredded, as airborne particles can spread the oil to sensitive areas like the face and eyes and may potentially cause damage to lungs.

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  • This vaccine also may worsen illnesses that involve the lungs, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

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  • In humans it affects the skin, intestines, or lungs.

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  • Tuberculosis-Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body, but is mainly an infection of the lungs.

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  • Blood clots in the renal arteries are uncommon, but when they do occur, there is a risk of pulmonary embolism, a dangerous condition that occurs when the clot or a portion of the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs.

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  • One of the major goals of treatment is to prevent the blood clot in the renal vein from detaching and moving into the lungs (pulmonary embolism), where it can cause serious complications.

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  • Death from renal vein thrombosis is rare, and is often caused by the blood clot detaching and lodging in the heart or lungs.

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  • These bronchi branch into smaller air tubes that run within the lungs, leading to the small air sacs of the lungs (alveoli).

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  • Because food or liquid in the bronchial tubes or lungs could cause a blockage or lead to an infection, the airway is protected.

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  • Food is not given by mouth to individuals who are having muscle spasms for fear they will breathe the food into their lungs.

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  • Azithromycin and clarithromycin both reach the lungs and respiratory tract better than does erythromycin.

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  • From these air pressure measurements, the total capacity of the lungs can be calculated.

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  • Taken together, pulmonary function tests give a good picture of how much air is moving in and out of the lungs and how efficiently oxygen is moved into the blood and carbon dioxide is moved out.

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  • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages between the nose and the lungs, including the windpipe or trachea and the larger air tubes of the lung that bring air in from the trachea (bronchi).

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  • Normally, the patient will be asked to cough deeply then spit the material that comes up from the lungs (sputum) into a cup.

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  • Other tests may be used to measure how effectively oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs.

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  • The purpose of the cough is to bring up extra mucus and irritants from the lungs.

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  • Instead they are used to thin the mucus in the lungs, making it easier to cough up.

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  • Bronchi-Singular, bronchus; the large tubular passages that carry air to the lung and allow air to be expelled from the lungs.

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  • During fetal development the presence of abdominal organs in the fetal chest cavity prevents the lungs from growing normally.

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  • The structures that form the diaphragm do not properly form, allowing the contents of the lower abdomen to migrate up near the heart and lungs.

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  • The increased pressure these organs place on the lungs causes the lungs to remain small and underdeveloped.

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  • When the infant is born and must breathe air, the lungs are not able to work properly.

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  • Because the lungs have not had enough room to grow and are small, doctors must stabilize the baby's breathing before the hernia can be repaired.

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  • The prognosis for children with diaphragmatic hernia depends on the extent of the defects of the lungs and the impact of the treatments necessary to save their lives.

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  • Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

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  • Pneumonia can develop gradually in children after exposure to the causative organism, or it can develop quickly after another illness, reducing the lungs' ability to receive and distribute oxygen.

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  • The nasopharynx is the air tube extending from the nose that directs air into the lungs.

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  • The epiglottis normally prevents substances that have been swallowed, as well as substances that have been regurgitated (vomited), from heading down through the larynx into the lungs.

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  • Oxygen in the inspired air is exchanged within the alveoli of the lungs for carbon dioxide, a waste product of human metabolism.

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  • Carbon dioxide leaves the lungs during expiration.

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  • Organisms that cause pneumonia, then, are usually prevented from entering the lungs by virtue of these host defenses.

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  • Aspiration pneumonia is a type of pneumonia in which something is aspirated from the upper airway into the lungs.

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  • This can be food from the mouth, a foreign object or substance that has entered the mouth, or regurgitated stomach contents (vomitus) aspirated into the lungs as it travels to the mouth.

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  • The invading organism causing pneumonia provokes an immune response in the lungs that causes inflammation of the lung tissue (pneumonitis), a condition that actually makes the lung environment more ideal for infection.

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  • Small blood vessels in the lungs (capillaries) begin to empty protein-rich fluid into the alveoli, a condition that results in a less functional area for oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange.

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  • Viral pneumonia stems primarily from inhaling infected droplets from the upper airway into the lungs.

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  • Mucus production is typically increased and leaky capillaries in the lungs may tinge the mucus with blood.

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  • The lungs, digestive system, and nervous system (including the brain) are underdeveloped in premature babies and are particularly vulnerable to complications.

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  • Babies born too soon have immature lungs that have not developed surfactant, a protective film that helps air sacs in the lungs to stay open.

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  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the development of scar tissue in the lungs and can occur in severe cases of RDS.

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  • As the baby gets older, and the lungs and brain tissues mature, the breathing usually becomes more regular.

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  • Most of the blood in the infant's system bypasses the lungs.

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  • Once the baby is born, its own blood must start pumping through the lungs to get oxygen.

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  • X-ray or ultrasound imaging may be used to examine the heart, lungs, and other internal organs.

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  • Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-Also known as hyaline membrane disease, this is a condition of premature infants in which the lungs are imperfectly expanded due to a lack of a substance (surfactant) on the lungs that reduces tension.

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  • Surfactant-A protective film secreted by the alveoli in the lungs that reduces the surface tension of lung fluids, allowing gas exchange and helping maintain the elasticity of lung tissue.

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  • Surfactant is normally produced in the fetal lungs in the last months of pregnancy, which helps the air sacs to open up at the time of birth so that the newborn infant can breathe freely.

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  • Attacks occur when the air passages from the lungs to the nose and mouth are narrowed causing difficulty breathing.

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  • Pulmonary hypersensitivity allergic reactions that affect the lungs and result in rashes and fever may be caused by nitrofurantoin and sulfasalazine.

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  • Hydrogen is absorbed from the intestines and carried by the bloodstream into the lungs, where it is exhaled.

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  • Abnormalities often occur in the lungs and diaphragm (the muscle that controls breathing), and blood vessel malformations are common.

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  • A few patients develop symptoms of inflammation in the liver (hepatitis), gallbladder, lungs, or tonsils.

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  • Certain tumors in the pancreas, lungs, adrenal glands, thyroid, and intestine can produce GHRH, which in turn triggers production of an abnormal quantity of GH.

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  • Without treatment, patients with acromegaly are likely to die early because of the disease's effects on the heart, lungs, brain, or due to the development of cancer in the large intestine.

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  • Normally when a person breathes fresh air into the lungs, the oxygen in the air binds with a molecule called hemoglobin (Hb) that is found in red blood cells.

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  • This process allows oxygen to be moved from the lungs to every part of the body.

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  • In the lungs, CO competes with oxygen to bind with the hemoglobin molecule.

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  • When drowning begins, the larynx (a part of the air passage) closes involuntarily, preventing both air and water from entering the lungs.

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  • This is called "dry drowning," and no water is breathed into the lungs.

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  • Hypoxemia also occurs in "wet drowning," when the larynx relaxes and water enters the lungs.

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  • Individuals who are close to drowning can also regurgitate their stomach contents and breathe these into the lungs.

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  • X rays can detect head and neck injuries and fluid in the lungs.

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  • It is the major consequence of respiratory failure, when the lungs no longer are able to perform their chief function of gas exchange.

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  • Normally, the pulmonary artery carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

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  • It goes first to the right atrium of the heart and then to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs.

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  • While in the lungs, the blood picks up more oxygen.

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  • After the lungs, the blood flows to the left atrium, then the left ventricle pumps the blood out through the aorta to the rest of the body, thereby supplying the body with oxygenated blood.

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  • Blood returning to the heart goes to the right atrium and ventricle, and then it goes into the aorta for distribution throughout the body instead of to the lungs to be oxygenated.

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  • At the same time, blood in the lungs goes to the left atrium, the left ventricle, but then back to the lungs rather than going to the body because the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle.

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  • The result is that highly oxygenated blood keeps recycling through the lungs, while oxygen-depleted blood recycles through the body without going through the lungs to reoxygenate.

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  • Pulmonary artery-An artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.

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  • Tuberous sclerosis-A genetic condition that affects many organ systems including the brain, skin, heart, eyes, and lungs.

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  • This exam includes assessing size, weight, head circumference, chest circumference, genitalia, physical mobility, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, lungs, heart, elimination, presence of neonatal reflexes, and much more.

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  • The ventricle on the left side pumps blood full of oxygen through the body; the ventricle on the right side pumps the same blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to take up oxygen.

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  • This is not particularly a problem for a fetus because hardly any blood flows through the lungs until birth.

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  • The blood that is supposed to start flowing through the lungs cannot easily get there because of the narrowed valve; however, the hole between the ventricles remains open.

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  • First, the baby turns blue (cyanotic) because of the deoxygenated blood that bypasses the lungs.

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  • Clots in the veins can now pass through the hole in the heart and directly enter the aorta, where they can do much more damage than in the lungs such as causing infarcts in the brain.

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  • Systemic circulation-Refers to the general blood circulation of the body, not including the lungs.

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  • The mesoderm develops into muscles, bones, heart tissue, lungs, reproductive organs, lymphatic tissue, and other tissues.

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  • The endoderm forms the lining of lungs, bladder, digestive tract, tongue, tonsils, and other organs.

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  • Fine hair called lanugo first develops on the head; structures such as the lungs, sweat glands, muscles, and bones continue to develop.

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  • The lungs continue to develop with the formation of air sac (alveoli); the eyes finish developing.

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  • The lungs have developed sufficiently that air breathing is possible.

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  • The lungs remain immature but breathing movements begin.

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  • This fluid contains many eosinophils and can infiltrate the membrane of the lungs (pleural effusion).

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  • The liver, spleen, lungs, bone, skin, and sometimes the membrane surrounding the brain and spine (meninges) may be affected.

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  • Possible sites for injuries include a person's ribs, liver, lungs, and heart.

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  • Normally when an individual breathes in (inhales) or out (exhales) the vocal cords are drawn apart by the muscles of the larynx (voice box) to make a wider opening for air to move into or out of the lungs.

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  • People with this disorder are particularly susceptible to infections of the throat, skin, middle ear, and lungs.

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  • When the epiglottis (the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food odes not enter the lungs) is infected, it can swell to the point where it blocks the windpipe.

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  • Since oxygen and nutrients are received from the placenta and the umbilical cord instead of the lungs, the ductus arteriosus acts as a "short cut" that allows blood to bypass the deflated lungs and go straight out to the body.

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  • After birth, when the lungs are needed to add oxygen to the blood, the ductus arteriosus normally closes.

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  • The closure of the ductus arteriosus ensures that blood goes to the lungs to pick up oxygen before going out to the body.

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  • Closure of the ductus arteriosus usually occurs at birth as levels of certain chemicals, called prostagladins, change, and the lungs fill with air.

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  • If the ductus arteriosus closes correctly, the blood pumped from the heart goes to the lungs, back into the heart, and then out to the body through the aorta.

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  • The blood returning from the lungs and moving out of the aorta carries oxygen to the cells of the body.

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  • In an average individual's body, the power of blood being pumped by the heart and other forces leads to a certain level of pressure between the heart and lungs.

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  • The pressure between the heart and lungs of an individual affected by PDA causes some of the oxygenated blood that should go out to the body (through the aorta) to return back through the PDA into the pulmonary artery.

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  • The pulmonary artery takes the blood immediately back to the lungs.

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  • If the PDA is large, the bottom left side of the heart is forced to pump twice as much blood because it must supply enough blood to recycle back to the lungs and move out to the body.

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  • In some cases, the increase in size and shape changes the pressure in the pulmonary artery and lungs.

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  • If the pressure in the lungs is higher than that of the heart and body, blood returning to the heart will take the short cut back into the aorta from the pulmonary artery through the PDA instead of going to the lungs.

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  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a procedure that uses an artificial heart-lung machine to take over the work of the lungs (and sometimes the heart).

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  • In newborns, ECMO is used to support or replace an infant's undeveloped or failing lungs by providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide waste products so the lungs can rest.

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  • The ECMO procedure can help a patient's lungs and heart rest and recover, but it will not cure the underlying disease.

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  • They are usually placed on a special rotating bed that is designed to decrease pressure on the skin and help move secretions from the lungs.

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  • After the child is stable on ECMO, the breathing machine settings are lowered to "rest" settings, which allows the lungs to rest without the risk of too much oxygen or pressure from the ventilator.

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  • Venoarterial (V-A) ECMO supports the heart and lungs and is used for patients with blood pressure or heart functioning problems in addition to respiratory problems.

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  • Venovenous (V-V) ECMO supports the lungs only.

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  • Normal results include the lungs and/or heart returning to healthy functioning while on ECMO treatment.

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  • Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco, is inhaled into the lungs, where most of it stays.

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  • Tar is a sticky substance that forms as deposits in the lungs, causing lung cancer and respiratory distress.

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  • Teenagers who smoke are less fit than their nonsmoking peers and more apt to experience shortness of breath, dizziness, coughing, and excess phlegm in their lungs.

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  • Anemia-A lack of hemoglobin, the compound in blood that carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body and brings waste carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs, where it is released.

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  • Pulmonary embolism-Blockage of an artery in the lungs by foreign matter such as fat, tumor tissue, or a clot originating from a vein.

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  • The trachea, or windpipe, carries air to the lungs.

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  • When this happens, air enters the gastrointestinal system, causing the bowels to distend, and mucus is breathed into the lungs causing aspiration pneumonia and breathing problems.

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  • Aspiration pneumonia can develop from fluid breathed into the lungs.

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  • The whoop is believed to occur due to inflammation and increased mucus, which narrow the breathing tubes, causing people to struggle to get air into their lungs; the effort results in intense exhaustion.

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  • The only other treatment is supportive and involves careful monitoring of fluids to prevent dehydration, rest in a quiet, dark room to decrease paroxysms, and suctioning of mucus from the lungs.

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  • Surfactant is produced starting at about 34 weeks of pregnancy and, by the time the fetal lungs mature at 37 weeks, a normal amount is present.

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  • If an infant is born prematurely, enough surfactant might not have formed in the alveoli causing the lungs to collapse and making it very difficult for the baby to get enough air (and the oxygen it contains).

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  • Before long the muscles that move the ribs and diaphragm, so that air is drawn into the lungs, become fatigued.

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  • Their lungs may be so stiff that they cannot even start breathing when born.

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  • When the infant itself or a breathing machine applies pressure on the lungs in an attempt to expand them, a lung may rupture, causing air to leak into the chest cavity.

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  • If premature birth is expected, or there is some condition that calls for delivery as soon as possible, the amount of surfactant in the amniotic fluid will indicate how well the lungs have matured.

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  • Often this test is done at regular intervals so that the infant can be delivered as soon as the lungs are mature.

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  • In more severe cases a drug very like natural surfactant (Exosurf Neonatal or Survanta) can be dripped into the lungs through a fine tube (endotracheal tube) placed in the infant's windpipe (trachea).

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  • There is a risk of bleeding into the lungs from surfactant treatment; about 10 percent of the smallest infants are affected.

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  • Infants with severe RDS may require treatment with a ventilator, a machine that takes over the work of the lungs and delivers air under pressure.

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  • By contrast, if the infant's breathing is supported until the lungs mature and make their own surfactant, complete recovery within three to five days is the pattern.

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  • If an air leak causes pneumothorax, immediate removal of air from the chest allows the lungs to re-expand.

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  • Ventilator-A mechanical device that can take over the work of breathing for a patient whose lungs are injured or are starting to heal.

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  • The best way of preventing RDS is to delay delivery until the fetal lungs have matured and are producing enough surfactant, generally at about 37 weeks of pregnancy.

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  • If delivery cannot be delayed, the mother may be given a steroid hormone, similar to a natural substance produced in the body, which crosses the barrier of the placenta and helps the fetal lungs to produce surfactant.

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  • If a very premature infant is born without symptoms of RDS, it may be wise to deliver surfactant to its lungs.

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  • A tube to aid breathing may be inserted if the person's airways or lungs have been damaged, as can happen during an explosion or a fire in an enclosed space.

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  • This defect almost always occurs in conjunction with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), a condition in which the esophagus is improperly attached to the trachea, the "windpipe" that carries air into the lungs.

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  • If respiratory distress develops, it is critical to obtain immediate care to reduce the risk of aspiration of material (saliva or milk) into the trachea and the lungs.

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  • The changes that take place in the lungs of people with asthma make the airways (the "breathing tubes," or bronchi and the smaller bronchioles) hyper-reactive to many different types of stimuli that do not affect healthy lungs.

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  • Spirometry is a test that measures how rapidly air is exhaled and how much air is retained in the lungs.

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