Sound Sentence Examples
They heard the sound of voices behind them.
A few minutes wouldn't hurt, and then he would be sound asleep.
You don't sound impressed.
He didn't sound like he had a cold.
Oh, what a pretty sound it made!
You make it sound so attractive.
It was the word "water," and I continued to make some sound for that word after all other speech was lost.
They don't sound at all alike to me.
I ceased making the sound "wah-wah" only when I learned to spell the word.
There was no sound to be heard anywhere throughout the country.
AdvertisementBoy, did that sound familiar.
She counted the seconds in tense silence, waiting for the sound of an explosion, but the only sound was a car approaching from below.
Amid the general rumble, the groans and voices of the wounded were more distinctly heard than any other sound in the darkness of the night.
Adrienne stiffened, her heart lurching into frenzied activity at the sound of his voice.
The only sound was the muffled sound of hooves in the sand and the occasional clink of a harness.
AdvertisementThere had been no sound of any kind and no warning.
It is remarkable how long men will believe in the bottomlessness of a pond without taking the trouble to sound it.
The three voices, hers, Mademoiselle Bourienne's, and Katie's, who was laughing at something, mingled in a merry sound, like the chirping of birds.
From behind them came the sound of church singing.
Looking back, her words did sound like a challenge.
AdvertisementBut not a sound had broken the stillness since the strangers had arrived, except that of their own voices.
So the swishing sound of the strokes, and the desperate but unnatural screams, continued.
At first he heard the sound of indifferent voices, then Anna Mikhaylovna's voice alone in a long speech, then a cry, then silence, then both voices together with glad intonations, and then footsteps.
Rostov could hear the sound of French words but could not distinguish them.
Just then at a distance behind Kutuzov was heard the sound of regiments saluting, and this sound rapidly came nearer along the whole extended line of the advancing Russian columns.
AdvertisementNot at all expecting so loud a report, Pierre shuddered at the sound and then, smiling at his own sensations, stood still.
I didn't mean for it to sound that way.
He's a good looking guy, wealthy, by the sound of it, and frankly, Edith isn't the catch of the day.
She lay there, sound asleep.
At the sound of Weyrother's voice, he opened his one eye with an effort.
She not merely avoided all external forms of pleasure--balls, promenades, concerts, and theaters--but she never laughed without a sound of tears in her laughter.
Someone gasped and then she realized the sound came from her throat.
The air was filled with the smell of sulfur and the sound of gunfire.
I didn't mean to sound like some kind of authority on the subject.
That doesn't sound very nice.
It was past nine when Alex and Josh paid their bills, and the faint sound of thunder met them at the door.
The dogs were distracted momentarily by the sound of the telephone, but when it stopped ringing, they advanced further.
You sound like Rhyn.
The sound of water running in her bathroom brought her up short.
While they were talking in undertones the crack of a shot sounded from the low ground by the pond, a puff of white smoke appeared, then another, and the sound of hundreds of seemingly merry French voices shouting together came up from the slope.
She clenched her hand and held it tight against her mouth so no sound would escape.
Only an occasional sound of brush being pushed aside indicated he was still behind her.
Though saying it that way does sound strange.
As he was finishing his conversation, a loud sound came from the kitchen, followed by a sharp cry in a man's voice, and then laughter.
That doesn't sound very smart on your part, taking on a guy with a tool like that in his hand.
You sound like cops and bad guys 101.
Dean turned at the sound of the shop door opening to see Sheriff Jake Weller standing, hands on hips, staring down at him.
Edith let out a sound of disgust, loud enough that clearly said she didn't care if Cynthia heard it or not.
Suddenly, a loud sound from above awakened him with a start.
At length he heard the sound of a soft knock on his door.
The two women moved out of sight and sound and Dean agonized through the lengthy, halting conversation before rejoining them.
Abruptly the scratching sound of the crampons beneath his feet told him he'd reached the first mounds of solid ice.
The only sound he remembered was ambulance siren on its long journey to the Montrose hospital.
You sound like every cop and judge who doubts every battered and raped woman victim!
The only sound Sarah had made throughout the ordeal was an occasional sniff, as she attempted to wipe away the product of her distress with the back of her hand.
The rustling sound of nearing footsteps on the forest floor created panic.
He approached, yet not close enough to spook her, and trying to sound nonchalant said, "Fancy meeting you here."
Jackson found the sound system and turned it on.
The sound of a car door, and then an engine starting jarred him into realizing Elisabeth must have stayed in the woods all this time.
If this was beyond her abilities, it would sound ugly.
Jackson knew this would not be as cut and dried as she made it sound.
The one saving grace was that Elisabeth lay sound asleep, unable to witness his distress.
You need to respect that, because the next time you throw one of your petulant hissy fits, I swear to God, I will install so much sound proofing in this room, you will never hear another note.
Why Jackson, you sound positively desperate.
The only sound was the sucking sound their boots made in the mud and the soothing sound of flowing water down at the creek.
She stepped out into the frigid morning, her boots sinking into the snow with a squeaking sound.
The sound of running water from the bathroom proclaimed that Katie was taking a shower.
That did sound a little vain.
The voice had lost its sleepy sound.
Believing in her ability to make a sound judgment and willing to accept her decision.
You're beginning to sound like Lori.
It took her a moment to separate the pounding of her heart from the sound of hooves striking earth.
The sound echoed off the bluffs and the dogs retreated.
I can't tell you how wonderful those words sound.
Lana cracked an eye open wide enough to see it was too early for her alarm to sound.
Computers hummed, the sound enough to lull Lana to sleep nearly every shift she spent alone in the vault despite the sleep replacement supplements—known as anti-sleepers—she took.
In the near distance, beyond the other dilapidated buildings on the abandoned street, came the sound of small arms laser fire.
She chuckled, a sound he liked but rarely heard.
Growing anxious, she turned her attention to the sound of the stream Elise had told her to follow if she didn't make it there by dusk.
The sound of men and movement around her pulled her from the daze.
She huddled against the trunk, too terrified to make a sound.
The lights went out, and she blinked, looking up at the sound of whirring.
The world grew loud, with voices jumbling with the sound of equipment and possibly the thump of a helicopter.
As she reached him, she heard a sound that jarred her.
Warmth crept up her face as she thought how stupid she'd sound to someone like Kelli.
The sound of a helo broke his concentration, and he glanced upward before the micro warned him of another incoming strike.
The sound of a laser gun jarred her.
He looked up instinctively, sensing something different about this thunder. It didn't sound like the rumbling thunder he'd heard in the mortal world. It sounded like an explosion in the sky. The jungle canopy blocked his view, so he leapt up to catch the branch of the nearest tree. He scaled the tree quickly, stopping only when he broke through the layers of leaves. More tiny explosions came, and he twisted to see what they were.
The sound of something screaming wiped the smile from Deidre's face. Katie turned to face the direction from which the sound came. It wasn't a bird, and it wasn't human. The single voice was joined by several, and Katie grabbed Deidre's hand.
Kris caught it by the hilt and waited, the sound of his heart pounding loud in his ears.
The man stopped, thinking he'd heard some movement behind him, but after listening a few minutes could discern no human sound and was satisfied he was alone.
That doesn't sound like you at all.
He made it all sound so innocent - even noble.
That didn't sound like Alex.
She tried to scream, but no sound came out.
The sound of voices woke her.
It did sound reasonable.
The pair was interrupted from further speculation by the sound of Martha's laughter and footsteps bounding down the stairs.
They danced over the keys, coaxing beautiful sound from each one.
He tinkered with the sound, making sure it was audible, yet would not interfere with conversation.
The sound of a laser gun went off, and warm blood splattered her.
But she missed the sound of his voice, and her body yearned for his touch again.
I was in my room and thought I heard a sound down below.
Bagration rode up to the ranks along which shots crackled now here and now there, drowning the sound of voices and the shouts of command.
He felt it not only from the sound of the hoofs of the approaching cavalcade, but because as he drew near everything grew brighter, more joyful, more significant, and more festive around him.
He listened and heard the sound of approaching horses, and voices speaking French.
Then suddenly the grating sound of a harsh voice was heard from the other side of the door, and the officer--with pale face and trembling lips--came out and passed through the waiting room, clutching his head.
He left the house, slamming the door so hard the hallway reverberated with the sound.
It was several more minutes before she was able to take deep breaths – even longer before she was able to utter more than a strangled sound.
She breathed deeply of the clear air and listened to the sound of the creek darting over rocks - swirling against its banks.
Cynthia wiped a tear off her cheek and when she spoke, her voice didn't sound like her own.
I feel terrible making him sleep in the lab room, but really, Quinn's equipment hardly makes a sound.
I heard the faint sound of a phone ringing downstairs.
It was strange sitting here, talking to a confessed rapist, with the sound of what was probably more of them eating dinner behind me.
The La Cumbre one; that sound most likely; do you have a phone number?
It was the sound I hated more on a telephone that Henri Mancini's version of Theme from Moon Glow or any other top one hundred hits of elevator music was, 'would you please hold'?
An odd ringing sound punctuated the rumbling storm.
His brothers weren't any closer than they had been, but the sound of their voices made him realize how alone he'd really felt the past two weeks.
I don't like the sound of that.
He laughed - a deep sound, much like Dad's voice.
She didn't intend to sound so injured.
She made a sound of disgust.
She didn't sound satisfied like he thought she would.
A simple, but important, addition to enable the reading from the instrument to be effected by sound is shown in fig.
Operators who used the recorder soon learned to read the message by the click of the armature against its stop, and as this left the hands and eyes free to write, reading by sound was usually preferred.
There was not a sound inside of the cave.
The tongue is so serviceable a member (taking all sorts of shapes, just as is wanted),--the teeth, the lips, the roof of the mouth, all ready to help, and so heap up the sound of the voice into the solid bits which we call consonants, and make room for the curiously shaped breathings which we call vowels!
Miss Sullivan had put out the light and gone away, thinking I was sound asleep.
The echo is, to some extent, an original sound, and therein is the magic and charm of it.
He never heard the sound of praise.
One night in the beginning of winter, before the pond froze over, about nine o'clock, I was startled by the loud honking of a goose, and, stepping to the door, heard the sound of their wings like a tempest in the woods as they flew low over my house.
He had not finished the last verse before the young people began to get ready to dance in the large hall, and the sound of the feet and the coughing of the musicians were heard from the gallery.
At the same instant the sun came fully out from behind the clouds, and the clear sound of the solitary shot and the brilliance of the bright sunshine merged in a single joyous and spirited impression.
He did not turn his head and did not see those who, judging by the sound of hoofs and voices, had ridden up and stopped near him.
Berg and Vera could not repress their smiles of satisfaction at the sight of all this movement in their drawing room, at the sound of the disconnected talk, the rustling of dresses, and the bowing and scraping.
Pulling the contents out, she stared at the ultra sound.
I must have made a sound as my stomach again roiled and I grabbed the wall to steady myself.
I was certain he'd awake at the sound but his slumber was so deep he didn't move.
After an hour-long attempt to expel his wired energy, he returned to his room to the sound of his cell phone ringing.
Dusty closed his eyes, the soft sound of the TV greeting him before he opened them.
She leaned back, the audible sound of her breath catching music to his ears.
His mouth worked without producing a sound, and his eyes watered.
Coldness, then the sound of the storm beating the building around him.
Not to sound like Dusty, but you gotta learn some self-control!
Her breathing was the only sound in the still hallway.
Jule prepared himself, pleased to hear the sound of a car starting in the garage.
She laughed, a contagious sound, and he saw her effect even on Darian, who had relaxed and sat in a chair nearby.
Jenn heard Jonny's door close, and the sound woke her from her light sleep.
She paused to listen, looked at the ground, and changed directions three times before she heard the sound of water flowing.
She twisted at the sound of Jule's voice.
There was the sound of a phone being shuffled from one person to another, then a flat, deep male voice.
By the sound of it, it was one of his favorite, priceless, Ming vases.
They heard a sound that made them freeze and look at each other.
She whirled, heart leaping at the sound.
The sound made her gut twist and her chest tighten.
Tears formed in her eyes at the heartbreaking sound of his pain.
Damian took aim with the pistol and fired into her heart before she could make another sound.
But you have a new family now, and it doesn't sound crazy to me at all.
Sofia followed the sound of her voice to the living room.
The sound of the door closing sounded like the sealing of her fate.
Darian didn't resist, and Damian delighted in the idea that the sound of him breathing meant his brother was truly alive.
The sound of bodies hitting the stone floor behind her preceded Darkyn grabbing her by a few seconds.
You don't sound certain enough to make a deal with me.
The sound surprised her after the intensity of their interactions.
She heard the sound of a weapon scraping a scabbard behind her and turned.
The sound of someone in the hallway made her freeze.
Stars and a half moon were bright, the sound of the ocean comforting.
You make it sound easy.
Cynthia and Fred emerged from the kitchen at the sound of his voice.
But they didn't sound as if they had a clue about what was going on.
The sound was nearly inaudible but both stopped and listened attentively.
The sound was not repeated.
As they moved down the trail to their parked Jeep, they heard the sound of a vehicle approaching.
As if on cue, the sound of a vehicle starting broke the silence.
If I don't sound broken up over it, it's called honesty.
Now you're beginning to sound like Fred!
God, I sound like 'two o'clock, brought to you by Ivory soap, tune in again tomorrow.'
You sound like my wife, but 'Any man's death diminishes me because I'm involved in mankind.'
They were just finishing dressing when Dean heard a sound, the door closing directly above, in Fred's room.
By the sound of it, she just wanted the trunk for storage.
They waited, and after a few seconds there was the distinct sound of movement above them.
He had just started toward his Jeep when there was a sound like a gunshot from above them.
The sound echos out here so it's hard to tell.
Finally, after ten minutes of silence passed, they heard the sound of feet running down the slope on the other side of the rise above them.
He'd reached to the main Jeep road from the faint trail to the Lucky Pup when a sound broke the stillness of dusk.
It was only moments later when his fears were realized by the gnashing, booming, ripping sound of metal on rock, echoing across the valley like a clap of thunder, repeating and repeating, as if car after car had met a similar fate, further and further away.
Dean tried to isolate the sound, looking frantically in all downward directions, trying to see a trace, a telltale puff of smoke in the gathering dusk.
He drove directly home, knowing Cynthia would be terrified by his absence and the sound of sirens in the night.
The only sound in the apartment was the quiet whir of an electric clock.
Sound travels funny up there—it echoes, and I was a good distance away.
The sound of thrown objects, yells, and stomps were followed by Ginger Dawkins's terse announcement that she was moving to the Beaumont, alone, thank you.
I honestly don't know, but by the sound of her voice, she's very upset.
It did sound as if the Dawkins boys' temporary peace had come to an end, but Dean paid little heed to the raised voices.
She made a sound like a chuckle.
They both heard the sound at the same time—a gentle rapping at the back door.
They continued to watch as the children began tossing small stones at their floating treasure, trying to halt its progress, when the sound of a horn startled them.
You don't sound very broken up about it.
There was a sound, perhaps a foot fall, not behind them, but ahead.
His cultured accent made even bad news sound pleasant.
He didn't like the sound of that.
It has a nice sound to it, doesn't it?
Only Andre would manage to sound calm standing before two creatures with enough power to turn him to dust.
Several times she made a sound that was like she was talking.
Carmen choked out in a voice that didn't sound like her own.
The throbbing sound increased and the chopper lifted from the ground.
He was alive, but even that didn't sound promising.
One night he woke her out of a sound sleep by pushing at her.
I knew I could, but I couldn't get a sound out.
It was a wonderful sound.
The sound of the ocean was calming under the full moon, the steady ebb and flow of waves drawing him to sit on the beach.
The sound was rough, as if he didn't laugh often.
When she stopped, the sound of waves filled the quiet.
Gabe got dressed, tying one boot as the sound of the shower stopped.
The sound came from the deserted lot.
She heard the phone ring and followed the sound.
The sound of squishing drew her attention to the bath mat next to the tub.
She heard a sound from their room again and stood, understanding.
Her heart and breathing drowning out every other sound, she raced down the hall and around a corner, sliding to a stop as she saw the men headed her way.
Darkyn chuckled, a low, dark sound.
The sight, sound and scent of the ocean helped her relax.
He chuckled, a sound that somehow managed to be threatening.
This will sound crazy, he said, taking a deep breath.
There was a long moment of silence from the chamber around her, filled by the sound of her breathing as it grew more erratic, louder.
It slid into her neck, the sound making her nauseous.
Katie's mouth worked without producing sound.
A woman gave a cry, and the sound of jostling grew closer.
She didn't feel his fangs sink into her, but she heard the sound of punctured flesh.
One of them snagged her, but his attention shifted at the strangled cry and sound of snapping bones.
The sound of waves rushing the shore and the firm sand beneath his feet indicated its location a few yards from them.
Kiki didn't knock the door down as he could, instead beating loudly enough for the sound to drift down the road.
That's dandy, but it doesn't sound like he deserved Hell!
The sound of her sister's voice made her throat tighten.
Even the sound of the door shutting did nothing to jar him.
She heard them coming, the sound of creatures crashing through the forest.
Tears in her eyes, she whispered to him as she lifted him, tormented by the sound of his whimper.
Gabriel whipped around at the voice, lowering the weapon that emerged instinctively at the sound of a stranger in his home.
He returned to the castle, stopping at the sound of commotion from the direction of the forest before he reached the entrance.
Kris heard the sickening sound of the demon.s body breaking from the distance and watched the other demons shapeshift to charge the half-demon.
She sat in the bathroom and ran the shower to cover the sound of her crying, completely lost as to what to do.
The sound of her sister.s voice brought a waterfall of relief.
A sound came from the back of the large room, and she made her way there.
The sound came from behind it, as if someone were trying to open the door.
She dozed and awoke to the sound of something bumping her door.
Kiera dreamt of a planet filled with spiders and dinosaurs and awoke in her bed a couple of hours later to the soft sound of her alarm clock going off.
Yes, but think of the sleigh bells and the sound of the train coming in from Ridgway, clanking and hooting, and billowing its black smoke.
Upon seeing Elisabeth sound asleep, she leaned close.
His most extensive single work is a book on Sound, which, in the second edition, has become a treatise on vibrations in general.
On the north-west of the continent the coast-line is much broken, the chief indentations being Admiralty Gulf, Collier Bay and King Sound, on the shores of Tasman Land.
The same remark may be made of the rest of the sea-board; for, with the exception of Spencer Gulf, the Gulf of St Vincent and Port Phillip on the south, and Moreton Bay, Hervey Bay and Broad Sound on the east, the coast-line is singularly uniform.
In 1840 he performed a feat of extraordinary personal daring, travelling all the way along the barren sea-coast of the Great Australian Bight, from Spencer Gulf to King George Sound.
In 1827 and 1829, an English company endeavoured to plant a settlement at the Swan river, and this, added to a small military station established in 1825 at King George Sound, constituted Western Australia.
Oak was thus applied at a very early date; the shrine of Edward the Confessor, still existing in the abbey at Westminster, sound after the lapse of Boo years, is of dark-coloured oak-wood.
The oak grows most luxuriantly on deep strong clays, calcareous marl or stiff loam, but will flourish in nearly any deep well-drained soil, excepting peat or loose sand; in marshy or moist places the tree may grow well for a time, but the timber is rarely sound; on hard rocky ground and exposed hillsides.
He appointed visitors for the universities and great public schools, and defended the universities from the attacks of the extreme sectaries who clamoured for their abolition, even Clarendon allowing that Oxford "yielded a harvest of extraordinary good and sound knowledge in all parts of learning."
The Protestant policy was further followed up by treaties with Sweden and Denmark which secured the passage of the Sound for English ships on the same conditions as the Dutch, and a treaty with Portugal which liberated English subjects from the Inquisition and allowed commerce with the Portuguese colonies.
His conduct, judged not by a modern standard, but by the ideas of his age, will be found compatible with the highest Christian charity, as that of the duke with sound political prudence.
In this experiment a great noise was produced, corresponding to a loss of energy, and Joule endeavoured to determine the amount of energy necessary to produce an equal amount of sound from the string of a violoncello and to apply a corresponding correction.
In the interest of euphony some harmonious sound is needed to bridge the great gap which almost always exists between the bass and the upper instruments, but this filling out must be of the softest and most atmospheric kind.
The instruments used for land telegraphs on this system are of two types - " sounders," which indicate by sound, and " recorders," which record the signals.
Thus, when it is not necessary to keep a copy, a much simpler instrument may be employed and the message read by sound.
Dots and dashes are distinguished by the interval between the sounds of the instrument in precisely the same way as they are distinguished when reading from the recorder by sound.
The whole process is exactly analogous to the operation by which a violin string or organ pipe creates an air or sound wave.
It was then found that when electric waves fell on the antenna a sound was heard in the telephone as each wave train passed over it, so that if the wave trains endured for a longer or shorter time the sound in the telephone was of corresponding duration.
This creates a short sound in the telephone.
Hence according as the trains of oscillations are long or short so is the sound heard in the telephone, and these sounds can be arranged on the Morse code into alphabetic audible signals.
The resonance in the singer's deep voice made the song sound more powerful.
What is required, however, is something analogous to an organ pipe which produces a continuous sound.
This will be better understood if we consider shortly on what the chief characteristics of sound depend.
The sensation of sound is produced by rapid fluctuation in the pressure of the atmosphere on the tympanum of the Charac- ear.
In connexion with the present subject it is important to notice the three characteristics of a musical sound, namely, pitch, loudness and quality.
The pitch of a musical sound depends on the number of cycles passed through by the fluctuations of the pressure per unit of time; the loudness depends on the amount or the amplitude of the fluctuation in each cycle; the quality depends on the form or the nature of the fluctuation in each cycle.
When the connecting string is held taut and sounds, such as those of ordinary speech, are produced in front of one of the membranes, pulses corresponding to the fluctuations of the atmospheric pressure are transmitted along the string and communicated to the other membrane, which in its turn communicates them to the air, thus reproducing the sound.
Two fine inlets, Berkeley Sound and Port William, run far into the land at the northeastern extremity of the island.
Port Louis, formerly the seat of government, is at the head of Berkeley Sound, but the anchorage there having been found rather too exposed, about the year 1844 a town was laid out, and the necessary public buildings were erected on Stanley Harbour, a sheltered recess within Port William.
West Falkland is more hilly near the east island; the principal mountain range, the Hornby Hills, runs north and south parallel with Falkland Sound.
Next to Stanley the most important place on East Falkland is Darwin on Choiseul Sound - a village of Scottish shepherds and a station of the Falkland Island Company.
Captain Strong sailed through between the two principal islands in 1690, landed upon one of them, and called the passage Falkland Sound, and from this the group afterwards took its English name.
In 1764 the French explorer De Bougainville took possession of the islands on behalf of his country, and established a colony at Port Louis on Berkeley Sound.
C. nootkaensis, the Nootka Sound cypress or Alaska cedar, was introduced into Britain in 1850.
He had previously written his commentaries on the epistles to the Galatians (1865), Philippians (1868) and Colossians (1875), the notes to which were distinguished by sound judgment and enriched from his large store of patristic and classical learning.
If the poor were ardent nationalists who would not intermingle with the Greeks, the rich had long outgrown and now could humour such prejudices; and the title of their party was capable of recalling at any rate the sound of the national ideal of righteousness, i.e.
Pascagoula and Point aux Chenes bays; separated from it by the shallow and practically unnavigable Mississippi Sound is a chain of low, long and narrow sand islands, the largest of which are Petit Bois, Horn, Ship and Cat.
Buffalo-fish, paddle-fish, cat-fish, drum, crappie, black bass, rock bass, German carp, sturgeon, pike, perch, eels, suckers and shrimp inhabit the waters of the Mississippi and its tributaries, and oysters, shrimp, trout, Spanish mackerel, channel bass, black bass, sheepshead, mullet, croakers, pompano, pin-fish, blue-fish, flounders, crabs and terrapin are obtained from the Mississippi Sound and the rivers flowing into it.
Pine stumps and waste limbs are utilized, notably at Hattiesburg, for the manufacture of charcoal, tar, creosote, turpentine, &c. Fisheries Fishing is a minor industry, confined for the most part to the Mississippi Sound and neighbouring waters and to the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers.
In addition, there were the Yazoos in the Yazoo valley, the Pascagoulas, the Biloxis, and a few weaker tribes on the borders of the Mississippi Sound.
And as in Hebrew, the six letters b g d k p t are aspirated when immediately preceded by any vowel sound.
The union which sound religious teaching represents as realized in the submission of the will and the ethical harmony of the whole life is then reduced to a, passive experience, to something which comes and goes in time, and which may be of only momentary duration.
The first mill was built in 1878, and the village was named from the French word claquet (sound of the mill).
The reason that the source of the noise is such an enigma is that no one ever traced the sound when they heard it.
South Carolina, however, insisted that its doctrine was sound, and in November 1832 passed an ordinance declaring the revenue laws of the United States null and void.
His wide reading and capacious memory enabled him to carry in his mind the materials of a sound historical theology, but these materials were unsifted by criticism.
Pasteur one day visited a brewery containing both sound and unsound beer.
Disappointed after his return to England in 1788 in the hope which he had entertained, through a misapprehension of something said by Lord Lansdowne, of taking a personal part in the legislation of his country, he settled down to the yet higher task of discovering and teaching the principles upon which all sound legislation must proceed.
But he watched all public incidents with a vigilant eye, and seized every passing opportunity of exposing departures from sound principle in parliament and courts of justice.
We can therefore substitute sound diagnosis for guesswork more frequently in modern than in historical problems.
He changed his name from Gemistus to the equivalent Pletho ("the full"), perhaps owing to the similarity of sound between that name and that of his master Plato.
Chladni's experiment of strewing a vibrating bell with flour, investigated the nature of sound and the function of the air in respiration and combustion, and originated the idea of using the pendulum as a measure of gravity.
The Chinese name Yetha seems an attempt to represent the same sound.
In the Malay Peninsula the blood of a murdered man must be put in a bottle and prayers said over; after seven days of this worship a sound is heard and the operator puts his finger into the bottle for the polong, as the demon is called, to suck; it will fly through the air in the shape of an exceedingly diminutive female figure, and is always preceded by its pet, the pelesit, in the shape of a grasshopper.
His writings show sound scholarship and high literary power, while they helped to shape the thought of the Puritan party in England.
She sailed in June 1853, and passing up Smith Sound at the head of Baffin Bay advanced into the enclosed sea which now bears the name of Kane Basin, thus establishing the Polar route of many future Arctic expeditions.
It is believed that the males of these species signal to their females by means of the sound these organs emit.
A new form had therefore to be invented for the genuine b in Slavonic, to which there was, at the period when the alphabet was adopted, no corresponding sound in Greek.
When the lips are not tightly closed the sound produced is not a stop, but a spirant like the English w.
When this consonantal u (English w as seen in words borrowed very early from Latin like wall and wine) passed into the sound of English v (labio-dental) is not certain, but Germanic words borrowed into Latin in the 5th century A.D.
In 1815 the Fulton, the first steamboat on Long Island Sound, made its first trip from New York to New Haven.
As a geometer he is classed by Eudemus, the greatest ancient authority, among those who "have enriched the science with original theorems, and given it a really sound arrangement."
He was helped of course by his sound education; but the true cause of his success lay in his strong sense, untiring industry, courage, clear-sightedness and great intellectual force.
The sound, which has been heard by modern travellers, is generally attributed to the passage of the air through the pores of the stone, chiefly due to the change of temperature at sunrise.
By his economic legislation Solon placed Athenian agriculture once more upon a sound footing, and supplemented this source of wealth by encouraging commercial enterprise, thus laying the foundation of his country's material prosperity.
It is unnecessary here to dwell on the precautions which can only be conveniently acquired by experience; a sound appreciation of analytical methods is only possible after the reactions and characters of individual substances have been studied, and we therefore refer the reader to the articles on the particular elements and compounds for more information on this subject.
If all the connexions are sound, the copper oxide is gradually heated from the end a, the gas-jets under the spiral d are lighted, and a slow current of oxygen is passed through the tube.
It seems that intermolecular change also occurs, but further research is necessary before a sound theory can be stated.
Suddenly I felt something like compassion that the music should never sound from off the death-pale paper.
We have seen (in the articles on Harmony and Music) how harmonic music originated in just this habit of regarding combinations of sound as mere sensations, and how for centuries the habit opposed itself to the intellectual principles of contrapuntal harmony.
This is of constant occurrence in classical pianoforte music, in which thick chords are subjected to polyphonic laws only in their top and bottom notes, while the inner notes make a solid mass of sound in which numerous consecutive fifths and octaves are not only harmless but essential to the balance of tone.
In Debussy's art the top and bottom are also involved in the antipolyphonic laws of such masses of sound, thus making these laws paramount.
His strong common sense and sound practical judgment led him to adopt a policy of conciliation towards the native princes, and to promote measures tending to the betterment of the condition of the people.
For the symbol which was used at Ephesus and other places in Asia Minor and elsewhere for the sound represented by -aa- in Ionic Greek, by -TT- in Attic, see ALPHABET.
At the end of words the voiced sound is often written with -s, the unvoiced with -ss as in his and hiss.
Here also should be mentioned the sound sh, which, like th, is not a combination of sounds though written with two symbols.
The voiced sound to this is generally written z as in azure, but sometimes s as in pleasure.
The sound of sh is also sometimes represented by s, as in sure, sugar.
The sh sound is sometimes not even written with a sibilant, as in the pronunciation of the ci and ti of words like rhetorician and nation.
The Macedonian kingdoms, strained by continual wars, increasingly divided against themselves, falling often under the sway of prodigals and debauchees, were far 12 sign from realizing the Hellenic idea of sound govern- of ment as against the crude barbaric despotisms of the older East.
Four instances have, however, been recorded of its occurrence on the British coasts, one on the coast of Norfolk in 1588, one in the Firth of Forth in 1648, one near Boston in Lincolnshire in 1800, while a fourth entangled itself among rocks in the Sound of Weesdale, Shetland, in September 1808.
Louis, however, gained sound experience in warfare in the defence of Aquitaine, shared in campaigns against the Saxons and the Avars, and led an army to Italy in 792.
He restored discipline in the army, which under Vitellius had become utterly demoralized, and, with the co-operation of the senate, put the government and the finances on a sound footing.
Emerson, the poets Bryant, Longfellow, pre-eminently Whittier and Whitman, have spoken on this theme with no uncertain sound.
Since the restoration of tranquillity and the establishment of sound political and economic conditions in the Nile valley, Alexandria has greatly expanded.
Off the southeastern coast of Mainland, separated by a sound 1 m.
Yell (2483), separated from the north-east coast of Mainland by Yell Sound, is the second largest island of the group, having a length of 17 m., and an extreme width of 62 m., though towards the middle the voes of Mid Yell and Whale Firth almost divide it into two.
Fetlar (347) lies off the east coast of Yell, from which it is divided by Colgrave Sound and the isle of Hascosay and is 5 m.
Buness, near Balta Sound, was the house of Dr Laurence Edmonston (1795-1879), the naturalist.
They are full of both grace and individuality; the features show excellent draughtsmanship; and the flesh-painting is firm and sound in method, though frequently tending a little to hardness and opacity.
The six provinces were created, and had governors and assemblies (" diputaciones "); and a municipal law was provided that in many ways was a sound basis for local government.
During this period logarithms were invented, trigonometry and algebra developed, analytical geometry invented, dynamics put upon a sound basis, and the period closed with the magnificent invention of (or at least the perfecting of) the differential calculus by Newton and Leibnitz and the discovery of gravitation.
From them he derived a sound knowledge of artillery and fortification, and particularly of mountain warfare, which latter was destined to prove of inestimable service to him in his first campaigns of 1794-95 and 1796.
The phrases still quoted from him have nothing of an antiquated sound, while they have a genuinely idiomatic ring.
But he is temperate in his opinions; and the practical advices in the second and third books of the Paedagogue are remarkably sound and moderate.
The so-called bay narrows northward into the strait successively known as Smith Sound, Kane Basin, Kennedy Channel and Robeson Channel.
Nathorst explored the land between Franz Josef Fjord and Scoresby Fjord, where the large King Oscar Fjord, connecting Davy's Sound with Franz Joseph Fjord, was discovered.
Franz Josef Fjord, with its branch King Oscar Fjord, communicating with Davy's Sound, forms a system of fjords on a similar scale.
These fjords are very deep; the greatest depth found by Ryder in Scoresby Sound was 300 fathoms, but there are certainly still greater depths; like the Norwegian fjords they have, however, probably all of them, a threshold or sill, with shallow water, near their mouths.
In the north along the shores of Smith Sound these traces of the gradual upheaval of the land, or sinking of the sea, are very marked; but they are also very distinct in the south, although not found so high above sea-level, which seems to show that the upheaval has been greater in the north.
Upper Silurian, having a strong relation to the Wenlock group of Britain, but with an American facies, and Lower Silurian, with a succession much the same as in British North America, are found on the shores of Smith Sound, and Nathorst has discovered them in King Oscar Fjord, but not as yet so far south as the Danish possessions.
No Secondary rocks have been discovered in the extreme northern parts of West Greenland, but they are present on the east and west coasts in more southerly latitudes than Smith Sound.
These Miocene strata have not been found farther north on the Greenland shore than the region mentioned; but in Lady Franklin Bay, on the Grinnell Land side of Smith Sound, they again appear, so that the chances are they will be found on the opposite coast, though doubtless the great disintegration Greenland has undergone and is undergoing has destroyed many of the softer beds of fossiliferous rocks.
On the east coast, more particularly in Hochstetter Foreland, the Miocene beds again appear, and we may add that there are traces of them even on the west coast, between Sonntag Bay and Foulke Fjord, at the entrance to Smith Sound.
It is the natural terminal of three great northern transcontinental railway lines - the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound (the extension of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul system); and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the connecting lines of the Canadian Pacific form lines of communication with the middle Northwest and the Pacific provinces of Canada.
By the beginning of September all the breaches were repaired, the walls bristled with cannon, and 7000 men were under arms. So strong was the city by this time that Charles X., abandoning his original intention of carrying the place by assault, began a regular siege; but this also he was forced to abandon when, on the 29th of October, an auxiliary Dutch fleet, after reinforcing and reprovisioning the garrison, defeated, in conjunction with the Danish fleet, the Swedish navy of 44 liners in the Sound.
Their respective followers, and more especially cultured laymen, lacking the capacity for original work, seeking for a solution in some kind of compromise, and possibly failing to grasp the essentials of the controversy, take refuge in a combination of those elements in the opposing systems which seem to afford a sound practical theory.
Other requirements were sound health, high moral character and an honourable calling.
By considering only the particles of air found in a right line, he reduced the problem of the propagation of sound to the solution of the same partial differential equations that include the motions of vibrating strings, and demonstrated the insufficiency of the methods employed by both his great contemporaries in dealing with the latter subject.
This argument is rather specious than sound.
After receiving a sound education, he entered the legal profession and became advocate at the King's Council at Paris.
The finances were speedily put on an excellent footing, means were provided for carrying on the war to a successful issue (one of the chief expedients being the raising of the Sound tolls) and on the conclusion of peace Oxe, as lord treasurer, not only reduced the national debt considerably, but redeemed a large portion of the alienated crown-lands.
The coral limestone of the atoll has a peculiar vitrified appearance and gives out a ringing sound when struck or simply walked on.
Penna's presidency was distinguished by his successful efforts to place the finances on a sound basis.
From the scanty and ill-natured notices of his opponents (Anselm and Abelard), we gather that he refused to recognize the reality of anything but the individual; he treated " the universal substance," says Anselm, as no more than " flatum vocis," a verbal breathing or sound; and in a similar strain he denied any reality to the parts of which a whole, such as a house, is commonly said to be composed.
S is pronounced as sh in English, the sound of simple s being represented by sz.
The latter make "the three notes or marks" by which a true church is known "pure and sound doctrine, the sacraments administered according to Christ's holy institution, and the right use of ecclesiastical discipline."
In the application to sound, where we know what we are dealing with, the matter is simple enough in principle, although mathematical difficulties would often stand in the way of the calculations we might wish to make.
It may be well therefore to remember that precisely these laws apply to a secondary wave of sound, which can be investigated upon the strictest mechanical principles.
He was able, active and enlightened, but he was a visionary rather than a man of affairs or sound judgment.
The expedition was an ignominious failure, and many burghers did not hesitate to assign their non-success to the fact that Burgers's views on religious questions were not sound.
Again, a fractured bone in a paralysed limb often fails to unite, while another in the opposite sound limb unites readily, and an ulcerated surface on a paralysed limb shows little healing reaction.
So long as the epidermis of animals remains sound, disease germs may come in contact with it almost with impunity, but immediately on its being fissured, or a larger wound made through it, the underlying parts, the blood and soft tissues, are attacked by them.
This, the old "Vienna School," was not distinguished for any notable discoveries, but for success in clinical teaching, and for its sound method of studying the actual facts of disease during life and after death, which largely contributed to the establishment of the "positive medicine" of the 19th century.
Willan, by following the natural-history method of Sydenham, at once put the study on a sound basis; and his work has been the starting-point of the most important modern researches.
It was his whim, as part of his general liberalism, to depreciate the education he received; but it seems to have been a very sound and good education, which formed the basis of his extraordinarily wide, though never extraordinarily accurate, collection of knowledge subsequently, and (a more important thing) disciplined and exercised his literary faculty and judgment.
In acoustics he invented, about 1819, the improved siren which is known by his name, using it for ascertaining the number of vibrations corresponding to a sound of any particular pitch, and he also made experiments on the mechanism of voice-production.
As Theodosius is said to have left Britain in a sound and secure condition it has been suggested that to him was due the wall of the later Londinium, but there is little or no evidence for this opinion, and according to an old tradition Constantine the Great walled the city at the request of his mother Helena, presumed to be a native of Britain.
The folk-moot met in the precincts of St Paul's at the sound of the bell of the famous belltower, which also rang out when the armed levy was required to march under St Paul's banner.
Salted fish forms, along with boiled rice, one of the chief articles of food among the Burmese; and as the price of salted fish is gradually rising along with the prosperity and purchasing power of the population, this industry is on a very sound basis.
The branch of hydrodynamics which discusses wave motion in a liquid or gas is given now in the articles Sound and Wave; while the influence of viscosity is considered under Hydraulics.
The king said in a threatening tone, "Then we shall sound our trumpets," whereupon Capponi tore up the document in his face and replied, "And we shall ring our bells."
It contains a borough of the same name and the villages of Cos Cob, Riverside and Sound Beach, all served by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway; the township has steamboat and electric railway connexions with New York City.
The first settlers came from the New Haven Colony in 1640; but the Dutch, on account of the exploration of Long Island Sound by Adrian Blok in 1614, laid claim to Greenwich, and as New Haven did nothing to assist the settlers, they consented to union with New Netherland in 1642.
When the sound ceases the cistern is known to be full, and the entrance of further water or syrup is stopped.
Coming to the throne at such an early age, he had served no apprenticeship in the art of ruling, but he possessed great natural tact and a sound judgment ripened by the trials of exile.
The commercial relations with the North cannot be regarded as an important element in the union of the Hanse towns, but the geographical position of the Scandinavian countries, especially that of Denmark, commanding the Sound which gives access to the Baltic, compelled a close attention to Scandinavian politics on the part of Lubeck and the League and thus by necessitating combined political action in defence of Hanseatic sea-power exercised a unifying influence.
The defeat of the Germans at Helsingborg only called into being the stronger town and territorial alliance of 1367, known as the Cologne Confederation, and its final victory, with the peace of Stralsund in 1370, which gave for a limited period the four chief castles on the Sound into the hands of the Hanseatic towns, greatly enhanced the prestige of the League.
But while it was found impossible to enforce the staple or to close the Sound against the Dutch, other features of the monopolistic system of trade regulations were still upheld.
The municipal finance has on the whole been sound, and notwithstanding the extra burdens assumed on the incorporation of the suburbs, the equilibrium of the communal budget was maintained up to the fall of the Liberal administration.
Early borrowings like wine (Latin vinum), wall (Latin vallum), retain the w sound and are therefore spelt with w.
Sometimes, especially at early dawn, there is a musical noise in the desert, like the sound of distant drums, which is caused by the eddying of grains of sand in the heated atmosphere, on the crests of the medanos.
There is a little bird, the size of a starling, with brown back striped with black, and white breast, which the Indians call yncahualpa; it utters a monotonous sound at each hour of the night.
Her innate humanity and sound sense, however, led her gradually to return to her place in the family circle, and she began also to seek out and help the poor and the sick.
But Rabbi Jonah saw the true vocation of his life in the scientific investigation of te Hebrew language and in a rational biblical exegesis based upon sound linguistic knowledge.
In war they trembled at the sound of a trumpet, in peace they quaked before the shouting of their own demagogues; and during the assault of Philip II.
In all these cases the sound represented was a hard G (as in gig).
These were gradually retired, however, through the efforts of the mercantile classes, aided by the parliamentary statutes of 1751 and 1763, and by about 1763 the finances were again placed on a sound money basis.
A variety of the cuckoo called hototogisu (Cuculus poliocephalus) in imitation of the sound of its voice, is heard as an accompaniment of the uguisu, and there are also three other species, the kakkodori (Cuculus canorus), the Isutsu-dori (C. himalayanus), and the masuhakari, orju-ichi (C. hyperythrus).
The sound was that of the unvoiced dental stop. The English t, however, is not dental but alveolar, being pronounced, as d also, not by putting the tongue against the teeth but against their sockets.
The alveolar sound is frequent also in the languages of India, which possess both this and the dental sound.
The Indian t, however, is probably produced still farther from the teeth than is the English sound.
In the middle of words when t precedes a palatal sound like i (y) which is not syllabic, it coalesces with it into the sound of sh as in position, nation, &c. The change to a sibilant in these cases took place in late Latin, but in Middle English the i following the t was still pronounced as a separate syllable.
This arises from the pronunciation of u as yu, and does not affect the English dialects which have not thus modified the u sound.
This is the sound that in ancient Greek was represented by 0.
In medieval and modern Greek, however, this has become the unvoiced sound represented in English by th in thin, thick, pith.
Though represented in English by two symbols this is a single sound, which may be either interdental or, as frequently in English, produced "by keeping the tongue loosely behind the upper front teeth, so that the breath escapes partly between the tongue and the teeth, and partly, if the teeth are not very closely set, through the interstices between them" (Jespersen).
In English th represents both the unvoiced sound J as in thin, &c., and the voiced sound 5, which is found initially only in pronominal words like this, that, there, then, those, is commonest medially as in father, bother, smother, either, and is found also finally in words like with (the preposition), both.
His criticism on the ministers' bill for the government of India was sound in principle, though the evils he foresaw did not arise.
The war was very unpopular in Denmark, and the closing of the Sound against foreign shipping, in order to starve out Sweden, had exasperated the maritime powers and all the Baltic states.
He also erected the stately fortress of Kronborg, to guard the narrow channel of the Sound.
He was highly esteemed as a man of sound judgment and wide knowledge.
The ridge was captured with little resistance, but the sound of the firing at once set all the neighbouring troops in motion, and fortunately so, for the French had immediately retaliated on von der Goltz's audacious attack.
The sound of the heavy firing coming from the eastward convinced him of what had been gradually dawning on him - that with barely 30,000 men he was in the presence of the whole French army, whose attitude at this moment sufficiently indicated their determination to fight.
Nettled by the form in which the order was conveyed to him, Bredow drew his sword and ordered his trumpeter to sound the "trot," the brigade moving off in line of squadron columns at close interval in the direction in which they happened at the moment to be facing.
Assuming, then, that the proper names found in the Persian portion of the Behistun inscription occurred also in the Assyrian portion, retaining virtually the same sound in each, a clue to the phonetic values of a large number of the Assyrian characters was obviously at hand.
His criticism of Wolff, which is generally based on sound sense, had much influence upon Kant at the time when his system was forming; and his ethical doctrines are mentioned with respect in the Kritik of Practical Reason.
When alarmed, they rush to their burrows, and if these are disturbed utter a growling sound.
Blake, informed by the sound of the cannon, which was audible on the Thames, that an action was in progress, hurried to sea and joined Monk in the pursuit of the Dutch on the 3rd of June.
The pipette having been carefully dried, the process is repeated with pure alcohol or with proof spirits, and the strength of any admixture of water and spirits is determined from the corresponding number of drops, but the formula generally given is not based upon sound data.
On the whole, Trajan's civil administration was sound, careful and sensible, rather than brilliant.
There were at first murmurings among his clergy against what they deemed his harsh control, but his real kindness soon made itself felt, and, during the sixteen years of his tenure of the see, his sound and vigorous rule dissipated the prejudices against him, so that when, on the death of Dr John Jackson in 1885, he was translated to London, the appointment gave general satisfaction.
Early in 1503 Machiavelli drew up for Soderini a speech, Discorso sull y provisione del danaro, in which the duty and necessity of liberal expenditure for the protection of the state were expounded upon principles of sound political philosophy.
Modern surveying ships no longer make use of hempen lines with enormously heavy sinkers, such as were employed on the " Challenger," but they sound instead with steel piano wire not more than 310 to 215 of an inch in diameter and a detachable lead seldom weighing more than 70 lb.
This accounts for the great range of submarine sound signals, which can thus be very serviceable to navigation in foggy weather.
The observations made on the " Challenger " and " Gazelle," though enabling some perfectly sound general conclusions to be drawn, require to be supplemented.
The first indication is a dull hollow sound heard when treading on the pavement or floor, probably occasioned r FIG.
After Talleyrand's return to Paris early in July (probably in order to sound the situation there) matters went from bad to worse.
His principle, however, was essentially sound, and led directly to the Platonic Idealism.
The Shoshoni, Shahaptin and Salish tribes are of middle stature; on the coast of British Columbia, Puget Sound, in Oregon, and northern California, are the shortest of all the North Americans save the Eskimo, while among them, on the Columbia, are taller tribes.
Commencing in the Arctic region, the Eskimo in his kayak, consisting of a framework of driftwood or bone covered with dressed sealskin, could paddle down east Greenland, up the west shore to Smith Sound, along Baffin Land and Labrador, and the shores of Hudson Bay throughout insular Canada and the Alaskan coast, around to Mount St Elias, and for many miles on the eastern shore of Asia.
A portion of the Puget Sound Basin and a portion of the Coast range are drained by the Chehalis river, which has cut a channel through the Coast range and discharges into Gray's Harbour.
There are large quantities of salmon in the lower Columbia river, in Gray's and Willapa harbours, and in Puget Sound; oyster fisheries in Gray's and Willapa harbours and in Puget Sound; cod, perch, flounders, smelt, herring and sardines in these and other salt waters.
The Puget Sound Basin and the neighbouring slopes of the Cascade and Olympic Mountains are noted for their forests, consisting mainly of giant Douglas fir or Oregon pine (Pseudotsuga Douglasii), but containing also some cedar, spruce and hemlock, a smaller representation of a few other species and a dense undergrowth.
In the Puget Sound Basin an occasional cold east wind during a dry period in winter causes the temperature to fall below zero.
Along the coast the prevailing winds blow from the west or south; in the Puget Sound Basin from the south, and in eastern Washington from the south-west, except in the Yakima and Wenatchee valleys, where they are north-west.
The soils of western Washington are chiefly glacial, those of eastern Washington chiefly volcanic. In the low tidewater district of the Puget Sound Basin an exceptionally productive soil has been made by the mixture of river silt and sea sand.
Granite is found about Puget Sound and in the extreme eastern part of the state; it is largely used in riprap or rough foundations.
The Great Northern, running west from Spokane, crosses the state in nearly a straight line, and between this road and the Northern Pacific, and parallelingthe Great Northern, runs the recently constructed Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, the westward extension of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul.
During the winter of1791-1792he built another fort on Nootka Sound and mounted four cannon from the ship. With the coming of spring he sailed southward, determined to settle definitely the existence of the great river, which he had vainly attempted to enter the previous summer.
These, with other inscriptions on stone and on bronze plates brought home by Englishmen, found a cautious and sound interpreter in Osiander.
Sound,, The, below; (3) to test or measure the depth of anything, particularly the depth of water in lakes or seas (see Sounding, below).
The physiological and psychical aspects of sound are treated in the article Hearing.
We shall discuss the disturbance which is propagated from the source to the ear, and which there produces sound, and the modes in which various sources vibrate and give rise to the disturbance.
We may easily satisfy ourselves that, in every instance in which the sensation of sound is excited, the body whence the sound proceeds must have been thrown, by a blow or other means, into a state of agitation or tremor, implying the existence of a vibratory motion, or motion to and fro, of the particles of which it consists.
Thus, if a common glass-jar be struck so as to yield an audible sound, the existence of a motion of this kind may be felt by the finger lightly applied to the edge of the glass; and, on increasing the pressure so as to destroy this motion the sound forthwith ceases.
Small pieces of cork put in the jar will be found to dance about during the continuance of the sound; water or spirits of wine poured into the glass will, under the same circumstances, exhibit a ruffled surface.
We see the steam issuing from the whistle of a distant engine long before we hear the sound.
These wires form a material channel from the bell to the outside air, but if they are fine the sound which they carry is hardly appreciable.
If while the air within the receiver is at atmospheric pressure the bell is set ringing continuously, the sound is very audible.
But as the air is withdrawn by the pump the sound decreases, and when the exhaustion is high the.
Usually air is the medium through which sound travels, but it can travel through solids or liquids.
As sound arises in general from vibrating bodies, as it takes time to travel, and as the medium which carries it does not on the whole travel forward, but subsides into its original position when the sound has passed, we are forced to conclude that the disturbance is of the wave kind, We can at once gather some idea of the nature of sound waves in air by considering how they are produced by a bell.
We may obtain an excellent representation of the motion of the layers of air in a train of sound waves by means of a device due to Crova and known as " Crova's disk."
In liquids sound waves are longitudinal as they are in air.
But the waves on the surface of a liquid, which are not of the sound kind, are both longitudinal and transverse, the compound nature being easily seen in watching the motion of a floating particle.
In ordinary sound waves the displacement is very minute, perhaps of the order 105 cm., so that we multiply it perhaps by ioo,000 in forming the displacement curve.
Then do= I do dx The Characteristics of Sound Waves Corresponding to Loudness, Pitch and Quality.
The loudness of the sound brought by a train of waves of given wave-length depends on the extent of the to and fro excursion of the air particles.
Methods of measuring the amplitude in sound waves in air have been devised and will be described later.
We may say here that the energy or the intensity of the sound of given wave-length is proportional to the square of the amplitude.
The pitch of a sound, the note which we assign to it, depends on the number of waves received by the ear per second.
An obvi us method of determining the velocity of sound in air consists in starting some sound, say by firing a gun, and stationing an observer at some measured distance from the gun.
The distance divided by the time gives the velocity of the sound.
He found that the time varied between 551seconds when the wind was blowing most strongly with the sound, to 63 seconds when it was most strongly against the sound.
But when the wind is steady its effect may be eliminated by " reciprocal " observations, that is, by observations of the time of passage of sound in each direction over the measured distance..
When the interval between a flash and a report is measured, the personal equations for the two arrivals are, in all probability, different, that for the flash being most likely less than that for the sound.
Regnault in the years 1862 to 1866 on the velocity of sound in open air, in air in pipes and in various other gases in pipes, he sought to eliminate personal equaticn by dispensing with the human element in the observations, using electric receivers as observers.
On page 459 of the Memoire will be found a list of previous careful experiments on the velocity of sound.
The sound travelled to and fro in the pipes several times before the signals died away, and he found that the velocity decreased with the intensity, tending to a limit for very feeble sounds, the limit being the same whatever the source.
Comparing the velocities of sound U i and U2 in two different gases with densities and at the same temperature and pressure, and with ratios of specific heats 'yl, 72, theory gives Ui/U2 = 1/ {71 p 2/72 p i }.
An observer with his ear to the tube noted the interval between the arrival of flash and sound.
When a wave of sound meets a surface separating two media it is in part reflected, travelling back from the surface into the first medium again with the velocity with which it approached.
The laws of reflection of sound are identical with those of the reflection of light, viz.
For instance, a ticking watch may be put at the focus of a large concave metallic mirror, which sends a parallel " beam " of sound to a second concave mirror facing the first.
Examples of reflection of sound in buildings are only too frequent.
Some curious examples of echo are given in Herschel's article on " Sound " in the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, but it appears that he is in error in one case.
He states that in the whispering gallery in St Paul's, London, " the faintest sound is faithfully conveyed from one side to the other of the dome but is not heard at any intermediate point."
Rayleigh points out that this clinging of the sound to the surface of a concave wall does not depend on the exactness of the spherical form.
In some cases of echo, when the original sound is a compound musical note, the octave of the fundamental tone is reflected much more strongly than that tone itself.
When a wave of sound travelling through one medium meets a second medium of a different kind, the vibrations of its own particles are communicated to the particles of the new medium, so that a wave is excited in the latter, and is propagated through it with a velocity dependent on the density and elasticity of the second medium, and therefore differing in general from the previous velocity.
Hence sound rays, in passing from one medium into another, are bent in towards the normal, or the reverse, according as the velocity of propagation in the former exceeds or falls short of that in the latter.
Thus, for instance, sound is refracted towards the perpendicular when passing into air from water, 0 or into carbonic acid gas from air; the converse is the case when the passage takes place the opposite way.
It further follows, as in the analogous case of light, that there is a certain angle termed the critical angle, whose sine is found by dividing the less by the greater velocity, such that all rays of sound meeting the surface separating two different bodies will not pass onward, but suffer total reflection back into the first body, if the.
Hence, rays of sound proceeding from a distant source, and therefore nearly parallel to each other,.
On the other hand, to produce convergence with water or hydrogen gas, in both which the velocity of sound exceeds its rate in air, the lens ought to be concave.
At sunset, too, after a warm day, if the air is still, the cooling of the earth by radiation cools the lower layers, and sound carries excellently over a level surface.
Sound is then not so well heard along the level, but may still reach an elevated observer.
It is well known that sound travels far better with the wind than against it.
The velocity of any part of a wave front relative to the ground will be the normal velocity of sound + the velocity of the wind at that point.
But if the wind is against the sound the velocity of a point of the wave front is the normal velocity-the wind velocity at the point, and so decreases as we rise.
Many of the well-known phenomena of optical diffraction may be imitated with sound waves, especially if the waves be short.
We shall only consider one interesting case of sound diffraction which may be easily observed.
The railings in fact do for sound what a diffraction grating does for light.
Scott (Comptes rendus, 1861, 53, p. 108) any sound whatever may be made to record its trace on the paper by means of a large parabolic cavity resembling a speaking-trumpet, which is freely open at the wider extremity, but is closed at the other end by a thin stretched membrane.
Any sound (such as that of the human voice) transmitting its rays into the reflector, and communicating vibratory motion to the membrane, will cause the feather to trace a sinuous line on the paper.
If, at the same time, a tuning-fork of known number of vibrations per second be made to trace its own line close to the other, a comparison of the two lines gives the number corresponding to the sound under consideration.
Various modifications of the kaleidophone have been made (Rayleigh, Sound, § 38).
In works on sound it is usual to adopt Helmholtz's notation, in which the octave from bass to middle C is written c d e f g a b c'.
At the other end of the scale with increasing frequency there is another limiting frequency somewhere about 20,000 per second, beyond which no sound is heard.
Since U=n X where U is the velocity of sound, X the wave-length, and n the frequency, it follows that the forward frequency is greater than the backward frequency.
Let the velocity of the air from S to R be w, and let U be the velocity of sound in still air.
Fourier's theorem can also be usefully applied to the disturbance of a source of sound under certain conditions.
But the converse, the measurement of the loudness of a sound not produced at our will, is by no means so easy.
In sound sensation we have nothing corresponding to white light.